Showing papers by "Philips published in 1969"
TL;DR: In this paper, the authors show that 1/ε noise is inversely proportional to the total number of mobile charge carriers in homogeneous samples, and exclude surface effects as the main source of 1/ǫ noise.
1,034 citations
TL;DR: In this paper, it was shown from corresponding measurements performed with a semiconductor electrode that the electrochemical properties of persulfate and hydrogen peroxide have to be described by two instead of one redox (normal) potential.
Abstract: Electrochemical studies have shown that the reduction of persulfate and hydrogen peroxide is a two step mechanism, the first step occurs by electron transfer with the conduction band and the second step by hole injection with the valence band. It could be concluded from corresponding measurements performed with a semiconductor electrode that the electrochemical properties of these oxidizing agents have to be described by two instead of one redox (normal) potential. One normal potential is much lower and the other much larger than the theoretical value determined from thermodynamic data. These values are estimated as and .
286 citations
TL;DR: In this article, a comprehensive review of the application of magnetic oxides in the electronics industry is presented, with reference to the theoretical background of such materials existing up to the end of 1967, and the relation of magnetic anisotropy energy and the permeability is discussed in terms of applications to transformers, inductors, etc.
224 citations
TL;DR: In this article, the existence of a proximity effect on the radiative energy transfer between two conducting plates due to the dominance of the near-field coupling over cut-off effects at small distances was shown.
210 citations
TL;DR: In this paper, the Faraday rotation of yttrium, gadonlinium, and terbium iron garnets at 1.15 \ensuremath{\mu} is presented as a function of temperature between 100 and 450\ifmmode^\circ\else\textdegree\fi{}K.
Abstract: The Faraday rotation of yttrium, gadonlinium, and terbium iron garnets at 1.15 \ensuremath{\mu} is presented as a function of temperature between 100 and 450\ifmmode^\circ\else\textdegree\fi{}K. The rotation is analyzed in terms of electric and magnetic dipole contributions from the various magnetic sublattices (${\mathrm{Fe}}^{3+}$ octahedral, ${\mathrm{Fe}}^{3+}$ tetrahedral, R${\mathrm{E}}^{3+}$), and the contributions are separated by a least-squares fit to magnetization data. The similarities and differences in the electric dipole contributions are discussed, and it is suggested that charge-transfer processes are important. The effect of a knowledge of the electric dipole contributions at 1.15 \ensuremath{\mu} on published results at longer wavelengths is investigated, and deductions of $g$ factors in this region are shown to be probably in error. In an Appendix, theoretical derivations are given for the form of the electric dipole rotation due to magnetic ions in various circumstances.
188 citations
TL;DR: In this paper, gas adsorption in the monolayer range on silicon and germanium surfaces was studied by means of ellipsometry and the results were compared with volumetric measurements on powders.
174 citations
162 citations
Patent•
07 Mar 1969TL;DR: In this article, a method for making an IGFET is described, which utilizes impurity ion implantation into the surface channel to determine the conductivity of the IC's surface channel.
Abstract: A method for making an IGFET is described. The method utilizes impurity ion implantation into the surface channel to determine the conductivity thereof. The advantages include special impurity profiles providing improved performance, better control over important parameters such as threshold voltage, the manufacture of improved tetrodes, and the manufacture of improved ICs using for example N- and P-channel devices, and depletion and enhancement devices combined in a single chip.
140 citations
TL;DR: PbO pressures of solid PbO and in the system PbTiO 3 PbZrO 3 were measured using the Knudsen effusion method from the measurements thermodynamic data are calculated as discussed by the authors.
134 citations
TL;DR: In this article, an analog shift register (ASR) is presented, where the charge transfer is carried out by active elements located between the storage elements and controlled by a clock signal.
Abstract: Deals with integrated analog shift register circuits. Analog information is stored in arrays or mosaics of very small capacitors and can be made to travel through the arrangement by charge transfer. The charge transfer is carried out by active elements located between the storage elements and controlled by a clock signal. The circuit presented is simple, feasible for integration, and suitable for various functions. Delay, time-axis conversion, and scanning are the most obvious applications. This first report is restricted to a description of basic principles, examples of integrated concepts, and a brief discussion of fields of application.
129 citations
TL;DR: In this article, the authors measured the noise on small samples of continuous gold films as a function of sample thickness and of temperature, and showed that the noise is inversely proportional to the total number of electrons.
TL;DR: In this paper, a planar array of reversed biased silicon photodiodes is used to obtain a low energy scanning electron beam similar to that used in a conventional vidicon.
Abstract: A new electronic camera tube has been developed for Picturephone® visual telephone applications; with minor modifications it should also be suitable for conventional television systems. The image sensing target of the new camera consists of a planar array of reversed biased silicon photodiodes which are accessed by a low energy scanning electron beam similar to that used in a conventional vidicon. This paper presents a description of the operating principles and an analysis of the sensitivity and resolution capabilities of the new silicon diode array camera tube. We also give the detailed experimental results obtained with the tubes. The gamma of a silicon diode array camera tube is unity and its spectral response is virtually uniform over the wavelength range from 0.45 to 0.90 micron with an effective quantum yield greater than 50 percent. For a 13.4 millimeter square target the silicon diode array camera tube's sensitivity is 20 μamp foot-candles of faceplate illumination with normal incandescent illumination or 1.3 μamp per foot-candle with fluorescent illumination; with a center-to-center diode spacing of 15 micron it's modulation transfer function is greater than 60 percent for a spatial frequency of 14 cycles per millimeter. Typical dark currents for a 13.4 millimeter square target are in the range of 5 to 50 nanoamperes.
TL;DR: The hexagonal compound SmCo 5 was found to absorb 2.5 moles of hydrogen at a pressure of 20 atm at room temperature, thereby transforming to an orthorhombic structure as discussed by the authors.
TL;DR: The β-Ga 2 O 3 compound shows at least three different emission bands depending on the choice of the dope as mentioned in this paper, i.e., blue, green and u.v. emission.
TL;DR: In this article, a numerical iterative scheme is presented for the solution of the 1- and 2-dimensional semiconductor d.c. transport equations, applied to an n-p-n transistor structure.
Abstract: A numerical iterative scheme is presented for the solution of the 1- and 2-dimensional semiconductor d.c. transport equations. This scheme is applied to an n-p-n transistor structure. Input data are geometry, doping profile, boundary conditions and, optionally, mobility dependencies and generation-recombination law.
TL;DR: The phase relations, crystal structures, and magnetic properties of intermetallic compounds occurring in the Er-Fe system have been investigated in this article, where a phase diagram is given and lattice constants of the compounds ErFe2, ErFe3, Er6Fe23, and Er2Fe17 are determined.
Abstract: The phase relations, crystal structures, and magnetic properties of intermetallic compounds occurring in the Er–Fe system have been investigated A phase diagram is given The lattice constants of the compounds ErFe2, ErFe3, Er6Fe23, and Er2Fe17 have been determined These compounds are ferrimagnetic with the Fe moments coupled antiparallel to the Er moments Their Curie temperatures decrease with increasing Fe concentration The compounds ErFe2, ErFe3, and Er6Fe23 have been observed to show a compensation point
Die Phasenbeziehungen, Kristallstrukturen und magnetischen Eigenschaften intermetallischer Verbindungen, die im Er–Fe-System auftreten, wurden untersucht Ein Phasendiagramm wird angegeben Fur die Verbindungen ErFe2, ErFe3, Er6Fe23, und Er2Fe17 wurden die Gitterkonstanten bestimmt Diese Verbindungen sind ferrimagnetisch mit antiparallel zu den Er-Momenten gekoppelten Fe-Momenten Ihre Curie-Punkte nehmen mit steigender Fe-Konzetration ab Fur die Verbindungen ErFe2, ErFe3, und Er6Fe23 wurde ein Kompensationspunkt beobachtet
TL;DR: A new type of image intensifier, a channel plate, has been used to increase the image brightness in the field-ion microscope as mentioned in this paper, which yielded images without significant loss of contrast or resolution at brightness gain of more than 103.
Abstract: A new type of image intensifier, a channel plate, has been used to increase the image brightness in the field-ion microscope Both electromagnetic and proximity focusing of the secondary electrons have yielded images without significant loss of contrast or resolution at a brightness gain of more than 103 The channel plate operates satisfactorily in the presence of the imaging gases normally used in field-ion microscopy
TL;DR: From X-ray diffraction and Mossbauer measurements on BaFe 12 O 19 single crystals, it was concluded that the iron on Fe(2) sites oscillates between two positions on either side of a plane through three of its oxygen neighbours.
TL;DR: In this paper, the electrical resistivity has been measured between 4.2 and 300°K for RA1 2 compounds, where R denotes the rare-earth elements La, Ce, Pr, Nd, Gd, Tb, Dy, Ho, Er, Yb and Y.
TL;DR: A survey of the known compounds in the system Y 2 O 3 SiO 2 and their several crystalline phases is given in this article, where the preparation of Y 2 SiO 5, of three modifications of y 2 Si 2 O 7 and of the -probably impurity-stabilized-apatite and garnet structures of yttrium silicate is described.
TL;DR: In this article, the gadolinium-cobalt system has been investigated over the whole concentration range by means of X-ray diffraction, thermoanalysis, and metallography.
Abstract: The gadolinium-cobalt system has been investigated over the whole concentration range by means of X-ray diffraction, thermoanalysis, and metallography. Eight intermetallic compounds have been observed: Gd3Co, GdxCo (with x≈ 7 4 ), Gd4Co3, GdCo2, GdCo3, Gd2Co7, GdCo5 and Gd2Co17. The compounds Gd2Co7 and Gd2Co17 show a structure transformation. For all compounds except GdxCo the lattice constants and the structure type are given. The compounds GdCo5 and Gd2Co17 possess large homogeneity regions at elevated temperatures. For GdCo5, the variation of the saturation moment and the coercive force within the homogeneity region have been studied. High values for the coercive force (up to 43,000 Oe) have been observed for some of the other gadolinium-cobalt compounds.
TL;DR: A review of the literature on liquid scintillation counting since 1963 is given in this article, which describes developments in the instrumentation of commonly used, commercially available instruments and discusses methods for the determination of quench corrections.
Patent•
22 Oct 1969TL;DR: In this article, a data-processing system comprising an addressing device for addressing in a directed graph structure in a store which is divided for this purpose into tables each having a reference address as a table base is described.
Abstract: Data-processing system comprising an addressing device for addressing in a directed graph structure in a store which is divided for this purpose into tables each having a reference address as a table base. Relative to the table base, the words to be found numerically in the table are reference addresses for a further table or operands or indirect addresses for operands. In order to permit highly flexible addressing in a directed graph structure, the address portion of an instruction and/or any sequential words contains an arbitrary number of address components which may have different lengths. The table words may have table length data of a further table to permit a length check and addressing in overflow tables.
TL;DR: It is concluded that chymotrypsin and ribonuclease-S crystals may, like papain, be completely active.
01 Mar 1969
TL;DR: The points of zero charge of a number of slightly soluble salts of silver, calcium, barium, lead, and copper have been determined by means of the suspension effect technique as discussed by the authors.
Abstract: The points of zero charge of a number of slightly soluble salts of silver, calcium, barium, lead, and copper have been determined by means of the suspension effect technique. At their equivalent point silver salts and copper ferrocyanide were found to be negatively charged, whereas the other salts had a positive charge at this point. Our data are compared with data from the literature. Except for the silver halides, agreement between various authors is in general poor. A possible explanation is offered by assuming that exchange of ions on “lattice defects” is responsible for the sign and magnitude of the point of zero charge.
TL;DR: In this article, the electrochemical reduction of germanium surfaces, i.e., the conversion from a hydroxide into a hydride surface, has been studied, and various current peaks occurring during a cathodic potential sweep could be related to specific crystal faces.
TL;DR: In this article, an energy band model for Nb- and Ta-dichalcogenide superconductors is proposed, based on experimental data of Hall effect and specific heat measurements.