ParisTech

About: ParisTech is a education organization based out in Paris, France. It is known for research contribution in the topics: Residual stress & Finite element method. The organization has 1888 authors who have published 1965 publications receiving 55532 citations. The organization is also known as: Paris Institute of Technology & ParisTech Développement.

Imaging and 3D morphological analysis of collagen fibrils.

Abstract: The recent booming of multiphoton imaging of collagen fibrils by means of second harmonic generation microscopy generates the need for the development and automation of quantitative methods for image analysis. Standard approaches sequentially analyse two-dimensional (2D) slices to gain knowledge on the spatial arrangement and dimension of the fibrils, whereas the reconstructed three-dimensional (3D) image yields better information about these characteristics. In this work, a 3D analysis method is proposed for second harmonic generation images of collagen fibrils, based on a recently developed 3D fibre quantification method. This analysis uses operators from mathematical morphology. The fibril structure is scanned with a directional distance transform. Inertia moments of the directional distances yield the main fibre orientation, corresponding to the main inertia axis. The collaboration of directional distances and fibre orientation delivers a geometrical estimate of the fibre radius. The results include local maps as well as global distribution of orientation and radius of the fibrils over the 3D image. They also bring a segmentation of the image into foreground and background, as well as a classification of the foreground pixels into the preferred orientations. This accurate determination of the spatial arrangement of the fibrils within a 3D data set will be most relevant in biomedical applications. It brings the possibility to monitor remodelling of collagen tissues upon a variety of injuries and to guide tissues engineering because biomimetic 3D organizations and density are requested for better integration of implants.

Strip flatness modelling including buckling phenomena during thin strip cold rolling

Abstract: This paper describes the application of a steady state elastic-viscoplastic finite element model to the prediction of strip flatness and out of bite buckling during cold rolling of thin strips. This model is applied here to the last stand of a tinplate tandem cold mill. Results show that strip buckling reshuffles the non-homogeneous strip velocity profile just at the roll bite exit; strip stresses inside the roll bite are little impacted, so that roll stack deformation and roll force profile are not modified. The paper focuses on 'latent strip flatness', i.e. the profile in the transverse direction of the stress in the rolling direction. The profile predicted by the model far downstream the roll bite is in good agreement with shapemeter measurements only if strip buckling (i.e. manifest flatness) just at the roll bite exit and its interaction with the roll bite are considered, using a strong coupling of bite model and post-bite buckling model.

On the economics of decarbonization in an imperfect world

Abstract: 1 Motivation for the RECIPE projectThe economics of decarbonization have become an important topic over the last decade, asmany research groups have explored the costs and technologies of decarbonization. Thesescenarios have been widely used by institutions like the Intergovernmental Panel on ClimateChange (IPCC) and many national advisory bodies across the globe. However, most of thesescenarios and cost estimates have been derived under the restrictive and unrealistic assump-tions that all relevant technologies are available, that all countries will participate in aninternational agreement to control green house gas (GHG) emissions, and that all thesecountries will immediately implement their GHG mitigation plans. Therefore, inertia, path-dependencies of infrastructure investments, and the impact of myopic behavior on the costsof mitigation have been widely ignored. In addition, most of the scenarios have not analyzedexplicitly the design of policy instruments. The impact of rent generation and rent

Optimality of Contraction-Driven Crawling

Abstract: We study a particular mechanism of cell motility allowing a precise formulation of the condition of optimal trade-off between performance and metabolic cost. In the model, a steadily crawling fragment is represented by a layer of active gel placed on a frictional surface and driven by contraction only. We find analytically the distribution of contractile elements (pullers) ensuring that the efficiency of self-propulsion is maximal. We then show that natural assumptions about advection and diffusion of pullers produce a distribution that is remarkably close to the optimal one and is qualitatively similar to the one observed in experiments on fish keratocytes.