Paris West University Nanterre La Défense

About: Paris West University Nanterre La Défense is a education organization based out in Paris, France. It is known for research contribution in the topics: Computer science & Politics. The organization has 895 authors who have published 1430 publications receiving 21712 citations.

Phrasing and fragmented time in “pathological” Mother-infant vocal interaction

Abstract: This paper presents the results of an ecological perturbation study of mother-infant vocal interaction. We compared the temporal organisation of spontaneous interactions between 3–month-old infants and mothers who suffered from “borderline personality disorder” and control mothers and infants. Previous studies of vocal interaction have shown that they present a hierarchical temporal organisation. This study focused specifically on “phrasal” units in the flow of expressive sounds produced by mothers and infants that can be segmented according to rules similar to those used by music performers, composers and listeners. Phrases in interaction are perceived and shaped by features such as final lengthening, pausing or lowered pitch and intensity. Acoustic analyses of audio recordings of 34 mother-infant dyads were performed. Results showed that the interactions of mothers with “borderline personality disorder” contained fewer “phrases” with longer phrase final pauses than those of control dyads. These findings...

Contribution of Foods and Poor Food-Handling Practices to the Burden of Foodborne Infectious Diseases in France.

Abstract: The foodborne disease burden (FBDB) related to 26 major biological hazards in France was attributed to foods and poor food-handling practices at the final food preparation step, in order to develop effective intervention strategies, especially food safety campaigns. Campylobacter spp. and non-typhoidal Salmonella accounted for more than 60% of the FBDB. Approximately 30% of the FBDB were attributed to 11 other hazards including bacteria, viruses and parasites. Meats were estimated as the main contributing food category causing (50-69%) (CI90) of the FBDB with (33-44%), (9-21%), (4-20%) (CI90) of the FBDB for poultry, pork and beef, respectively. Dairy products, eggs, raw produce and complex foods caused each approximately (5-20%) (CI90) of the FBDB. When foods are contaminated before the final preparation step, we estimated that inadequate cooking, cross-contamination and inadequate storage contribute for (19-49%), (7-34%) and (9-23%) (CI90) of the FBDB, respectively; (15-33%) (CI90) of the FBDB were attributed to the initial contamination of ready-to-eat foods-without any contribution from final food handlers. The thorough implementation of good hygienic practices (GHPs) at the final food preparation step could potentially reduce the FBDB by (67-85%) (CI90) (mainly with the prevention of cross-contamination and adequate cooking and storage).

La division sexuée de l'orientation et du travail : une question théorique et une question de pratiques

Abstract: Resume La division sexuee du travail et de l'orientation, et les inegalites professionnelles entre les sexes sont toujours tres marquees en France. Apres un rappel de cette realite et de ces inegalites, l'article s'interroge sur les processus sous-jacents a cette division sexuee. Il presente une demarche theorique et pratique se fondant sur la theorie de Bandura. Il ressort que — pour produire un changement social allant dans le sens d'une egalite des sexes — la question du genre devrait etre systematiquement prise en compte dans les modelisations des choix d'orientation et du developpement de carriere et dans l'elaboration des pratiques educatives ou de conseil.

La double dimension de l'apprentissage autodirigé Contribution à une théorie du sujet social apprenant

Abstract: In this article the author lays the foundation for a conceptualization of self-direction from an analysis of its place in the debates occurring in both Europe and North America. The proposed model is grounded in two meanings of the concept: the self-determined will to learn and the abilities of learning self-regulation. Self-efficacy to learn underlies these two meanings in the proposed conceptualization of self-direction. Resume Cet article jette les bases d'une conceptualisation de l'autodirection a partir du debat sur cette notion en Amerique du Nord et en Europe. Le modele theorique propose est enracine dans deux dimensions conceptuelles : la volonte autodeterminee d'apprendre d'un cote et les capacites d'autoregulation de l'apprentissage de l'autre. Le sentiment d'efficacite personnelle a apprendre est sous-jacent a ces deux dimensions dans le modele propose de l'autodirection.

Assigned Experts with Competitive Goals Withhold Information in Group Decision Making

Abstract: Expertise assignment has been proposed to improve unshared information pooling in group decision making. The current research revises this view by hypothesizing that expertise assignment is beneficial when group members have cooperative goals, but is detrimental when group members have competitive goals. Three-person groups were confronted with a hidden-profile task. Members were either assigned experts or not and were instructed to either cooperate or compete with other members. The results confirmed that expertise decreased unshared information pooling and repetitions in competition, while the reverse was found in cooperation. This interaction effect was mediated by self–other difference in perceived competence. Thus, expertise favours or hinders information sharing in group decision making as a function of members’ cooperative or competitive goals.