Institution
Paul Scherrer Institute
Facility•Villigen, Switzerland•
About: Paul Scherrer Institute is a facility organization based out in Villigen, Switzerland. It is known for research contribution in the topics: Neutron & Large Hadron Collider. The organization has 9248 authors who have published 23984 publications receiving 890129 citations. The organization is also known as: PSI.
Topics: Neutron, Large Hadron Collider, Aerosol, Magnetization, Muon
Papers published on a yearly basis
Papers
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TL;DR: Combined measurements of the production and decay rates of the Higgs boson, as well as its couplings to vector bosons and fermions, are presented and constraints are placed on various two Higgs doublet models.
Abstract: Combined measurements of the production and decay rates of the Higgs boson, as well as its couplings to vector bosons and fermions, are presented. The analysis uses the LHC proton–proton collision data set recorded with the CMS detector in 2016 at $\sqrt{s}=13\,\text {Te}\text {V} $ , corresponding to an integrated luminosity of 35.9 ${\,\text {fb}^{-1}} $ . The combination is based on analyses targeting the five main Higgs boson production mechanisms (gluon fusion, vector boson fusion, and associated production with a $\mathrm {W}$ or $\mathrm {Z}$ boson, or a top quark-antiquark pair) and the following decay modes: $\mathrm {H} \rightarrow \gamma \gamma $ , $\mathrm {Z}\mathrm {Z}$ , $\mathrm {W}\mathrm {W}$ , $\mathrm {\tau }\mathrm {\tau }$ , $\mathrm {b} \mathrm {b} $ , and $\mathrm {\mu }\mathrm {\mu }$ . Searches for invisible Higgs boson decays are also considered. The best-fit ratio of the signal yield to the standard model expectation is measured to be $\mu =1.17\pm 0.10$ , assuming a Higgs boson mass of $125.09\,\text {Ge}\text {V} $ . Additional results are given for various assumptions on the scaling behavior of the production and decay modes, including generic parametrizations based on ratios of cross sections and branching fractions or couplings. The results are compatible with the standard model predictions in all parametrizations considered. In addition, constraints are placed on various two Higgs doublet models.
451 citations
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TL;DR: Mhanol protection is identified as being indispensable for future research on homogeneous and heterogeneous catalysis by establishing the severe limitations related to the direct catalytic synthesis of methanol from methane.
Abstract: Despite the large number of disparate approaches for the direct selective partial oxidation of methane, none of them has translated into an industrial process. The oxidation of methane to methanol is a difficult, but intriguing and rewarding, task as it has the potential to eliminate the prevalent natural gas flaring by providing novel routes to its valorization. This Review considers the synthesis of methanol and methanol derivatives from methane by homogeneous and heterogeneous pathways. By establishing the severe limitations related to the direct catalytic synthesis of methanol from methane, we highlight the vastly superior performance of systems which produce methanol derivatives or incorporate specific measures, such as the use of multicomponent catalysts to stabilize methanol. We thereby identify methanol protection as being indispensable for future research on homogeneous and heterogeneous catalysis.
451 citations
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TL;DR: In this article, the pathophysiology of fatigue in MS patients was investigated using PET and 18F-fluorodeoxyglucose (18F-18F) to assess cerebral glucose metabolism (CMRGlu) in 47 MS patients.
Abstract: To investigate the pathophysiology of fatigue in MS, we assessed cerebral glucose metabolism (CMR-Glu) in 47 MS patients using PET and 18F-fluorodeoxyglucose. Applying the Fatigue Severity Scale (FSS), we first compared MS patients with severe fatigue (MS-FAT, n = 19, FSS > 4.9) and MS patients without fatigue (MS-NOF, n = 16, FSS < 3.7) on a pixel-by-pixel basis using Statistical Parametric Mapping (SPM95). Second, we compared FSS values of all 47 patients covering the whole range of this scale with CMRGlu using an analysis of covariance (SPM95). In addition, we determined global CMRGlu by region-of-interest analysis. Sixteen healthy subjects served as control subjects (CON). Global CMRGlu was significantly lower in both MS groups compared with CON (CON 43.3 +/- 6.9 mumol/100 mL/min, MS-FAT 34.7 +/- 4.4, MS-NOF 35.4 +/- 4.5) but was not related to fatigue severity. Comparing the two MS groups, SPM95 analysis revealed predominant CMRGlu reductions bilaterally in a prefrontal area involving the lateral and medial prefrontal cortex and adjacent white matter, in the premotor cortex, putamen, and in the right supplementary motor area of MS-FAT. In addition, there were CMRGlu reductions in the white matter extending from the rostral putamen toward the lateral head of the caudate nucleus. FSS values were inversely related to CMRGlu in the right prefrontal cortex. CMRGlu in the cerebellar vermis and anterior cingulate was relatively higher in MS-FAT than in MS-NOF patients. CMRGlu of both regions showed positive correlations with FSS values. Our data suggest that fatigue in MS is associated with frontal cortex and basal ganglia dysfunction that could result from demyelination of the frontal white matter.
448 citations
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Paul Scherrer Institute1, University of Helsinki2, University of Leeds3, Goethe University Frankfurt4, University of Beira Interior5, University of Innsbruck6, CERN7, California Institute of Technology8, Helsinki Institute of Physics9, University of Eastern Finland10, University of Vienna11, Lebedev Physical Institute12, Leibniz Association13, Finnish Meteorological Institute14, Carnegie Mellon University15
TL;DR: It is shown, in experiments performed with the CLOUD (Cosmics Leaving Outdoor Droplets) chamber at CERN, that sulfuric acid and oxidized organic vapors at atmospheric concentrations reproduce particle nucleation rates observed in the lower atmosphere.
Abstract: Atmospheric new-particle formation affects climate and is one of the least understood atmospheric aerosol processes. The complexity and variability of the atmosphere has hindered elucidation of the fundamental mechanism of new-particle formation from gaseous precursors. We show, in experiments performed with the CLOUD (Cosmics Leaving Outdoor Droplets) chamber at CERN, that sulfuric acid and oxidized organic vapors at atmospheric concentrations reproduce particle nucleation rates observed in the lower atmosphere. The experiments reveal a nucleation mechanism involving the formation of clusters containing sulfuric acid and oxidized organic molecules from the very first step. Inclusion of this mechanism in a global aerosol model yields a photochemically and biologically driven seasonal cycle of particle concentrations in the continental boundary layer, in good agreement with observations.
446 citations
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TL;DR: The transverse momentum spectra of charged particles have been measured in pp and PbPb collisions at 2.76 TeV by the CMS experiment at the LHC as mentioned in this paper.
Abstract: The transverse momentum spectra of charged particles have been measured in pp and PbPb collisions at sqrt(sNN) = 2.76 TeV by the CMS experiment at the LHC. In the transverse momentum range pt = 5-10 GeV/c, the charged particle yield in the most central PbPb collisions is suppressed by up to a factor of 5 compared to the pp yield scaled by the number of incoherent nucleon-nucleon collisions. At higher pt, this suppression is significantly reduced, approaching roughly a factor of 2 for particles with pt in the range pt=40-100 GeV/c.
446 citations
Authors
Showing all 9348 results
Name | H-index | Papers | Citations |
---|---|---|---|
Andrea Bocci | 172 | 2402 | 176461 |
Tobin J. Marks | 159 | 1621 | 111604 |
Wolfgang Wagner | 156 | 2342 | 123391 |
David D'Enterria | 150 | 1592 | 116210 |
Andreas Pfeiffer | 149 | 1756 | 131080 |
Christoph Grab | 144 | 1359 | 144174 |
Maurizio Pierini | 143 | 1782 | 104406 |
Alexander Belyaev | 142 | 1895 | 100796 |
Ajit Kumar Mohanty | 141 | 1124 | 93062 |
Felicitas Pauss | 141 | 1623 | 104493 |
Chiara Mariotti | 141 | 1426 | 98157 |
Luc Pape | 141 | 1441 | 130253 |
Rainer Wallny | 141 | 1661 | 105387 |
Roland Horisberger | 139 | 1471 | 100458 |
Emmanuelle Perez | 138 | 1550 | 99016 |