Showing papers by "Pennsylvania State University published in 1978"
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01 Jun 1978
TL;DR: In this paper, a theoretical framework for organizational adaptation is proposed, which deals with alternative ways in which organizations define their product-market domains (strategies) and construct mechanisms (structures and processes) to pursue these strategies.
Abstract: Organizational adaptation is a topic that has received only limited and fragmented theoretical treatment. Any attempt to examine organizational adaptation is difficult, since the process is highly complex and changeable. The proposed theoretical framework deals with alternative ways in which organizations define their product-market domains (strategy) and construct mechanisms (structures and processes) to pursue these strategies. The framework is based on interpretation of existing literature and continuing studies in four industries (college textbook publishing, electronics, food processing, and health care).
6,421 citations
TL;DR: In this article, a series and parallel model for composite piezoelectric and pyroelectrics is presented, which leads to several interesting results, such as a diphasic pyroelectric in which neither phase is pyrocharged.
1,706 citations
TL;DR: The results emphasize the importance of trigeminal input in human nasal chemoreception and support the notion that the perceived intensities of nasally-inhaled stimulants can be mathematically predicted from relatively simple physicochemical and molecular structural parameters.
618 citations
TL;DR: It is concluded that venom immunotherapy is clinically superior to therapy on whole-body extract or placebo as judged by venom skin test, histamine release and IgE antibody to venom.
Abstract: Insect hypersensitivity is currently treated by immunization using whole-body extracts. We compared this regimen with immunotherapy using insect venoms or placebo in groups of 20 patients ...
613 citations
TL;DR: In this paper, the results of extensive in-situ rock deformability tests conducted on three major engineering projects in South Africa: the Orange River Water Project, the Drakensberg Pumped Storage Scheme and the Elandsberg Pumping Storage Scheme are discussed.
533 citations
01 Jan 1978
522 citations
TL;DR: In this article, the authors survey the characteristics of threshold switching systems and examine the evidence for threshold switching as an electronic process and propose a semiquantitative model for the nature of the ON/OFF state.
Abstract: This paper surveys the characteristics of threshold switching systems and examines the evidence for threshold switching as an electronic process. A semiquantitative model is proposed for the nature of the ON---state. The OFF---ON transition is also discussed in the light of recent experimentation, as are the principal aspects of the problem still in need of furthur clarification.
486 citations
TL;DR: Using a role and exchange theory framework, this paper examined the commitment to their organization and to the federal service of 634 managers in 71 federal government organizations and found that certain role factors such as tenure and work overload and personal factors, such as attitude toward change and job involvement are strong influences on commitment.
Abstract: Using a role and exchange theory framework, this study examines the commitment to their organization and to the federal service of 634 managers in 71 federal government organizations. Results indicate that certain role factors such as tenure and work overload and personal factors such as attitude toward change and job involvement are strong influences on commitment. Implications of the findings and the need for further theoretical and methodological refinements are discussed.
468 citations
TL;DR: Validity results suggest that the recall is prone to over-reporting low intakes and under-reporting high intakes, a pattern referred to as the "flat-slope syndrome".
Abstract: The internal validity of a 24-hr. dietary recall and a seven-day dietary record was investigated among a group of non-institutionalized elderly subjects who were participating in a congregate meals program. Internal validity was assessed by comparing reported intake with unobtrusively obtained data on actual intake. Validity results suggest that the recall is prone to over-reporting low intakes and under-reporting high intakes. This pattern has been referred to as the "flat-slope syndrome." Records collected during the first few dyas were less prone to this syndrome; however, validity declined by the fifth, sixth, and seventh record days. Also, as the record progressed to the seventh day, the demographic nature of the sample became biased due to drop-outs and decreased usability of the records.
424 citations
TL;DR: In this article, the authors describe the development of a general, predictive, hydrostatic meteorological model, which is suitable for a wide variety of problems, ranging from the synoptic scale to the small end of the mesoscale.
Abstract: We describe the development of a general, predictive, hydrostatic meteorological model. The model is three-dimensional and is suitable for a wide variety of problems, ranging from the synoptic scale to the small end of the mesoscale. The model contains provisions for variable terrain, a moisture cycle, sensible heat addition at the earth's interface, and high- and low-resolution boundary layer physics. This paper presents the mathematical and numerical formulation used in the various options of the model. First we write the basic equations on a Lambert conformal projection. Then we describe the horizontal and vertical grid structure, the finite-difference equations, and the energetics of the three-dimensional model and its two-dimensional analog. We consider the role of the lateral boundary conditions for limited area forecasts, with emphasis on their effect on the mean motion over the domain. Two options for including the frictional and diabatic effects at the earth's surface are presented. Thes...
398 citations
TL;DR: Flexible PZT/polymer composite transducers have been fabricated with a novel microstructural configuration in this paper, where the concept of connectivity has been applied in the evaluation of the type of structure needed to optimize the properties of the composite.
TL;DR: In this article, the partitioning behavior of cerium, europium, gadolinium, and ytterbium between an aqueous vapor phase and water saturated silicate melt have been experimentally examined using a new experimental approach employing radioactive tracers and a double-capsule technique.
TL;DR: In this article, a review of recent progress in field ion image formation is presented, with emphasis on those topics requiring further investigation, such as field evaporation, field adsorption, and field ionization.
TL;DR: In this paper, a two-step estimation procedure was used to estimate structural demand and supply equations for urban air quality in Washington, D.C., SMSA for 1970, and a set of marginal hedonic prices and the quantity of clean air were used as endogenous variables in a simultaneous equation model.
TL;DR: Comparison of the effects of amino acids with those of glucose and palmitate indicated that amino acids were not acting by providing substrates for energy metabolism, and the age and or nitritional state of the animal may influence the response of skeletal muscle to altered amino acid levels.
TL;DR: The phase diagram for the fluorite-type ZrO/sub 2/--Y/sub 6/O/Sub 12/12/12/, and the phase diagram of the system was redetermined with a high-temperature x-ray furnace, precise lattice parameter measurements, and a hydrothermal technique as mentioned in this paper.
Abstract: The phase diagram for the system ZrO/sub 2/--Y/sub 2/O/sub 3/ was redetermined. The extent of the fluorite-type ZrO/sub 2/--Y/sub 2/O/sub 3/ solid solution field was determined with a high-temperature x-ray furnace, precise lattice parameter measurements, and a hydrothermal technique. Long range ordering occurred at 40 mol% Y/sub 2/O/sub 3/ and the corresponding ordered phase was Zr/sub 3/Y/sub 4/O/sub 12/. The compound has rhombohedral symmetry (space group R3), is isostructural with UY/sub 6/O/sub 12/, and decomposes above 1250 +- 50/sup 0/C. The results indicate that the eutectoid may occur at a temperature <400/sup 0/C at a composition between 20 and 30 mol% Y/sub 2/O/sub 3/. Determination of the liquidus line indicated a eutectic at 83 +- 1 mol% Y/sub 2/O/sub 3/ and a peritectic at 76 +- 1 mol% Y/sub 2/O/sub 3/.
TL;DR: Grain size-microcracking trends in the three pseudobrookite oxides MgTi2O5, Fe2TiO5 and Al2 TiO5 were examined in this paper.
Abstract: Grain size-microcracking trends are examined in the three pseudobrookite oxides MgTi2O5, Fe2TiO5, and Al2TiO5. These trends are toward smaller critical grain sizes, lower elastic moduli, and lower strengths with increased thermal expansion anisotropy. Extension of an energy criterion relates the micro-cracking transition to the inverse square of the maximum difference in single-crystal thermal expansion coefficients, Δαmax-2.
TL;DR: This model, its history, methods of solution and list some recent applications are examined, hoping the reader will appreciate the rather general nature of the field, along with the relative simplicity of model development and solution.
Abstract: Goal programming is a relatively new tool that has been proposed as a model and approach for the analysis of problems involving multiple, conflicting objectives. In this paper we examine this model, its history, methods of solution and list some recent applications. Hopefully, the reader will appreciate the rather general nature of the field, along with the relative simplicity of model development and solution.
TL;DR: An O(n) t~me algorithm is presented to obtain an opt,mal fimsh time preemptive schedule for n independent tasks on m uniform processors.
Abstract: AaSTRACT An O(n) t~me algorithm is presented to obtain an opt,mal fimsh time preemptive schedule for n independent tasks on m uniform processors This algorithm assumes that the tasks are lnmally ordered by task length and that the umform processors are ordered by processor speed
TL;DR: Neither the extracellular nor total intracellular pool of phenylalanine served as the sole precursor for protein synthesis, and two models of amino acid compartmentation involving aminoacylation of tRNA from both the extacellular and intrace cellular compartments were consistent with the steady state and transient data.
TL;DR: Rebound insomnia followed the withdrawal of three benzodiazepine hypnotic drugs, each of which had been administered in a single nightly dose for only short-term periods, leading to an intense worsening of sleep.
Abstract: Rebound insomnia followed the withdrawal of three benzodiazepine hypnotic drugs, each of which had been administered in a single nightly dose for only short-term periods. The intense worsening of sleep is attributed to the short duration of the action of these drugs. A hypothesis involving benzodiazepine receptors in the brain is proposed in which there is a delay or lag in replacement of endogenous benzodiazepine-like molecules after the abrupt withdrawal of exogenous drugs.
TL;DR: The strongest known dmgonalization results for both deterministic and nondetermlmstlc time complexity classes are reviewed and orgamzed for comparison with the results of the new padding technique.
Abstract: AaSTancr. A recurslve padding technique is used to obtain conditions sufficient for separation of nondetermlmsttc multltape Turlng machine time complexity classes If T2 is a running time and Tl(n + 1) grows more slowly than T~(n), then there is a language which can be accepted nondetermmlstlcally within time bound T~ but which cannot be accepted nondetermlnlStlcally within time bound T1. If even T~(n + f(n)) grows more slowly than Tz(n), where f is the very slowly growing "rounded reverse" of some real-time countable function, then there is such a language over a single-letter alphabet. The strongest known dmgonalization results for both deterministic and nondetermlmstlc time complexity classes are reviewed and orgamzed for comparison with the results of the new padding technique
TL;DR: In this article, a one-dimensional numerical model, capable of simulating surface temperature and heat flux, is described in terms of the effective atmospheric and terrain variables, which are the two model parameters which are most responsible for the formation of important temperature variations in the horizontal over the urban-rural complex.
Abstract: A one-dimensional numerical model, capable of simulating surface temperature and heat flux, is described in terms of the effective atmospheric and terrain variables. The two model parameters which are most responsible for the formation of important temperature variations in the horizontal over the urban-rural complex are the thermal inertia (thermal property) and moisture availability, the former being most responsible for shaping the nighttime temperature pattern while the latter has a greater effect during the day. The controlling substrate variables are not easily determinable by direct measurement over a surface consisting of an inhomogeneous agglomerate of elements. We present one method whereby surface temperature, a more readily obtainable quantity, can be used in conjunction with the surface model to determine by numerical or graphical inversion of the latter the effective values of moisture availability and thermal inertia and thereby provide a quantitative framework for analysis of a ro...
TL;DR: It is concluded that diabetic patients with chest pain have more coronary artery disease than nondiabetics, but no more diffuse or inoperable disease.
Abstract: To compare angiographically-determined coronary artery disease in diabetic patients with controls, 1,653 patients coming to cardiac catheterization were reviewed retrospectively to find 37 diabetic and 79 control patients matched for sex, age (+/- 3 years), and risk factors (hypertension, hyperlipidemia, and smoking). The severity of coronary artery disease was assessed using an angiographic grading system. The following results were obtained: 16 of 37 diabetic patients (43%) had three-vessel disease compared to 20 of 79 controls (25%). Seventy-six of 111 (68%) diabetic vessels were diseased compared to 110 of 237 control vessels (46%) (P less than 0.005). The total coronary score reflecting total extent of disease for diabetic patients was 371 (mean 10.0 +/- (SEM) compared to 594 for controls (mean 7.5 +/- 0.7, (P less than 0.01). Diabetic patients had a statistically similar number of diffusely diseased vessels as controls (28% vs 22%). There were only three of 76 diabetic vessels (4%) considered inoperable compared to seven of 110 (6%) control vessels. We conclude that diabetic patients with chest pain have more coronary artery disease than nondiabetics, but no more diffuse or inoperable disease.
TL;DR: This paper investigates two unportant special types of Petn nets, the conflict-free nets and the persistent nets, with the former being a proper subset of the latter.
Abstract: Petri nets have been extensively studied because of their suitability as models for asynchronous computing Despite this effort, the mathematical properties of Petrl nets are not very well understood In this paper we investigate two unportant special types of Petn nets, the conflict-free nets and the persistent nets, the former being a proper subset of the latter. Our results completely characterize the sets of reachable markings attainable by such nets Reachabihty sets of persistent nets are shown to be semllmear A stronger result is obtamed for conflict-free nets which results m an exponential time algorithm for deciding boundedness of such nets The best known upper bound for deciding boundedness of arbitrary nets is exponential space We conclude with a proof that all reachablhty sets of Petri nets may be realized with a "small amount" of nonperslstence
TL;DR: In a large, prospective study, mothers who smoked during one pregnancy but not another had smaller infants in the pregnancy in which they smoked, irrespective of birth order and many other factors that affect fetal growth.
TL;DR: It is concluded that the evaluation and treatment of intracranial bleeding in hemophiliacs should include prompt replacement therapy with factor VIII or IX for either cranial-spinal axis trauma or CNS signs and symptoms in the absence of a history of trauma.
TL;DR: In this paper, an asymmetric nonlinear ocean model is employed to investigate the oceanic response to moving hurricanes and the results show that the ocean's response to a symmetric storm is stronger on the right of the storm track.
Abstract: An asymmetric nonlinear ocean model is employed to investigate the oceanic response to moving hurricanes. A turbulent kinetic energy budget is used to parameterize the stress-induced vertical mixing. The results show that the ocean's response to a symmetric storm is stronger on the right of the storm track. Although the maximum speed of the induced current under the storm is not sensitive to the storm's translation speed, the speed does have a large influence on the temperature structure and the thermocline depth in the wake. Vertical motions associated with the inertia-gravity oscillations persist in the wake of the storm. A narrow ridge in the thermocline is left in the storm track for fast-moving storms. The results in many respects agree with Geisler's linear solutions. However, vertical mixing produces significant differences in the depth of the thermocline behind the storm.