Paul Sabatier University

About: Paul Sabatier University is a education organization based out in Toulouse, France. It is known for research contribution in the topics: Population & Adipose tissue. The organization has 15431 authors who have published 23386 publications receiving 858364 citations.

Numerical Forecasting of Radiation Fog. Part I: Numerical Model and Sensitivity Tests

Abstract: To improve the forecast of dense radiative fogs, a method has been developed using a one-dimensional model of the nocturnal boundary layer forced by the mesoscale fields provided by a 3D limited-area operational model. The 1D model involves a treatment of soil-atmosphere exchanges and a parameterization of turbulence in stable layers in order to correctly simulate the nocturnal atmospheric cooling. Various sensitivity tests have been carried out to evaluate the influence of the main input parameters of the model (geostrophic wind, horizontal advections, cloud cover, soil moisture, etc.) on the predicted fog characteristics. The principal result concerns the difficulty of obtaining accurate forecasts in the case of fog appearing in the middle or at the end of the night, when the local atmospheric cooling is weak.

Continuous carbide-derived carbon films with high volumetric capacitance

Abstract: Monolithic porous carbon film has a great potential for integrated supercapacitors due to no polymer binder, reduced macropore volume, and good adhesion between current collector and active material. It is demonstrated that continuous carbide-derived carbon (CDC) films can be synthesized on various substrates by dry etching. CDC films show high volumetric capacitance of ∼180 F cm−3 in 1.5 M TEABF4/acetonitrile electrolyte.

Photoluminescence and resonant raman spectra of silicon films produced by size-selected cluster beam deposition

Abstract: Silicon clusters and nanocrystals have been generated by CO 2-laser-induced decomposition of SiH 4 in a flow reactor. By introducing a conical nozzle into the reaction zone, the clusters are extracted into a molecularbeam machine and analyzed with a time-of-flight mass spectrometer ~TOFMS!. Since the clusters have a size-dependent velocity, a mechanical velocity selector is used to further narrow their size distribution and to select a specific mean size. Employing this technique, silicon clusters with different preselected mean sizes have been deposited at low energy on various substrates. Photoluminescence ~PL! and resonant Raman spectra of the resulting films are presented. The crystallite sizes deduced from the Raman spectra confirm the TOFMS measurements. The PL spectra are shifted with decreasing cluster size to smaller wavelengths. Our results agree very well with theoretical predictions for silicon quantum dots. @S0163-1829~97!08035-1#

Evolutionary paths underlying flower color variation in Antirrhinum.

Abstract: To understand evolutionary paths connecting diverse biological forms, we defined a three-dimensional genotypic space separating two flower color morphs of Antirrhinum. A hybrid zone between morphs showed a steep cline specifically at genes controlling flower color differences, indicating that these loci are under selection. Antirrhinum species with diverse floral phenotypes formed a U-shaped cloud within the genotypic space. We propose that this cloud defines an evolutionary path that allows flower color to evolve while circumventing less-adaptive regions. Hybridization between morphs located in different arms of the U-shaped path yields low-fitness genotypes, accounting for the observed steep clines at hybrid zones.