Paul Sabatier University

About: Paul Sabatier University is a education organization based out in Toulouse, France. It is known for research contribution in the topics: Population & Adipose tissue. The organization has 15431 authors who have published 23386 publications receiving 858364 citations.

Additions of interactive fuzzy numbers

Abstract: This paper provides an account of an approach to modeling unknown data by means of fuzzy-set theory, and addresses the problem of deriving the uncertainty, on a sum of variables whose values lie within fuzzy intervals. The first part is an extensive presentation of the theoretical background of the approach: the extension principle is stated in terms of possibility of an event; the concept of variable interaction is investigated at length. Section II gives new results regarding the effective practical computation of additions of fuzzy numbers. Its originality lies in the introduction of interaction which enables to control the growth of uncertainty, in calculations. Moreover, the problem of computing mathematical expectations with fuzzy probabilities is solved. The results derived in this paper can easily be used in decision problems where values of parameters or decision variables are not yet precisely fixed or assessed. Typical applications could be multicriteria optimization and decision making under uncertainty where fuzzy expected utilities can be obtained out of uncompletely assessed probabilities. More generally, fuzzy arithmetic can be an important tool for sophisticated, computationally tractable sensitivity analysis in systems modeling, computer-aided design and operations research.

Topological patterns in street networks of self-organized urban settlements

Abstract: Many urban settlements result from a spatially distributed, decentralized building process. Here we analyze the topological patterns of organization of a large collection of such settlements using the approach of complex networks. The global efficiency (based on the inverse of shortest-path lengths), robustness to disconnections and cost (in terms of length) of these graphs is studied and their possible origins analyzed. A wide range of patterns is found, from tree-like settlements (highly vulnerable to random failures) to meshed urban patterns. The latter are shown to be more robust and efficient.

Is cribra orbitalia synonymous with anemia? Analysis and interpretation of cranial pathology in Sudan

Abstract: Cribra orbitalia is a porotic or sieve-like lesion in the bony orbital roof. Its cause has been the object of research and discussion since the end of the 19th century. Since about 1960, most scientists have started to agree on the hypothesis that the lesion is a result of hypertrophy of the red bone marrow, and therefore is proof of anemia. However, recent investigations showed that in some cases, the histologic bone structure does not support the diagnosis of anemia. The status of cribra orbitalia as an indicator then becomes uncertain. We carried out a histologic examination of thin-ground sections in polarized light to clarify the possible sources of orbital roof lesions in a Nubian population from Missiminia, northern Sudan (n = 333). In at least 56.5% of cribra orbitalia cases, there were no histologic features indicating changes due to anemia. Signs of other pathological conditions, such as inflammation or osteoporosis, as well as pseudopathological cases, were found.

Singlet diradicals: from transition states to crystalline compounds.

Abstract: Singlet diradicals are usually not energy minima. As observed by femtosecond spectroscopy, they readily couple to form σ bonds. Substituent effects allow lifetimes to increase into the microsecond range. Taking advantage of the properties of hetero-elements, a diradical has been prepared that is indefinitely stable at room temperature. The availability of diradicals that can be handled under standard laboratory conditions will lead to further insight into their chemical and physical properties, raising the likelihood of practical applications, especially in the field of molecular materials such as electrical conductors and ferromagnets.