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Institution

Paul Scherrer Institute

FacilityVilligen, Switzerland
About: Paul Scherrer Institute is a facility organization based out in Villigen, Switzerland. It is known for research contribution in the topics: Neutron & Large Hadron Collider. The organization has 9248 authors who have published 23984 publications receiving 890129 citations. The organization is also known as: PSI.


Papers
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Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: Based on the crystal packing and studies with mutant rsJAM, a model for homophilic adhesion of JAM is proposed and U‐shaped JAM dimers are oriented in cis on the cell surface and form a two‐dimensional network by trans‐interactions of their N‐terminal domains with JAMDimers from an opposite cell surface.
Abstract: Junctional adhesion molecules (JAMs) are a family of immunoglobulin-like single-span transmembrane molecules that are expressed in endothelial cells, epithelial cells, leukocytes and myocardia. JAM has been suggested to contribute to the adhesive function of tight junctions and to regulate leukocyte trans migration. We describe the crystal structure of the recombinant extracellular part of mouse JAM (rsJAM) at 2.5 A resolution. rsJAM consists of two immunoglobulin-like domains that are connected by a conformationally restrained short linker. Two rsJAM molecules form a U-shaped dimer with highly complementary interactions between the N-terminal domains. Two salt bridges are formed in a complementary manner by a novel dimerization motif, R(V,I,L)E, which is essential for the formation of rsJAM dimers in solution and common to the known members of the JAM family. Based on the crystal packing and studies with mutant rsJAM, we propose a model for homophilic adhesion of JAM. In this model, U-shaped JAM dimers are oriented in cis on the cell surface and form a two-dimensional network by trans-interactions of their N-terminal domains with JAM dimers from an opposite cell surface.

237 citations

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: In this paper, an operando X-ray diffraction experiment was used to identify signatures of polysulfides adsorbed on the surface of a glass-fibre separator and monitor their evolution during cycling.
Abstract: In the on going quest towards lithium-battery chemistries beyond the lithium-ion technology, the lithium–sulfur system is emerging as one of the most promising candidates. The major outstanding challenge on the route to commercialization is controlling the so-called polysulfide shuttle, which is responsible for the poor cycling efficiency of the current generation of lithium–sulfur batteries. However, the mechanistic understanding of the reactions underlying the polysulfide shuttle is still incomplete. Here we report the direct observation of lithium polysulfides in a lithium–sulfur cell during operation by means of operando X-ray diffraction. We identify signatures of polysulfides adsorbed on the surface of a glass-fibre separator and monitor their evolution during cycling. Furthermore, we demonstrate that the adsorption of the polysulfides onto SiO2 can be harnessed for buffering the polysulfide redox shuttle. The use of fumed silica as an electrolyte additive therefore significantly improves the specific charge and Coulombic efficiency of lithium–sulfur batteries. The presence of polysulfides in Li–S batteries is highly relevant to the battery performance, but their formation and evolution during battery operation are not well understood. Here the authors design an operando X-ray diffraction experiment to reveal their reaction mechanisms.

237 citations

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: In this paper, the authors investigated the distribution of coronal rates in energy and its relation to activity indicators and rotation parameters in the Extreme Ultraviolet Explorer Deep Survey observations of cool stars (spectral type F to M) and found that the superposition of these stars with radiated energies of about 1029¨1031 ergs could explain the observed radiative power loss of these coronae, while the detected power laws are contributing only 10%.
Abstract: Extreme Ultraviolet Explorer Deep Survey observations of cool stars (spectral type F to M) have been used to investigate the distribution of coronal —are rates in energy and its relation to activity indicators and rotation parameters. Cumulative and diUerential —are rate distributions were constructed and —tted with diUerent methods. Power laws are found to approximately describe the distributions. A trend toward —atter distributions for later type stars is suggested in our sample. Assuming that the power laws continue below the detection limit, we have estimated that the superposition of —ares with radiated ener- gies of about 1029¨1031 ergs could explain the observed radiative power loss of these coronae, while the detected —ares are contributing only B10%. Although the power-law index is not correlated with rota- tion parameters (rotation period, projected rotational velocity, Rossby number) and only marginally with the X-ray luminosity, the —are occurrence rate is correlated with all of them. The occurrence rate of —ares with energies larger than 1032 ergs is found to be proportional to the average total stellar X-ray luminosity. Thus, energetic —ares occur more often in X-ray bright stars than in X-ray faint stars. The normalized occurrence rate of —ares with energies larger than 1032 ergs increases with increasing L X /L bol and stays constant for saturated stars. A similar saturation is found below a critical Rossby number. The —ndings are discussed in terms of simple statistical —are models in an attempt to explain the previously observed trend for higher average coronal temperatures in more active stars. It is concluded that —ares can contribute a signi—cant amount of energy to coronal heating in active stars. Subject headings: stars: activitystars: coronaestars: —arestars: late-typestars: rotation ¨ X-rays: stars

237 citations

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: The effect of OH aging is isolated, confirming the hypothesis that hydroxyl radical (OH) aging significantly increases the concentration of first-generation biogenic secondary organic aerosol (SOA), and can be described by a mechanism suitable for implementation in models.
Abstract: The Multiple Chamber Aerosol Chemical Aging Study (MUCHACHAS) tested the hypothesis that hydroxyl radical (OH) aging significantly increases the concentration of first-generation biogenic secondary organic aerosol (SOA). OH is the dominant atmospheric oxidant, and MUCHACHAS employed environmental chambers of very different designs, using multiple OH sources to explore a range of chemical conditions and potential sources of systematic error. We isolated the effect of OH aging, confirming our hypothesis while observing corresponding changes in SOA properties. The mass increases are consistent with an existing gap between global SOA sources and those predicted in models, and can be described by a mechanism suitable for implementation in those models.

236 citations

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: This work employs a wavefront manipulation concept with focusing optimization leading to spatio-temporal confinement of terahertz energy at its physical limits to the least possible three-dimensional light bullet volume of wavelength-cubic.
Abstract: Bright terahertz sources confined to diffraction-limited spot sizes are needed for nonlinear applications but focusing in this regime is challenging. Here, Shalaby and Hauri use terahertz wavefront manipulation combined with focusing optimization to achieve three-dimensional terahertz bullets.

236 citations


Authors

Showing all 9348 results

NameH-indexPapersCitations
Andrea Bocci1722402176461
Tobin J. Marks1591621111604
Wolfgang Wagner1562342123391
David D'Enterria1501592116210
Andreas Pfeiffer1491756131080
Christoph Grab1441359144174
Maurizio Pierini1431782104406
Alexander Belyaev1421895100796
Ajit Kumar Mohanty141112493062
Felicitas Pauss1411623104493
Chiara Mariotti141142698157
Luc Pape1411441130253
Rainer Wallny1411661105387
Roland Horisberger1391471100458
Emmanuelle Perez138155099016
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Performance
Metrics
No. of papers from the Institution in previous years
YearPapers
202363
2022199
20211,299
20201,442
20191,330
20181,298