Philips

About: Philips is a company organization based out in Vantaa, Finland. It is known for research contribution in the topics: Signal & Layer (electronics). The organization has 68260 authors who have published 99663 publications receiving 1882329 citations. The organization is also known as: Koninklijke Philips Electronics N.V. & Royal Philips Electronics.

A European respiratory society technical standard : exhaled biomarkers in lung disease

Abstract: Breath tests cover the fraction of nitric oxide in expired gas (FENO), volatile organic compounds (VOCs), variables in exhaled breath condensate (EBC) and other measurements. For EBC and for FENO, official recommendations for standardised procedures are more than 10 years old and there is none for exhaled VOCs and particles. The aim of this document is to provide technical standards and recommendations for sample collection and analytic approaches and to highlight future research priorities in the field. For EBC and FENO, new developments and advances in technology have been evaluated in the current document. This report is not intended to provide clinical guidance on disease diagnosis and management. Clinicians and researchers with expertise in exhaled biomarkers were invited to participate. Published studies regarding methodology of breath tests were selected, discussed and evaluated in a consensus-based manner by the Task Force members. Recommendations for standardisation of sampling, analysing and reporting of data and suggestions for research to cover gaps in the evidence have been created and summarised. Application of breath biomarker measurement in a standardised manner will provide comparable results, thereby facilitating the potential use of these biomarkers in clinical practice.

Effect of hydrodynamic interaction on the coagulation rate of hydrophobic colloids

Abstract: The hydrodynamic interaction which occurs when particles are close to each other diminishes the coagulation rate of colloidal particles. We have evaluated this effect, improving a previous treatment by Derjaguin and Muller (7). The absolute rate of rapid coagulation has been computed numerically, with the help of the complete Hamaker equation for the van der Waals force. We have found that hydrodynamic interaction diminishes this rate by a factor of about 0.4 to 0.6, depending on the Hamaker constant. This result agrees completely with that of Spielman (8). The ratio W of the rates of rapid and slow coagulation has been calculated analytically with a simplified Hamaker equation and an approximate expression for the double-layer interaction, following, with modifications, the procedure of Reerink and Overbeek (21). The factor W has also been computed by numerical integration with the complete Hamaker equation. In either calculation the effect of hydrodynamic interaction on d(ln W ) /d (ln c e ) (where c e is the concentration of indifferent electrolyte) is found to be small. We conclude, in agreement with Derjaguin and Muller, that the existing discrepancy between theory and experiment with regard to d(ln W )/d (ln c e ) cannot be explained by this hydrodynamic effect.