ParisTech

About: ParisTech is a education organization based out in Paris, France. It is known for research contribution in the topics: Finite element method & Residual stress. The organization has 1888 authors who have published 1965 publications receiving 55532 citations. The organization is also known as: Paris Institute of Technology & ParisTech Développement.

Land use and soils disposal: From competition to territorial governance (examples from land use conflicts in the greater Paris region)

Abstract: Rural, natural and peri-urban areas seem nowadays to become the object of conflicts and tensions because of their multi-functional nature. If these conflicts issue from opposing views about the use of land, they are also determined by the spatial parameters that characterize the pieces of land affected by the projects of land-use transformation, and by the antagonistic relationship between two or several units of action (farmers and local planners, for example). Therefore, there is a need for a new management of rural (and peri-urban) areas, and this is the role of territorial governance, which is the engine of local development, and the tool for better local compromises, involving periods of opposition and streams of negotiation. Territorial governance has to take into account not only negotiations but conflict relations as well and to include both interaction schemes into its framework. Our study assesses the role played by conflicts in land use within a peri-urban context, based on studies on the Greater Paris region, and a case study on the use of agricultural soils on the urban fringe.

Study of Mechanical Properties of AZ91 Magnesium Alloy Welded by Laser Process Taking into Account the Anisotropy Microhardness and Residual Stresses by X-Ray Diffraction

Abstract: The objective of this investigation was to study the mechanical properties of a magnesium alloy welded by a CO2 laser. Residual stresses were measured by X-ray diffraction. They were calculated by the classic sin2ψ method in the isotropic zones by using the orientation distribution function (ODF) in the textured zones. The results demonstrated that laser welding results in the formation of several different zones with different microstructural and mechanical properties. Welding principally leads to a reduction in grain size and a new distribution of phases. The most remarkable observation was that of a superficial layer on the surface of the welded zone. This layer has a marked crystallographic texture, a reduction in the level of aluminum, and an elevated microhardness. These characteristics disappear at a depth of 200 μm under the welded zone. These modifications can be explained by the nature of the solidification, which occurs under nonequilibrium conditions resulting in an equiaxial columnar transition. This transition is evident also within the profile of residual tensile stresses, which are at their maximum at the interface between the superficial layer and the rest of the welded zone. These results are explained by the anisotropic properties of the textured layer in relation to the plasticity.

Flexible right sized honing technology for fast engine finishing

Abstract: The paper discusses a flexible honing technology by describing the new prototype machine with its specificity. Three original methods produced by the flexible honing prototype have been studied. A path combines the two contemporary methods of industrial honing: the helical slide honing at 135° at the bottom of the cylinder and the conventional honing at 45° on the upper part. This method of honing shows the effectiveness of specific motion tracking to remove traces of inversions. Circular trajectories with large radii can be traveled quickly without consuming too much energy. The high cutting speed promotes the removal of material thus saving time. Finally, the multi-circle paths can get original textures thus proving the feasibility of all patterns.

Water Management, Impacts and Conflicts: Case of Indus water distribution in Sindh, Pakistan

Abstract: Little attention has been devoted to water projects instituted to store and divert Indus water in the upper Indus basin, and causing water shortage in the Sindh province of Pakistan. The water shortage results in economic, social and ecological problems, which become a source of conflict between provinces. This article emphasizes the mismanagement and flawed water distribution policies, which are leading to inter-provincial social conflicts. It is descriptive in parts, where we have tried to evaluate the shortage of water in Sindh with respect to the planning, storage and distribution of Indus water, and the impact on the economic, social and environmental life of the province. Then we evaluate the impacts of water conflicts especially the downstream riparian, where the Indus delta is moving towards an ecological disaster and famine-like situation. Finally we recommend resolution measures. Attention to such conflicts, their resolution and prevention is an important area for research and policy development.