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Paris West University Nanterre La Défense

EducationParis, France
About: Paris West University Nanterre La Défense is a education organization based out in Paris, France. It is known for research contribution in the topics: Population & Finite element method. The organization has 895 authors who have published 1430 publications receiving 21712 citations.


Papers
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Journal ArticleDOI
21 Apr 2011
TL;DR: A historical and philosophical perspective on the term “ natural selection ” in some European languages (mostly French and German) is adopted to emphasize the power of words in science.
Abstract: This paper focuses on the translation of the term “ natural selection ” in some European languages (mostly French and German). It adopts a historical and philosophical perspective on the term “ natural selection ” to emphasize the power of words in science. Although natural selection is probably Darwin’s most significant contribution to the theory of evolution, the phrase itself has been strangely and largely neglected by historians. This paper tries to understand why Darwin maintained the term in spite of the considerable dispute which it provoked from 1859, when the Origin of Species was first published. Indeed, Darwin thought it useful since it is both a technical term and one that nicely encapsulates an analogy with the practice of breeders. However, what Darwin saw as linguistic and conceptual efficiency entailed great difficulties in translating the term, and also in understanding it—as is clearly evidenced by ever-recurring debates on the “agential” connotations of selection. Besides, processes of translation suggest that the phrase “ natural selection ” gained a technical value before its sense was fully understood and a general theory of natural selection was well established. The study of the French translation of “natural selection” leads to another important result. I claim that French breeders did not have the word selection; and if they were actually “choosing” individuals for breeding and leading breeding experiments over several generations, the absence of the term is nonetheless indicative of important differences between the practices in France and in the United Kingdom. The case of Vilmorin’s method of “ maddening ” [“ affolement ”] is indicative of those different “ philosophies of breeding”: although “affolement” is a choice of mates, it differs from selection as it is not the patient accumulation of minute variations in a definite direction but a perturbation of the organization as a whole.

6 citations

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: The effect of eye contact on other’s likeability was preserved in normal ageing and in AD, and AD patients show a positive correlation between ratings of likeability and recognition scores, suggesting that they implicitly allocated their encoding resources to most likeable faces.
Abstract: Perceiving a direct gaze (i.e. another individual’s gaze directed to the observer leading to eye contact) influences positively a wide range of cognitive processes. In particular, direct gaze perception is known to stimulate memory for other’s faces and to increase their likeability. Alzheimer’s disease (AD) results in social withdrawal and cognitive decline. However, patients show preserved eye contact behaviours until the middle stage of the disease. The eye contact effects could be preserved in AD and be used to compensate for cognitive and social deficits. Yet, it is unknown whether these effects are preserved in normal ageing. The aim of this study was to address whether the positive effects of eye contact on memory for faces and likeability of others are preserved in healthy older adults and in patients with early to mild AD. Nineteen AD patients, 20 older adults and 20 young adults participated in our study. Participants were first presented with faces displaying either direct or averted gaze and rated each face’s degree of likeability. They were then asked to identify the faces they had previously seen during a surprise recognition test. Results showed that the effect of eye contact on other’s likeability was preserved in normal ageing and in AD. By contrast, an effect of eye contact on memory for faces seems to emerge only in young participants, suggesting that this effect declines with ageing. Interestingly, however, AD patients show a positive correlation between ratings of likeability and recognition scores, suggesting that they implicitly allocated their encoding resources to most likeable faces. These results open a new way for a “compensating” therapy in AD.

6 citations

Book ChapterDOI
01 Jan 2007
TL;DR: This paper presents a meta-analytical procedure called “spot-spot analysis”, which combines X-ray diffraction analysis, 3D image analysis, and 3D video analysis for the first time to characterize the response of the immune system to antibiotics.
Abstract: Vincent Herbreteau,1,2 Heikki Henttonen,3 Kumiko Yoshimatsu,4 Jean-Paul Gonzalez,2 Yupin Suputtamongkol,5 and Jean-Pierre Hugot6 1Laboratoire Espace, Santé,Territoire; Université Paris XNanterre, 200 avenue de la république, 92000 Nanterre, France 2IRD, UT 178, Bangkok,Thailand 3Finnish Forest Research Institute,Vantaa Research Centre, POB18 FIN-01301 Vantaa, Finland 4Institute for Animal Experimentation, Hokkaido University, School of Medicine, Sapporo, Japan 5Department of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine Siriraj Hospital, Mahidol University, Bangkok,Thailand 6Muséum National d’Histoire Naturelle, Départment Systématique et Évolution, UMR Origine, Structure et Évolution de la Biodiversité, 75231 Paris Cedex 05, France

6 citations

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: In this article, the authors explore the perception qu'ont les adolescents issus de l'immigration maghrebine de premiere generation, de leur appartenance culturelle, of leur identite, and of l'education parentale, a partir des modeles en interculturel developpes par de Berry (1989) and Franchi (1999).
Abstract: Resume En France, les etudes sur la delinquance des adolescents issus de l'immigration portent le plus souvent sur les facteurs socioculturels, en termes de facteurs de risque, qui ont en fin de compte une faible valeur explicative. L'etude presentee ici explore la perception qu'ont les adolescents issus de l'immigration maghrebine de premiere generation, de leur appartenance culturelle, de leur identite et de l'education parentale, a partir des modeles en interculturel developpes par de Berry (1989) et Franchi (1999). Nous avons compare l'expression de ces trois dimensions dans deux groupes d'adolescents issus de l'immigration maghrebine de premiere generation : un groupe de 30 delinquants (judiciarises) et un groupe de 30 de non delinquants, tous de meme origine socioculturelle et habitant la meme banlieue. Les resultats mettent en evidence des differences marquees dans les orientations culturelles, avec chez les non-delinquants une preference pour le biculturalisme mais de maniere harmonieuse par rapport a leur sentiment identitaire, contrairement aux delinquants qui valorisent plutot la culture francaise mais presentent une dissonance entre leur orientation culturelle et leur sentiment d'identite. Des differences considerables apparaissent aussi dans les perceptions qu'ont ces adolescents de l'attitude des parents a leur egard.

6 citations

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: The study reveals that high-stroke hospitalization rates cluster remains the same during the study period, and these results are valuable tools to implement more targeted strategies to improve stroke care accessibility and reduce geographic disparities.
Abstract: Background. This study evaluates the clustering of hospitalization rates for stroke and compares this clustering with two different time intervals 2009-2010 and 2012-2013, corresponding to the beginning of the French National Stroke Plan 2010–2014. In addition, these data will be compared with the deployment of stroke units as well as socioeconomic and healthcare characteristics at zip code level. Methods. We used the PMSI data from 2009 to 2013, which lists all hospitalizations for stroke between 2009 and 2013, identified on the most detailed geographic scale allowed by this database. We identify statistically significant clusters with high or low rates in the zip code level using the Getis-Ord statistics. Each of the significant clusters is monitored over time and evaluated according to the nearest stroke unit distance and the socioeconomic profile. Results. We identified clusters of low and high rate of stroke hospitalization (23.7% of all geographic codes). Most of these clusters are maintained over time (81%) but we also observed clusters in transition. Geographic codes with persistent high rates of stroke hospitalizations were mainly rural (78% versus 17%, P < .0001) and had a least favorable socioeconomic and healthcare profile. Conclusion. Our study reveals that high-stroke hospitalization rates cluster remains the same during our study period. While access to the stroke unit has increased overall, it remains low for these clusters. The socioeconomic and healthcare profile of these clusters are poor but variations were observed. These results are valuable tools to implement more targeted strategies to improve stroke care accessibility and reduce geographic disparities.

6 citations


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Performance
Metrics
No. of papers from the Institution in previous years
YearPapers
202331
2022252
2021146
2020131
2019116
201896