Paris West University Nanterre La Défense

About: Paris West University Nanterre La Défense is a education organization based out in Paris, France. It is known for research contribution in the topics: Population & Finite element method. The organization has 895 authors who have published 1430 publications receiving 21712 citations.

Towards a Clean Vehicle Fleet: from Households’ Valuation of Fuel Efficiency to Policy Implications

Abstract: This paper investigates household behaviour with regard to vehicle fuel efficiency. We propose to approach the Willingness to Pay (WTP) for better fuel efficiency through the Hicksian compensating variation in income. Specifically, we distinguish the Willingness to Pay or to Accept (WTA) buying a more fuel-efficient car from the theoretical WTP for a reduction in fuel consumption without changing one’s car. Then by assuming that the household has to replace its car, we estimate a WTP for the cleanest car. We also analyse what effect a fuel tax and/or a feebate scheme (e.g. a bonus-malus scheme) have on the WTP for the cleanest car and on the driven mileage. We find that the WTP for the cleanest car decreases following the implementation of a fuel tax. To the contrary, a feebate system leads to an increase in this WTP. But we also find that reducing the market price of the new vehicle (i.e. through a bonus) is not worthwhile in the light of the rebound effect. However, a fuel tax – as soon as it exceeds a certain level – is able to nullify the rebound effect.

Characterizing Risky Driving Behaviors of Electric Two-Wheelers Riders To Create Prevention Guidelines in China and in France

Abstract: Today, Chinese people rely heavily on Electric Two-Wheelers (E2W), both the scooter and the bike styles, thus the production keeps growing. This phenomenon coincides with a high rate of E2W rider mortality. However, reviewing the literature indicates a dearth of publications related to the characterization of E2W driver behaviors. In Europe, and more specifically in France, the prevelence of E2Wstarts to rise. In this regard, our ongoing collaborative research project, for which we introduce the framework in this paper, aims to develop new specific knowledge about the risk of E2W that would jointly serve immediate prevention needs in China and prospective prevention in France. In this paper, we first introduce the E2W’s current place within road traffic and their benefits in France and China as well as the projected future growth of these vehicles. Secondly, we refer to the literature dedicated to Powered Two-Wheelers (PTW) to infer some common characterization with E2W. We continue with a description of the particular characteristic of road traffic in China. Then, we review the literature aiming to find out what defines dangerous/risky driving behaviors and how they are measured in the Chinese road context. Notably, we critically report the currently implemented tools that gauge either violation or dangerous, aberrant driving behaviors of both cars and two-wheelers. We point out a general lack of definition regarding the labels of “violation” and “risky driving behaviors.” We argue the need to go beyond a classical but restrictive design in terms of errors, violations, or self/hetero aggressive intent. Finally, we suggest only operationalizing the defintion of risky driving behaviors provided by Dula and Geller (2003) in relation to E2W and PTW riders.