Paris West University Nanterre La Défense

About: Paris West University Nanterre La Défense is a education organization based out in Paris, France. It is known for research contribution in the topics: Computer science & Politics. The organization has 895 authors who have published 1430 publications receiving 21712 citations.

The Multiplier Effect of Public Expenditure on Justice: The Case of Rental Litigation

Abstract: When courts are congested, the risk associated with facing a defaulting tenant is high for landlords. They tend to compensate for this risk by increasing rents to include a “risk premium.” This has the effect of making the probability of defaulting increase, as well as further overloading the courts. Using a simple model we show in this paper how a better equilibrium can be reached when the resources of the judiciary are slightly increased. Our explanation is that a rise in public legal resources not only allows courts to produce more decisions (direct effect), but also reduces the number of cases coming in by giving landlords an incentive to charge lower rents (indirect effect). The synergy of the two effects creates a multiplier of public expenditure on justice.

Asymptotic Performance of Complex $M$ -Estimators for Multivariate Location and Scatter Estimation

Abstract: The joint estimation of means and scatter matrices is often a core problem in multivariate analysis. In order to overcome robustness issues, such as outliers from Gaussian assumption, $M$ -estimators are now preferred to the traditional sample mean and sample covariance matrix. These estimators are well established and studied in the real case since the seventies. Their extension to the complex case has drawn recent interest. In this letter, we derive the asymptotic performance of complex $M$ -estimators for multivariate location and scatter matrix estimation.

Depression in adults with sickle cell disease: a systematic review of the methodological issues in assessing prevalence of depression

Abstract: Sickle cell disease (SCD) as other chronic medical conditions is commonly complicated by depression or other psychiatric symptoms. Results reported in studies present a large variation. Thus, synthetic data are needed to understand impact of depression in adults with SCD. The aim of this literature review is to analyse the methodology used in the studies assessing depression and discuss the different prevalence levels reported. Studies involving adults with SCD from 1999 to 2018 were included when providing data on prevalence of depression. It was defined by a psychometric assessment, a structured interview, or a medical record review. PRISMA recommendations were followed. 36 studies are included accordingly to our methodology. Prevalence variation is large, from 0% to more than 85%. We find that the type of assessment tool used plays a major role in this between studies variation. Also, methodological issues arise with respect to psychometric assessment. Moreover, differences emerge between continents, setting of recruitment or time of assessment. All these issues are discussed to provide insight on depression in adults with sickle cell disease. PROSPERO Registration CRD42018100684.

How movement direction shapes the spatial representation of its effects: About the consequence of the ideomotor bidirectional association.

Abstract: Ideomotor theories assume that action and perception share a common representational system in which a movement and its effect are equally represented and integrated by a bidirectional association....

Rural finance reform in China

Abstract: China’s current financial structure does not give sufficient support to rural areas, leaving many farmers and rural businesses without the capital they need to develop. Rural finance is the weakest point in the country’s entire financial system. Low profits for rural financial institutions, a lack of rural financial products and services and the difficulty many farmers experience in securing loans are the main problems plaguing the rural financial system. Accelerating rural financial reform and making it easier for rural people to access capital are key parts of the country’s effort to reform its overall financial system, to resolve “Three Rural Issues (San Nong)(1)” (Agriculture, Countryside, Farmers), and to create “new socialist countryside”. The main objectives of this paper are to (i) examine the current status of rural finance’s demand and supply and identify existing issues and constraints; (ii) evaluate ongoing rural financial reform and explore suitable roadmaps to develop a well-functioning and sustainable rural finance system, which would address the diverse needs of “new socialist countryside” construction. (1) San nong literally means three “nong”. The word “nong” in Chinese is combined with other words to form phrases such as nongye (agriculture), nongcun (villages or countryside), and nongmin (farmers or peasants).