Paul Sabatier University

About: Paul Sabatier University is a education organization based out in Toulouse, France. It is known for research contribution in the topics: Population & Catalysis. The organization has 15431 authors who have published 23386 publications receiving 858364 citations.

The global dust SED: Tracing the nature and evolution of dust with DustEM

Abstract: The Planck and Herschel missions are currently measuring the farIR-mm emission of dust, which combined with existing IR data, will for the first time provide the full SED of the galactic ISM dust emission with an unprecedented sensitivity and angular resolution. It will allow a systematic study of the dust evolution processes that affect the SED. Here we present a versatile numerical tool, DustEM, that predicts the emission and extinction of dust given their size distribution and their optical and thermal properties. In order to model dust evolution, DustEM has been designed to deal with a variety of grain types, structures and size distributions and to be able to easily include new dust physics. We use DustEM to model the dust SED and extinction in the diffuse interstellar medium at high-galactic latitude (DHGL), a natural reference SED. We present a coherent set of observations for the DHGL SED. The dust components in our DHGL model are (i) PAHs, (ii) amorphous carbon and (iii) amorphous silicates. We use amorphous carbon dust, rather than graphite, because it better explains the observed high abundances of gas-phase carbon in shocked regions of the interstellar medium. Using the DustEM model, we illustrate how, in the optically thin limit, the IRAS/Planck HFI (and likewise Spitzer/Herschel for smaller spatial scales) photometric band ratios of the dust SED can disentangle the influence of the exciting radiation field intensity and constrain the abundance of small grains relative to the larger grains. We also discuss the contributions of the different grain populations to the IRAS, Planck and Herschel channels. Such information is required to enable a study of the evolution of dust as well as to systematically extract the dust thermal emission from CMB data and to analyze the emission in the Planck polarized channels. The DustEM code described in this paper is publically available.

Nanoarchitectured Graphene‐Based Supercapacitors for Next‐Generation Energy‐Storage Applications

Abstract: Tremendous development in the field of portable electronics and hybrid electric vehicles has led to urgent and increasing demand in the field of high-energy storage devices. In recent years, many research efforts have been made for the development of more efficient energy-storage devices such as supercapacitors, batteries, and fuel cells. In particular, supercapacitors have great potential to meet the demands of both high energy density and power density in many advanced technologies. For the last half decade, graphene has attracted intense research interest for electrical double-layer capacitor (EDLC) applications. The unique electronic, thermal, mechanical, and chemical characteristics of graphene, along with the intrinsic benefits of a carbon material, make it a promising candidate for supercapacitor applications. This Review focuses on recent research developments in graphene-based supercapacitors, including doped graphene, activated graphene, graphene/metal oxide composites, graphene/polymer composites, and graphene-based asymmetric supercapacitors. The challenges and prospects of graphene-based supercapacitors are also discussed.