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Showing papers by "Paul Sabatier University published in 1974"


Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: The described method, suitable for small samples of tissue, such as those obtained by biopsy, seems to be simple and accurate, but gives values 5 to 10% higher than those given by the classic KOH-ethanol method.
Abstract: For determination of (chiefly) glycogen content, tissue homogenates in citrate buffer are mixed with exo-1,4-α-glucosidase (EC 3.2.1.3). Liberated glucose is estimated with a Beckman Glucose Analyzer. This method was checked with commercial glycogen (from oysters) and with fish (carp) tissues. Comparative measurements were made with the classic Good-Kramer-Somogyi method [ J. Biol. Chem. 100, 485 (1933)]. The described method, suitable for small samples of tissue, such as those obtained by biopsy, seems to be simple and accurate, but gives values 5 to 10% higher than those given by the classic KOH-ethanol method.

206 citations


Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: In this paper, a non-empirical method is developed to determine atomic pseudopotentials; their parameters are calculated by means of a least-squares process, and the efficiency of such a method appears clearly in the calculation of the valence molecular orbitals of the silane molecule.

96 citations


Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: In the carp, the absorption of fat from the food occurs at the level of the enterocytes of the proximal region of the intestine, and the absorbed fat gives rise to the presence of two forms of inclusions: lipid particles and lipid droplets.
Abstract: In the carp, the absorption of fat from the food occurs at the level of the enterocytes of the proximal region of the intestine. The absorbed fat gives rise to the presence of two forms of inclusions: lipid particles and lipid droplets. These two forms, whose precise significance is unknown, definitely play different roles in fat absorption. Only lipid particles are involved in direct transport of absorbed fatty acids into the blood circulation. Lipid droplets seem to be involved in the temporary storage of fatty acids.

79 citations



Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: Three instars are to be found during the larval development of the workers, characterised by the form of the hairs, by the mandibles and by the size of the spiracles, which seems to be trophic.
Abstract: Le developpement larvaire des ouvrieres comprend trois stades caracterises par la forme des poils, des mandibules, ainsi que la dimension des stigmates. La differenciation visible des larves de soldats intervient a la fin du troisieme stade. Ces larves de soldats n'ont pas de mue supplementaire. La differenciation au niyeau des proteines de l'hemolymphe n'est effective qu'a partir du stade prenymphe. Le determinisme semble etre de nature trophique. L'orientation dans le sens soldat est favorisee par une nourriture riche en debris d'insectes et une temperature superieure a 24°. La production de soldats obeit a un phenomene de regulation sociale qui maintient ou retablit le nombre de soldats au voisinage d'un pourcentage donne.

46 citations


Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: Auroral electron flux characteristics from ∼300 eV to 30 keV were measured with twelve detectors launched on the ESRO Skylark rocket S46/1 from Kiruna, Sweden, on November 10, 1969, at ∼2346 magnetic local time (MLT) into a breakup aurora as discussed by the authors.
Abstract: Auroral electron flux characteristics from ∼300 eV to 30 keV were measured with twelve detectors launched on the ESRO Skylark rocket S46/1 from Kiruna, Sweden, on November 10, 1969, at ∼2346 magnetic local time (MLT) into a breakup aurora. The energetic electrons (E ≳ 5 keV) displayed isotropic angular distributions during the entire flight, whereas the lowest-energy electrons (E ≲ 5 keV) were characterized by very anisotropic angular distributions, maximum along geomagnetic field lines when the precipitation was enhanced, ≳108 (cm² s sr keV)−1. The highest value of the ratio between the fluxes measured at 0° and 30° pitch angles was about 40. The energetic and angular distributions thus observed must result from the action of a selective energy mechanism acting mainly on the parallel component of the electron velocity. Experimental results are in agreement with the presence of a parallel electric field along the field lines in the upper ionosphere.

42 citations


Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: In this article, a study of the stacking fault energy of Ni-Cr alloys by electron microscopical and tensile deformation techniques shows a reduction of the stack fault energy from the value for nickel (lower than previously thought) to 75 mJ/m2 for 15-40% chromium.
Abstract: STACKING FAULT ENERGIES AND DEFORMATION MECHANISMS IN THE Ni-Cr ALLOYS The study of the f.c.c. Ni-Cr alloys by electron microscopical and tensile deformation techniques shows a reduction of the stacking fault energy from the value for nickel (lower than previously thought) to 75 mJ/m2 for 15–40 weight-% chromium. Apparent activation volumes and energies, on the other hand, show continuous decreases with increasing chromium content, although the deformation models based on dislocation intersections and cross slip would suggest larger values when the dissociation of dislocations increases. A similar problem arises in the measurements of Davies, Sagar and Stevens (1973) on Ni-Co alloys. RESUME Letude des alliages Ni-Cr c.f.c. par des techniques de microscopic electroniqae et de traction montre que lenerge de defaut d'empilemont tombe de la valour pour le nickel (inferieure aux valeurs anterieurement admises) jusqua 75 mJ/m2 pour les alliages a 15–40% do chrome. Les volumes et energies d'activation a...

41 citations


Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: In this article, a reaction entre le n-butyllithium and les dimethyl-1,2 (ou 1,3) t-butoxy-1 sila-1 cyclobutanes is described.

32 citations


Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: In this article, the intramolecular oxymercuration of γ-δ ethylenic alcohols, with different mercuric salts under different conditions, is presented.

32 citations


Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: The mecanisme de ces reactions stereoselectives, base sur la stereomutation rapide des chloro-1 sila-1 cyclobutanes, est discute.

31 citations


Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: In this article, the Kramers-Kronig analysis of reflectivity data performed at quasi-normal incidence and at room temperature in the 2 to 80 eV range was used to derive the optical functions of GaSc.
Abstract: Optical functions of GaSc are derived from the Kramers-Kronig analysis of reflectivity data performed at quasi-normal incidence and at room temperature in the 2 to 80 eV range. Attempts of interpretation are suggested according to recent band structure calculations. In the experimental range, all the valence electrons are excited. On the high energy side, some structure corresponds to the excitation of 3d-electrons of Ga and Se, respectively. The calculated position of the plasmon peak is in good agreement with energy loss experiments. Les fonctions optiques de GaSe sont calculees par l'analyse de Kramers-Kronig des mesures de reflectivite effectuees sous incidence quasi-normale et a temperature ambiante, entre 2 et 80 eV. Les essais d'interpretation sont bases sur de recents calculs de structure de bandes. Dans l'intervalle expeimental, tous les electrons de valence sont excites. Du cǒte des hautes energies, la structure correspond a l'excitation des electrons 3d de Ga et 3d de Se. La position calculee du pic de plasmon est en bon accord avec les experiences de pertes d'energie des electrons.

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: In queenright colonies workers only lay reproductive eggs during a few weeks after hibernation when the queen's ability to inhibit the laying of such eggs is weak or non-existent, thereafter her inhibitory power increases sufficiently to prevent workers from laying reproductive eggs.
Abstract: Les ouvrieres deTemnothorax recedens pondent des œufs alimentaires et des œufs reproducteurs a descendance mâle. Dans les colonies completes (reine+ouvrieres), les œufs reproducteurs des ouvrieres sont pondus seulement dans les semaines qui suivent la fin de l'hibernation. Puis l'inhibition royale, qui etait faible ou nulle, va en se renforcant et la production des œufs reproducteurs cesse. Parallelement, on note un processus inverse en ce qui concerne les œufs alimentaires, dont la production n'est pas inhibee par la presence des reines: d'abord peu nombreux en debut de saison, ces œufs sont produits en plus grand nombre, prenant la place des œufs reproducteurs.

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: In this paper, it was shown that the destabilization of π-MOs in allyl and benzyl compounds of elements M of Group IVB can be quantitatively predicted on the basis of the hyperconjugative M-C/π interaction model.

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: In this paper, the magnetophonon effect was observed for the first time in n-type silicon and Fourier analysis revealed at least seven different series for B '100 and four series for b '111.

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: In this article, the thermal decomposition of functional polygermanes by an γ-elimination mechanism gives new functional organic germylenes PhGeY isolated or characterized by cycloaddition on dimethylbutadiene.

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: In this article, a simulation of the buildup of a breakdown in air is made in a gap with an applied uniform electric field, based on the classic determinist model of Townsend with account to secondary effects on the cathode and space charge effects in the gap.
Abstract: The simulation of the buildup of a breakdown in air is made in a gap with an applied uniform electric field. The computer program is based on the classic determinist model of Townsend with account to secondary effects on the cathode and space charge effects in the gap. Nevertheless, this model takes into account the different ionic and electronic creative processes in the discharge. To the direct ionization must be added attachment, detachment and charge exchange processes. The continuity equation gouverning the densities is written for each charge carriers kind. The resolution of this system represents accurately the spatio-temporel evolution of the discharge. The results are in good agreement with the experimental results found in literature.

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: In this paper, the polarity of the MH bonds is discussed and the IR and NMR analyses of all new compounds are given, according to their polarity in intramolecular dehydrocondensation reactions.

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: Les lacs du massif de Neouvielle (Hautes-Pyrenees) hebergent une vingtaine d'especes d'Oligochetes, en majorite ubiquistes ou holarctiques, frequente dans la zone profonde des lacs subalpins as mentioned in this paper.
Abstract: Les lacs du massif de Neouvielle (Hautes-Pyrenees) hebergent une vingtaine d'especes d'Oligochetes, en majorite ubiquistes ou holarctiques. Une espece nouvelle est decrite, Peloscolex pyrenaicus, biogeographiquement et ecologiquement proche de l'espece Peloscolex velutinus, frequente dans la zone profonde des lacs subalpins. Quantitativement, les Tubificidae accusent les plus fortes densites moyennes de peuplement, suivis dans l'ordre par les Naididae, les Enchytraeidae et les Lumbriculidae. Les pourcentages de similitude entre les communautes en provenance des differentes stations et les indices d'association interspecifique ont ete calcules. Les communautes d'Oligochetes sont echelonnees en fonction de deux gradients, l'altitude et la profondeur. Cette seriation, conditionnee par les facteurs climatiques et edaphiques, affecte la repartition qualitative et surtout quantitative des communautes benthiques.

Journal ArticleDOI
01 Jun 1974-Tellus A
TL;DR: In this article, the authors investigated the influence of precipitation scavenging processes on the variations of activity of radioactive elements of various origins (7Be, 32P, 90Sr, 210Pb, 210Po) at Toulouse in South-Western France, for several years (1965 to 1969) in ground-level air with samplings of short duration (1 to 4 days), as well as in precipitations and air in altitude.
Abstract: Radioactive elements of various origins (7Be, 32P, 90Sr, 210Pb, 210Po) have been measured at Toulouse in South-Western France, for several years (1965 to 1969) in ground-level air with samplings of short duration (1 to 4 days), as well as in precipitations and air in altitude. The study of results shows the very important influence of precipitation scavenging processes upon the variations of activity. As concerns 90Sr, the periodical variation connected with the exchanges between the stratosphere and the troposphere is confirmed, but it is shown that the increase recorded for 7Be and 32P in spring and summer, in ground-level air, is due to the variation in the precipitation scavenging processes and not to contributions from the stratosphere. In the case of 210Pb, moreover, the origin of the air mass must be taken into account. The 90Sr/7Be ratio, allowing to eliminate the influence of scavenging, is quite suitable to characterize the air coming from the stratosphere, but no evidence is found, in ground-level air, of any relation with the possibilities of downward influx from the stratosphere. As concerns the 7Be/32P ratio, the results show the existence of a seasonal variation (maximum in winter) likely due to vertical exchange processes. An important discrepancy is noticed between the theoretical and experimental values of this ratio. The results obtained at Toulouse are in good accordance with those found at the same latitude, but a comparison between the measurements obtained in various stations tends to prove that the vertical exchanges are decreasing in summer above the oceans. The vertical distribution of the 210Po/210Pb ratio, deduced from the measurements in precipitations, leads, for the vertical exchange coefficient Kz, to values of about 3 to 6 m2/s, and for the scavenging coefficient A1 (air-layer between 2 and 6 km), to values of about 1/30 to 1/40 d−1. Lastly, studies by simulation on models confirm the influence of the processes of precipitation scavenging and vertical exchanges.

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: The depolarization thermocurrent (DTC) method has been applied to the study of secondary relaxations within polymers in the glass-like state as mentioned in this paper, and the results obtained for polystyrene films prepared by a glow discharge in monomer vapour are presented as an example.

Journal ArticleDOI
01 Mar 1974-Planta
TL;DR: In this paper, the properties of two enzymes involved in the shikimic acid pathway, dehydroquinate hydro-lyase and shikimate: NADP(+) oxidoreductase were studied in different species of higher plants (pteridophytes, gymnosperms, angiosperms) using chromatography on Sephadex G 100, DEAE cellulose, hydroxylapatite and isoelectric focusing.
Abstract: The properties of two enzymes involved in the shikimic acid pathway, dehydroquinate hydro-lyase and shikimate: NADP(+) oxidoreductase were studied in different species of higher plants (pteridophytes, gymnosperms, angiosperms) using chromatography on Sephadex G 100, DEAE cellulose, hydroxylapatite and isoelectric focusing.The two enzymes were not separable by these methods, and we conclude that they exist as an aggregate in higher plants. Moreover, the behaviour of the complex is sometimes quite different according to the species, and these data support the notion of alloenzymes.This situation seems contrary to that found in procaryotic organisms in which all the enzymes of the pathway are separable and in fungi in which five enzymes are associated.These results are discussed in relation to evolution, the channeling function of such complexes and the metabolism of quinic acid in plants.

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: In this paper, angular low energy electron spectroscopy studies on cleaved NaCl surfaces are reported, showing absorption bands at 1.5, 2.7, and 3.8eV.

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: In this article, a methode de pseudo-potentiel is used for the determination of orbitales locales de valence des hydrures XH4 (X = C, Si, Ge, Sn, Pb) dans leur etat fondamental.
Abstract: Une methode de pseudo-potentiel est utilisee pour la determination des orbitales locales de valence des hydrures XH4 (X = C, Si, Ge, Sn, Pb) dans leur etat fondamental. Les orbitales locales sont des fonctions gaussiennes spheriques optimisees en position et en grandeur. Les valeurs calculees des longueurs de liaison X — H et des constantes de force pour le mode de vibration totalement symetrique sont en bon accord avec les valeurs experimentales lorsque celles-ci sont connues. De plus, une correlation entre les parametres des orbitales de valence et les electronegativites des elements X a ete mise en evidence.

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: In the Pyrenees, Micrasema morosum has a cycle vital dure un an, deux ans ou trois ans selon l'altitude as mentioned in this paper.
Abstract: Plusieurs populations des cinq especes pyreneennes de Micrasema sont etudiees dans des mousses d'eau courante. Micrasema morosum presente la plus large amplitude altitudinale. Son cycle vital dure un an, deux ans ou trois ans selon l'altitude. Les quatre autres Micrasema ont un cycle d'un an, avec de simples decalages des periodes de vol selon l'altitude. Au cours du developpement larvaire, on ne constate pas d'arret saisonnier dans l'alimentation. Les larves de premier stade se nourrissent d'algues periphytiques ; aux autres stades, des fragments de mousses et des algues periphytiques sont indistinctement consommes. En presence d'une abondante couverture de mousses, les larves se developpent presque exclusivement dans ce milieu. Dans le cas contraire, des deplacements peuvent etre observes entre les pierres et les mousses. Pour une meme cohorte, le taux de croissance en poids sec moyen est relativement constant en basse altitude mais varie au cours du cycle vital en moyenne et en haute altitude. Ces variations se reproduisent d'une cohorte a la suivante. De meme, les variations du taux de diminution des nombres se reproduisent, d'une maniere semblable, d'une cohorte a la suivante. Les trois methodes utilisees pour calculer la production de deux especes ont donne des resultats voisins. Des differences nettes apparaissent entre deux especes de Micrasema en une meme station de moyenne altitude. Pour une espece donnee, la production varie egalement d'une cohorte a la suivante : l'origine de ces variations est a rechercher au niveau de la sequence nymphe -adulte - ponte. En revanche, le rapport Production/Biomasse maximale parait constant et voisin de ceux mentionnes pour d'autres especes des Pyrenees centrales.


Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: In this article, an action depletive du cuivre sur les cellules a mucus au niveau des filaments branchiaux chez la Carpe, a ete mise en evidence.
Abstract: L'action depletive du cuivre sur les cellules a mucus au niveau des filaments branchiaux chez la Carpe, a ete mise en evidence. Cette depletion est suivie d'une inhibition des cellules mucosecretrices, levee seulement apres un retour aux conditions normales.

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: In this paper, the reaction of dicobalt octacarbonyl with tertiary phosphites gives several products, which have been interconverted by chemical means, leading to known binuclear compounds.

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: In this paper, the C4C5 conformation of the various 1,3,2-oxazaphospholane derivatives for which PMR parameters have been calculated previously is determined.
Abstract: Moyennant certaines hypotheses, il est possible de determiner la conformation au niveau du fragment C4C5 des differents derives de l'oxazaphospholane-1,3,2 dont les parametres de RMP ont ete prealablement calcules. By employing certain hypotheses, it is possible to determine the C4C5 conformation of the various 1,3,2-oxazaphospholane derivatives for which PMR parameters have been calculated previously.

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: In this paper, an experimental model of the density of states for both the valence and conduction bands was proposed based on the results of photoemission studies and band structure calculations, and the optical functions of NbSe2 and MoS2 were deduced from reflectivity measurements between 2 and 70 eV.
Abstract: The optical functions a and e2ω2 of NbSe2 and MoS2 are deduced from reflectivity measurements between 2 and 70 eV. Basing on the results of photoemission studies and band structure calculations, an experimental model is proposed of the density of states for both the valence and conduction bands. As expected, the optical behaviours of NbSe2 and MoS2 are very similar. The shape of the e;2ω2 curve in the high energy range (30 to 50 eV) corresponding to deep level excitations describes the density of states of the conduction band in spite of some broadening of the structure. This broadening is not of experimental origin. A partir de mesures du pouvoir reflecteur de NbSe2 et MoS2 entre 2 et 70 eV, nous avons deduit les fonctions optiques α et e2ω2. A l'aide des etudes photoelectriques, des calculs de bandes faits pour ces corps et de la courbe e2ω2, nous avons essaye de donner un modele experimental de densite d'etats pour la bande de valence et la bande de conduction, per-mettant d'expliquer les structures du spectre optique. Nous verifions ainsi que les comportements optiques de NbSe2 et MoS2 sont tres voisins. Dautre part, la courbe e2ω2 traduit bien dans le domaine des transitions internes (30 a 50 eV) la forme de la densite d'etats de la bande de conduction malgre un leger elargissement des structures de cette courbe. Cet elargissenient n'est pas d'origine experimentale.

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: In this article, the characteristic vibrations in IR and Raman spectra of 1-oxa-2-sila- (2-germa- or 2-stanna-)cyclopentanes and 1oxa, 2.germa, or 2stanna-)-3-cyclopentenes are compared.