Philips

About: Philips is a company organization based out in Vantaa, Finland. It is known for research contribution in the topics: Signal & Layer (electronics). The organization has 68260 authors who have published 99663 publications receiving 1882329 citations. The organization is also known as: Koninklijke Philips Electronics N.V. & Royal Philips Electronics.

Channel assignment for cellular radio using simulated annealing

Abstract: The channel assignment problem, i.e. the task of assigning the channels to the radio base stations in a spectrum-efficient way, is an NP-complete optimization problem occurring during design of cellular radio systems. Previously, this problem has been solved by graph coloring algorithms. An alternative approach is presented. The problem is solved using simulated annealing, which is a general approach to combinatorial optimization. The algorithm has been successfully applied to practical radio network planning situations. One major benefit of the approach consists in the enhanced flexibility it gives to the engineer. >

Method and apparatus for controlling browser functionality in the context of an application

Abstract: This invention includes methods and apparatus for browsing markup language documents from within the context of a client-server application running on an end-user device. Browser functionality, which is configured according to user profile information specifying each user's authorization and preferences, is embedded in the application, and can be activated by application controls. While some users have unrestricted authorization and access, others are restricted to certain browser functions and to certain allowed network resources. This restriction is enforced by preventing the browser functionality from generating network addresses that are not on a list of allowed network addresses also present in the user profile information. Network access restriction is achieved, in part, by filtering markup language documents before display to delete linking information that is not allowed. Document filtering methods are presented for Hypertext Markup Language (HTML) and extensible Markup Language (XML) documents. The document filtering methods are extendable to additional markup languages.

In vitro and in vivo Raman spectroscopy of human skin

Abstract: Noninvasive techniques that provide detailed information about molecular composition, structure, and interactions are crucial to further our understanding of the relation between skin disease and biochemical changes in the skin, as well as for the development of penetration enhancers for transdermal drug administration. In this study we present in vitro and in vivo Raman spectra of human skin. Using a Raman microspectrometer, in vitro spectra were obtained of thin cross sections of human skin. They provided insight into the molecular composition of different skin layers. Evidence was found for the existence of a large variation in lipid content of the stratum corneum. A simple experimental setup for in vivo confocal Raman microspectroscopy of the skin was developed. In vivo Raman spectra of the stratum corneum were obtained at different positions of the arm and hand of three volunteers. They provided evidence for differences in the concentration of natural moisturizing factor at these positions. q 1998 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. Biospectroscopy 4: S31-S39, 1998