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Institution

Paul Sabatier University

EducationToulouse, France
About: Paul Sabatier University is a education organization based out in Toulouse, France. It is known for research contribution in the topics: Population & Adipose tissue. The organization has 15431 authors who have published 23386 publications receiving 858364 citations.


Papers
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Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: The data show that oligodendrogenesis is not only regulated by ventral inductive signals such as Shh, but also by dorsal inhibiting signals including BMP factors, and suggest that the dorsoventral position of OLPs depends on a tightly regulated balance between Shh and BMP activities.
Abstract: In the vertebrate spinal cord, oligodendrocytes originate from a restricted region of the ventral neuroepithelium. This ventral localisation of oligodendrocyte precursors (OLPs) depends on the inductive influence of sonic hedgehog (Shh) secreted by ventral midline cells. We have investigated whether the ventral restriction of OLP specification might also depend on inhibiting signals mediated by bone morphogenetic proteins (BMPs). BMPs invariably and markedly inhibited oligodendrocyte development in ventral neural tissue both in vitro and in vivo. Conversely, in vivo ablation of the dorsal most part of the chick spinal cord or inactivation of BMP signalling using grafts of noggin-producing cells promoted the appearance of neuroepithelial OLPs dorsal to their normal domain of emergence, showing that endogenous BMPs contribute to the inhibition of oligodendrocyte development in the spinal cord. BMPs were able to oppose the Shh-mediated induction of OLPs in spinal cord neuroepithelial explants dissected before oligodendrocyte induction, suggesting that BMPs may repress OLP specification by interfering with Shh signalling in vivo. Strikingly, among the transcription factors involved in OLP specification, BMP treatment strongly inhibited the expression of Olig2 but not of Nkx2.2, suggesting that BMP-mediated inhibition of oligodendrogenesis is controlled through the repression of the former transcription factor. Altogether, our data show that oligodendrogenesis is not only regulated by ventral inductive signals such as Shh, but also by dorsal inhibiting signals including BMP factors. They suggest that the dorsoventral position of OLPs depends on a tightly regulated balance between Shh and BMP activities.

161 citations

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: This study demonstrates the applicability of L-VOD to monitor the dynamics of carbon loss and gain due to weather variations, and the importance of the highly dynamic and vulnerable carbon pool of dryland savannahs for the global carbon balance, despite the relatively low carbon stock per unit area.
Abstract: The African continent is facing one of the driest periods in the past three decades as well as continued deforestation. These disturbances threaten vegetation carbon (C) stocks and highlight the need for improved capabilities of monitoring large-scale aboveground carbon stock dynamics. Here we use a satellite dataset based on vegetation optical depth derived from low-frequency passive microwaves (L-VOD) to quantify annual aboveground biomass-carbon changes in sub-Saharan Africa between 2010 and 2016. L-VOD is shown not to saturate over densely vegetated areas. The overall net change in drylands (53% of the land area) was −0.05 petagrams of C per year (Pg C yr−1) associated with drying trends, and a net change of −0.02 Pg C yr−1 was observed in humid areas. These trends reflect a high inter-annual variability with a very dry year in 2015 (net change, −0.69 Pg C) with about half of the gross losses occurring in drylands. This study demonstrates, first, the applicability of L-VOD to monitor the dynamics of carbon loss and gain due to weather variations, and second, the importance of the highly dynamic and vulnerable carbon pool of dryland savannahs for the global carbon balance, despite the relatively low carbon stock per unit area.

161 citations

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: This work introduces the notion of combinatorial vote, where a group of agents (or voters) is supposed to express preferences and come to a common decision concerning a set of non-independent variables to assign.
Abstract: We introduce the notion of combinatorial vote, where a group of agents (or voters) is supposed to express preferences and come to a common decision concerning a set of non-independent variables to assign. We study two key issues pertaining to combinatorial vote, namely preference representation and the automated choice of an optimal decision. For each of these issues, we briefly review the state of the art, we try to define the main problems to be solved and identify their computational complexity.

161 citations

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: The chaining of conditional rules is proved to be transitive when the authors choose a continuous triangular norm as conjunctive operation and Zadeh's generalized modus ponens is thoroughly reconsidered in the framework of possibility theory.
Abstract: After a background on the use of triangular norms in multiple-valued logics, a systematic investigation of implication functions based on triangular norms is carried out; five families of implication functions are considered. Then Zadeh's generalized modus ponens is thoroughly reconsidered in the framework of possibility theory. It is pointed out that the choice of the implication function for representing the rule “if X is A, then Y is B” is completely determined by the choice of the conjunctive operation used for aggregating an a priori possibility distribution with a conditional possibility distribution. The chaining of conditional rules is proved to be transitive when we choose a continuous triangular norm as conjunctive operation. The generalized modus tollens, the treatment of truth-qualified rules and the processing of a collection of conditional rules providing an incomplete description of a causal link, are studied in detail. Finally the generalized modus ponens, as a pattern of deductive reasoni...

161 citations

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: A review of English-language literature dealing with the link between cardiovascular factors and shift workers (published during 2000-2010) was conducted, finding an impact of shift work on blood pressure, lipid profile, metabolic syndrome and, possibly, body mass index is unclear.

161 citations


Authors

Showing all 15486 results

NameH-indexPapersCitations
Yury Gogotsi171956144520
Tobin J. Marks1591621111604
L. Montier13840397094
Jean-Paul Kneib13880589287
Olivier Forni13754895819
J. Aumont13129995006
Julian I. Schroeder12031550323
Bruno Vellas118101170667
Christopher G. Goetz11665159510
Didier Dubois11374254741
Alain Dufresne11135845904
Henri Prade10891754583
Louis Bernatchez10656835682
Walter Wahli10536549372
Patrice D. Cani10037049523
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Performance
Metrics
No. of papers from the Institution in previous years
YearPapers
202332
202293
2021759
2020753
2019728
2018622