Showing papers by "Paul Sabatier University published in 1986"
TL;DR: In this paper, the relationship between tectonics and sedimentation in the Pyrenees is expressed in the Mesozoic and Tertiary cyclicity and ten tecto-sedimentary cycles have been distinguished.
350 citations
TL;DR: The Betic-Rifian and the Tyrrhenian Arcs bound both ends of the Maghrebide Chain, their external zones originated from the South-Iberian, African and Apulian margins while the internal zones, with large basement nappes, originated from Alboran, Kabylian, Peloritan and Calabrian (ALKAPECA) South-European margins.
Abstract: The Betic-Rifian and the Tyrrhenian Arcs bound both ends of the Maghrebide Chain.,Their external zones originated from the South-Iberian, African and Apulian margins while the internal zones, with large basement nappes, originated from the Alboran, Kabylian, Peloritan and Calabrian (“ALKAPECA”) South-European margins. During the Alpine convergence of the European and African plates, ALKAPECA was cut into blocks. The ejection along strike-slip faults of the blocks issued from the Western and Eastern extremities of ALKAPECA gave rise to the Arc of Gibraltar and to the Tyrrhenian Arc. The Western block (Alboran) was deformed as it was introduced into the area, reducing continuously throughout time, between Europe and Africa and as it collided with more and more external zones. The Eastern block (Aeolian) has bent the initially continuous African and Apulian margins. The Tyrrhenian Arc could be predeterminated during Jurassic distensional events : it corresponds to the paleogeographic angle made by the Ligurian basin (NE-SW trending) and the Mograbin basin (E-W trending).
245 citations
TL;DR: A method and apparatus for performing high speed conversion of an analog signal into a binary digital code with a minimum of time consuming serially connected circuit operations or elements.
192 citations
TL;DR: This note proves the unicity of the proposed rule for the combination of uncertain items of information issued from several sources under an independence assumption.
Abstract: Dempster has proposed a rule for the combination of uncertain items of information issued from several sources. This note proves the unicity of this rule under an independence assumption. the existence of alternative rules is stressed, some corresponding to different assumptions, others pertaining to different types of combination.
180 citations
TL;DR: A relevant discontinuity of the coefficient of thermal expan sion has been observed for PMMAs various tacticities and a so-called α peak was observed at ~60°C and was widely discussed by Neki and Geil.
Abstract: J. M. Cariou, J. Dugas, L. Martin, and P. Michel Laboratoire de Physique des Solides, Associé au CNRS, Université Paul Sabatier, 31062 Toulouse CEDEX, France. Received 30 July 1985. 0003-6935/86/030334-03$02.00/0. © 1986 Optical Society of America. For polymers, the thermal volume expansion coefficient is always much higher than the coefficient for inorganic materials. We have recently shown that the variation of the refractive index of polymers vs temperature is essentially due to the variation of density. From the Lorentz-Lorenz relation, the function (n + 2)/(n 1) appears perfectly linear in the various temperature ranges where no phase transition occurs. The slope of the representative curve exactly follows the thermal expansion coefficient α which keeps a constant value in each temperature range. Thus, α may be easily deduced from the refractive-index measure ment at various temperatures. At the same time, the tem peratures where discontinuities of (n + 2)/(n 1 ) or its derivative appear conveniently fit with the transition tem peratures which may be so determined. A correct observation of such behavior is that the tempera ture variations are so slow that the material is continuously kept in thermal equilibrium. Indeed, it is well known that the various molecular processes which induce the transitions are characterized by very large relaxation times. If the material undergoes temperature changes too fast, it remains in a metastable state which is not a true equilibrium state. Waxier et al. have interferometrically measured some optical properties of Plexiglas and Lexan and determined the evolution of dn/dt, with the temperature between -160°C and +60°C. They obtained irregular but continu ous curves which do not evidence, even in a crude way, any systematic change in their behavior which may be related to a phase transition. Nevertheless, in the temperature range studied, at about -30°C PMMA (Plexiglas) undergoes the so-called β transition which is attributed to the beginning of the rotation of lateral chains of methacrylate radicals. A relevant discontinuity of the coefficient of thermal expan sion has been observed for PMMAs various tacticities. In the same way, for polycarbonate, the glass transition at 125°C is out of the temperature range studied by these authors. However a so-called α peak was observed at ~60°C and was widely discussed by Neki and Geil. No noticeable anomaly appears in the Waxier results. We have measured the refractive index of commercial samples of PMMA (Altuglas) and polycarbonate (Lexan) between about -100°C and +150°C. To avoid any stress which could take place by contact with another material, the measurement method chosen was the minimum deviation of a prism. The PMMA prism was drawn from bulk material
152 citations
TL;DR: A close relationship between cerebral blood flow (CBF) and capillary pressure was obtained and the quasilinear hyperbolic system of equations was numerically solved using the two-step Lax-Wendroff scheme.
119 citations
TL;DR: In this article, the conditional density of Y given X is estimated by the kernel method and it is shown that the (empirically determined) mode of the kernel estimate is uniformly convergent to the conditional mode function when the process is Φ-mixing.
103 citations
TL;DR: Hydroxyproline and the corresponding Hyp-rich glycoproteins (HRGP) increased in all infected dicotyledons studied but the extent varied according to the host species.
102 citations
TL;DR: A model micronucleus test system using peripheral blood erythrocytes from larvae of Pleurodeles waltl, which can be used as a monitoring system for the detection of fresh water pollution and for clastogen screening of chemical compounds.
Abstract: A model micronucleus test system using peripheral blood erythrocytes from larvae of Pleurodeles waltl is described. The most suitable larval stage for testing chemical treatments was determined. Larvae were reared in water containing one of the 4 compounds: benzo[a]pyrene (BaP), ethyl methanesulphonate (EMS), diethyl sulphate (DES) and N-ethyl-N'-nitro-N-nitrosoguanidine (ENNG). Response curves as a function of treatment duration over a period of 16 days were plotted for 3 different concentrations of the 4 compounds in order to optimize conditions for a low dose micronucleus test. This model can be used as a monitoring system for the detection of fresh water pollution and can also be employed for clastogen screening of chemical compounds. The test is sensitive, reliable and easy to use.
96 citations
TL;DR: An extension of PROLOG using modal logic is presented and a new deduction method is also given based on a rule closer to the classical inference rule ofPROLOG.
Abstract: In this paper we present an extension of PROLOG using modal logic. A new deduction method is also given based on a rule closer to the classical inference rule of PROLOG.
95 citations
TL;DR: Adsorption of bovine serum albumin on IRIS 3038 membranes was studied using iodine-125 labelled proteins, for pH values of 2.0, 4.7 and 7.2, and a concentration range from 0.1 to 50 g/l as mentioned in this paper.
TL;DR: Fungal elicitors, obtained from the mycelium of two plant pathogens, depolarized the plasmalemma of plant roots by reducing the electrogenic component of the membrane potential in agreement with the hypothesis that elicitors act at the cell surface level.
TL;DR: In this paper, resistivity p decreases linearly between 300 and 30 K and then follows a T 2 law down to 5 K where a metallic state is stabilized with p; = 15 μωcm.
Abstract: Superconductivity is observed at 1.62 K by resistive measurements on the three dimensional molecular conductor tetrathiofulvalene bis-[bis-(4,5 dimercapto- 1,3- dithiole -2- thione) Nickel (II)] under an hydrostatic pressure of 7 kbar. Resistivity p decreases linearly between 300 and 30 K and then follows a T 2 law down to 5 K where a metallic state is stabilized with p; = 15 μωcm. The width of the superconductive transition is rather large (.57 K) and sample seem to be inhomogeneous. At 400 mK, the critical current density is greater than 12 A/cm 2 . Transverse magnetic fields parallel to the c axis of 1.3 and 2.8 T restore the normal state at 1.08 K and 400 mK respectively. Specific features of this molecular superconductor are compared with quasi Id organic conductors behaviours.
TL;DR: A model for the organization of wild boar populations, which would be formed by "nuclei" presenting environment-dependent densities is proposed, and seasonal variations in the counts of activity signs as well as in the number ofWild boar sightings suggest correlated variations of density.
Patent•
04 Mar 1986TL;DR: In this article, a pressure sensor implanted into the skull to emit an electrical signal representing the intra-cranial pressure is described, which is of the type which includes on one hand a test body comprising a deforming diaphragm and of an undeforming guard ring.
Abstract: The invention relates to a pressure sensor implanted into the skull to emit an electrical signal representing the intra-cranial pressure; this sensor is of the type which includes on one hand a test body (1) comprising a deforming diaphragm (3) and of an undeforming guard ring (2), and on the other hand a deformation detector (5) associated with the diaphragm; the test body (1) is made of an integral piece, in particular plastic, and has a continuous front side (1a) which preferably is planar; the mechanical and dimensional properties of the constituent plastic are matched in such a manner that under the maximum pressure of 30 kilopascals, the diaphragm deflection is within a predetermined range; within this range, the dura mater pressed by the sensor transmits faithfully the intracranial pressure with adequate sensitivity to employ a resistive type transducer which simultaneously is simple, rugged compact and economical.
TL;DR: In this article, the refractive index variations of PMMA, polystyrene, and poly-(methyl pentene), three transparent polymers having various morphologies, have been measured between about -100°C and +150°C.
Abstract: The refractive indexes of PMMA, polystyrene, and poly-(methyl pentene), three transparent polymers having various morphologies, have been measured between about -100°C and +150°C The prism method was used in order to make the sample quite free of any contact and mechanical interaction Thermally stimulated current experiments were concurrently performed to observe and to confirm the existence of the transitions occurring in the various samples It is verified that the refractive index variations, on the one hand, perfectly follow the Lorentz-Lorenz law and, on the other hand, systematically exhibit anomalies every time a morphological change temperature is overstepped by the material So, it is shown that measurement of the thermal variations of the refractive index of polymers is another means to follow the behavior of their specific volume while avoiding the application of any stress from the experimental device
TL;DR: In this paper, a theoretical model for capacitance and transconductance frequency dispersion in MESFETs at low drain bias is developed and compared with experimental data obtained on commercial and special devices, and the results are consistent with a model in which the surface states have a density N SS in the range of 10 13 cm −2 eV −1 and are distributed over a depth of approximately 100 A below the surface.
Abstract: A theoretical model is developed for capacitance and transconductance frequency dispersion in MESFETs at low drain bias and is compared with experimental data obtained on commercial and special devices. It is shown that the results are consistent with a model in which the surface states have a density N SS in the range of 10 13 cm −2 eV −1 and are distributed over a depth of approximately 100 A below the surface. It is found that a small N SS contributes to an increase of the g m dispersion and that the dispersion is minimized in recessed gate structures. Finally it is emphasized that g m frequency measurements are very convenient for surface characterization and mostly for the evaluation of the spatial distribution of the interface traps when other techniques are inoperative.
TL;DR: Melon leaves or seedlings with elicitors of Colletotrichum lagenarium, a fungal pathogen of melon, increases chitinase activity, which is thought to be a protein synthesis dependent process.
Abstract: Treatment of melon leaves or seedlings with elicitors of Colletotrichum lagenarium, a fungal pathogen of melon, increases chitinase activity In treated leaves, chitinase is enhanced within the first 6 hours and becomes 2 to 10 times higher than in control leaves after 24 hours Ethylene is increased simultaneously and is correlated with chitinase elicitation In the presence of aminoethoxyvinylglycine, an inhibitor of ethylene synthesis, both elicitor-induced ethylene and elicitor-induced chitinase are inhibited This inhibition is overcome by added exogenous ethylene On the other hand, 1-aminocyclopropane-1-carboxylic acid the direct precursor of ethylene, triggers chitinase activity Chitinase elicitation is thought to be a protein synthesis dependent process, as it does not occur in the presence of cycloheximide
TL;DR: The preparation and electrical conductivity studies of a series of organometallic polymers derived from the ethylene tetrathiolate anion are described in this article, where different possible formation mechanisms of the polymers are discussed.
TL;DR: In this article, the structural history of the Hercynian Pyrenees is considered with respect to the relationships between the metamorphism and the successive deformations, the characteristics and mode of emplacement of the gneissic and anatectic cores of the Metamorphic domes, the migmatization and the intrusions of plutonic and basic and ultrabasic rocks.
TL;DR: In this paper, a detailed mineralogical investigation using the classical methods of identification by X-ray diffraction and by optical properties in thin sections, has revealed thirty one phosphate minerals occurring in the Tsaobismund pegmatite.
Abstract: A detailed mineralogical investigation using the classical methods of identification by X-ray diffraction and by optical properties in thin sections, has revealed thirty one phosphate minerals occurring in the Tsaobismund pegmatite. This investigation is complemented by wet chemical and, mainly, electron microprobe analyses performed on the phosphates known to be typomorphic or considered to be relevant to the hydrothermal alteration. Additionally, microprobe analyses are also given for garnet, gahnite, and ferrocolumbite associated with the phosphates. On the basis of their chemical composition, particularly in terms of their Fe, Mn, and Mg contents, three types of triphylites are distinguished. Triphylite 1 only occurs as a primary phase, triphylite 2 shows exsolution lamellae of sarcopside, and triphylite 3 is partly replaced by a fluorophosphate of the triplite-zwieselite series. These minerals constitute three generations of the parent phases, which were progressively transformed by metasomatic processes, hydrothermal alteration, and by weathering, to give finally three types of complex associations. The Li(Fe,Mn)PO4 minerals appear to be more sensitive to such transformations than those of the (Fe,Mn)2PO4F series. Four main stages of hydrothermal alteration processes have been recognized in the Tsaobismund pegmatite: (i) the Mason-Quensel sequence results from a progressive oxidation of Fe and Mn, and a concomitant Li-leaching of triphylite yielding ferrisicklerite and heterosite, successively; (ii) the metasomatic exchange of Na for Li produces alluaudite; in the present case, the formation of hagendorfite from triphylite 2 is considered to be earlier than the generation of alluaudite-Na□ occurring in the three associations; (iii) the hydration phase mainly transforms the parent Li(Fe,Mn)PO4 phase into grey hureaulite, associated with barbosalite and tavorite; (iv) the formation of fluorapatite, not particularly widespread, replaces alluaudite-Na□, as well as zwieselite s.l. The following crystallization sequence of the initially formed phosphate minerals is proposed: triphylite 1 → triphylite 2 + sarcopside (associated with garnet) → triphylite 3 + zwieselite s.l. The most prominent feature of this succession is the increase in the Mg and Zn contents in the composition of the phosphates, as well as the decrease in their Li contents. The variations of the Fe/Mn ratios in this sequence are discussed. The succession triphylite-zwieselite within weakly differentiated and Li-poor pegmatites is of general significance.
TL;DR: The use of computer simulation techniques for assessing the percentage distribution of metal ions in biological fluids has been questioned on the grounds of observed discrepancies between such simulations and the results obtained experimentally by Neumann and Sass-Kortsak in their pioneering work on low-molecular-weight copper in reconstituted human serum as mentioned in this paper.
TL;DR: In this paper, a study of calcium phosphate hydroxyapatite with the thermally stimulated currents methods (TSC) has led to the conclusion that the reorientable dipoles responsible for the dielectric properties measured are the structural OH − ions in the "tunnels".
TL;DR: The results confirmed that exposure of MCF-7 human breast cancer cells to phorbol ester 12-O-tetradecanoyl-13-acetate results in a complete inhibition of cell proliferation and the effect of TPA on protein kinase C activity is investigated.
TL;DR: Using a subset of these conditions improves upon the disaggregation procedure proposed by Bitran and Hax, and gives special attention to the consistency of decisions in a two-level structure.
Abstract: This paper deals with the planning process of a manufacturing system in which the aggregation of products sharing similar characteristics leads to a hierarchical structure. It gives special attention to the consistency of decisions in a two-level structure, and presents necessary and sufficient conditions for consistency of a disaggregation procedure. Using a subset of these conditions improves upon the disaggregation procedure proposed by Bitran and Hax Bitran, G. R., A. C. Hax. 1981. Disaggregation and resource allocation using convex knapsack problems with bounded variables. Mgmt. Sci.27 431-441..
TL;DR: In this paper, the authors define valence virtual MOs to perform full CAS CI or to use them in other approximate CI expansions, and compare the quality of their MO sets at the valence CAS CI level and through the convergence of the iterative multireference second-order Moller-Plesset CIPSI algorithm.
TL;DR: The Giotto spacecraft detected the first cometary ions at a distance of about 1.05 million km from the nucleus of comet Halley by using the heavy ion analyzer RPA2-PICCA as mentioned in this paper.
Abstract: The heavy-ion analyzer, RPA2-PICCA, aboard the Giotto spacecraft, detected the first cometary ions at a distance of about 1.05 million km from the nucleus of comet Halley. In the inner coma the major ions identified are associated with the H2O, CO and CO2 groups. Ions of larger atomic mass unit are also present, corresponding possibly to various hydrocarbons, heavy metals of the iron-group or to sulphur compounds.
TL;DR: In this article, the flexibility of the polymer chain was found to be an important factor in determining the degree of fouling in the ultrafiltration of poly(acrylic acid) (PAA) solutions, as the effects observed were dependent on the pH and cation concentration.
TL;DR: The correlation that was observed between the relative potencies of the various phorbol derivatives for inhibiting both PDBu binding and cell proliferation, suggests that tumor promoterphorbol esters may induce growth arrest in MCF-7 cells by the mediation of protein kinase C.