ParisTech

About: ParisTech is a education organization based out in Paris, France. It is known for research contribution in the topics: Finite element method & Residual stress. The organization has 1888 authors who have published 1965 publications receiving 55532 citations. The organization is also known as: Paris Institute of Technology & ParisTech Développement.

Laser Metal Deposition of the Intermetallic TiAl Alloy

Abstract: Laser metal deposition of the commercial intermetallic Ti-47Al-2Cr-2Nb alloy was investigated. A large number of experiments were conducted under controlled atmosphere by changing the processing parameters to manufacture a series of beads, thin walls, and massive blocks. Optimal process parameters were successfully found to prevent cracking which is generally observed in this brittle material due to built-up residual stresses during fast cooling. These non-equilibrium cooling conditions tend to generate ultra-fine and metastable structures exhibiting high microhardness values, thus requiring post-heat treatments. The latter were successfully used to restore homogeneous lamellar or duplex microstructures and to relieve residual stresses. Subsequent tensile tests enabled us to validate the soundness and homogeneity of the Intermetallic TiAl alloy. Finally, a higher mechanical performance was achieved for the LMD material with respect to cast+HIP and EBM counterparts.

Intracranial inertial cavitation threshold and thermal ablation lesion creation using MRI-guided 220-kHz focused ultrasound surgery: preclinical investigation

Abstract: OBJECT In biological tissues, it is known that the creation of gas bubbles (cavitation) during ultrasound exposure is more likely to occur at lower rather than higher frequencies. Upon collapsing, such bubbles can induce hemorrhage. Thus, acoustic inertial cavitation secondary to a 220-kHz MRI-guided focused ultrasound (MRgFUS) surgery is a serious safety issue, and animal studies are mandatory for laying the groundwork for the use of low-frequency systems in future clinical trials. The authors investigate here the in vivo potential thresholds of MRgFUS-induced inertial cavitation and MRgFUS-induced thermal coagulation using MRI, acoustic spectroscopy, and histology. METHODS Ten female piglets that had undergone a craniectomy were sonicated using a 220-kHz transcranial MRgFUS system over an acoustic energy range of 5600–14,000 J. For each piglet, a long-duration sonication (40-second duration) was performed on the right thalamus, and a short sonication (20-second duration) was performed on the left thalam...

An Automated Recording Method in Clinical Consultation to Rate the Limp in Lower Limb Osteoarthritis

Abstract: For diagnosis and follow up, it is important to be able to quantify limp in an objective, and precise way adapted to daily clinical consultation. The purpose of this exploratory study was to determine if an inertial sensor-based method could provide simple features that correlate with the severity of lower limb osteoarthritis evaluated by the WOMAC index without the use of step detection in the signal processing. Forty-eight patients with lower limb osteoarthritis formed two severity groups separated by the median of the WOMAC index (G1, G2). Twelve asymptomatic age-matched control subjects formed the control group (G0). Subjects were asked to walk straight 10 meters forward and 10 meters back at self-selected walking speeds with inertial measurement units (IMU) (3-D accelerometers, 3-D gyroscopes and 3-D magnetometers) attached on the head, the lower back (L3-L4) and both feet. Sixty parameters corresponding to the mean and the root mean square (RMS) of the recorded signals on the various sensors (head, lower back and feet), in the various axes, in the various frames were computed. Parameters were defined as discriminating when they showed statistical differences between the three groups. In total, four parameters were found discriminating: mean and RMS of the norm of the acceleration in the horizontal plane for contralateral and ipsilateral foot in the doctor's office frame. No discriminating parameter was found on the head or the lower back. No discriminating parameter was found in the sensor linked frames. This study showed that two IMUs placed on both feet and a step detection free signal processing method could be an objective and quantitative complement to the clinical examination of the physician in everyday practice. Our method provides new automatically computed parameters that could be used for the comprehension of lower limb osteoarthritis. It may not only be used in medical consultation to score patients but also to monitor the evolution of their clinical syndrome during and after rehabilitation. Finally, it paves the way for the quantification of gait in other fields such as neurology and for monitoring the gait at a patient's home.

Visual Iconicity Across Sign Languages: Large-Scale Automated Video Analysis of Iconic Articulators and Locations.

Abstract: We use automatic processing of 120,000 sign videos in 31 different sign languages to show a cross-linguistic pattern for two types of iconic form–meaning relationships in the visual modality. First ...

A mathematical modeling approach for high and new technology-project portfolio selection under uncertain environments

Abstract: High and new technology-project as a tool to achieve productive forces through scientific and technological knowledge is characterized as knowledge based with high risk and returns Often conflicting objectives of these projects have complicated their assessment and selection process This paper offers a novel approach of high technology-project portfolio selection in two main parts In the first part, a new risk reduction compromise decision-making model is proposed that applies a new approach in determining the weights of experts and in avoiding information loss The objective function of a new interval type-2 fuzzy sets (IT2Fs) based mathematical model of project portfolio selection is formed by the outcome To depict model’s applicability, data from case study of high technology-project selection in the literature is used to present the efficacy of the model