Showing papers by "Purdue University published in 1992"

The organization of behavior.

Abstract: Some people may be laughing when looking at you reading in your spare time. Some may be admired of you. And some may want be like you who have reading hobby. What about your own feel? Have you felt right? Reading is a need and a hobby at once. This condition is the on that will make you feel that you must read. If you know are looking for the book enPDFd the organization of behavior as the choice of reading, you can find here.

Gender and the evaluation of leaders: A meta-analysis.

Abstract: This article reviews research on the evaluation of women and men who occupy leadership roles. In these experiments, the characteristics of leaders other than their sex were field constant, and the sex of the leader was varied. These experiments thus investigated whether people are biased against female leaders and managers. Although this research showed only a small overall tendency for subjects to evaluate female leaders less favorably than male leaders, this tendency was more pronounced under certain circumstances

Dimensions of achievement motivation in schoolwork and sport.

Abstract: Both sport and academic work play large roles in school life, yet there is little comparativeevidence on the nature or generality of achievement motivation across these domains. In thisstudy, beliefs about the causes of success in school and sport of 207 high school students werefound to be related in a logical fashion to their personal goals. The ego-involved goal of superioritywas associated with the belief that success requires high ability, whereas task orientation (the goalof gaining knowledge) was associated with beliefs that success requires interest, effort, andcollaboration with peers. These goal-belief dimensions, or theories about success, cut across sportand schoolwork. However, little cross-domain generality was found for perceptions of ability andintrinsic satisfaction. Intrinsic satisfaction in sport primarily related to perceived ability in thatsetting. Task orientation, not perceived ability, was the major predictor of satisfaction inschoolwork.

Phenolic Compounds and Their Role in Disease Resistance

Abstract: Antibiotic phenols have been found in all plants investigated to date. Some occur constitutively and are thought to function as preformed inhibitors associated with nonhost resistance (84, 94, 128, 134). Others, which are the subject of this review, are formed in response to the ingress of pathogens, and their appearance is considered as part of an active defense response. Since the first suggestions that phenolic intermediates have a role in the active expres­ sion of resistance, an underlying problem in ascertaining that such secondary metabolites are of primary (rather than secondary) importance has been the localization and timing of the host response. In this review we address the problem of response localization and localization of phenolics relative to the sequential development of stages of disease that lead ultimately to resistance expression. Initial demonstrations that phenols are significant components of the host

Image compression through wavelet transform coding

Abstract: A novel theory is introduced for analyzing image compression methods that are based on compression of wavelet decompositions. This theory precisely relates (a) the rate of decay in the error between the original image and the compressed image as the size of the compressed image representation increases (i.e., as the amount of compression decreases) to (b) the smoothness of the image in certain smoothness classes called Besov spaces. Within this theory, the error incurred by the quantization of wavelet transform coefficients is explained. Several compression algorithms based on piecewise constant approximations are analyzed in some detail. It is shown that, if pictures can be characterized by their membership in the smoothness classes considered, then wavelet-based methods are near-optimal within a larger class of stable transform-based, nonlinear methods of image compression. Based on previous experimental research it is argued that in most instances the error incurred in image compression should be measured in the integral sense instead of the mean-square sense. >

A Framework for Integrated Risk Management in International Business

Abstract: Treatments of risk in the international management literature largely focus on particular uncertainties to the exclusion of other interrelated uncertainties. This paper develops a framework for categorizing the uncertainties faced by firms operating internationally and outlines both financial and strategic corporate risk management responses.

Detection of TeV photons from the active galaxy Markarian 421

Abstract: The detection of TeV energy photons from the giant elliptical galaxy Markarian 421 using the Whipple Observatory gamma-ray telescope is reported. The signal has a statistical significance of 6 sigma above background and the flux above 0.5 TeV is 0.3 of that from the Crab Nebula. The source location agrees with the position of Mk 421 within the angular uncertainty of the Whipple instrument.

The Politics of Emotion: A Feminist Reading of Bounded Rationality

Abstract: A poststructuralist feminist reading of Herbert Simon's construct, bounded rationality, is prevented in this article. Following from this notion. It is maintained that even though bounded rationality provides a modified critique of “pure” rationality, this concept is grounded in male-centered assumptions that exclude alternative modes of organizing. Through a feminist deconstructive process, bounded emotionality is Introduced as an alternative organizing construct. The premises, conditions of organizing, and implications of this alternative are discussed and illustrated. Finally, theorists are urged to move beyond the traditional dichotomy between rationality and emotionality. In order to question the assumptions that underlie traditional constructs and to create new grounds for future theoretical activities.

A review of production planning and scheduling models in the semiconductor industry part i: system characteristics, performance evaluation and production planning

Abstract: Although the national importance of the semiconductor industry is widely acknowledged, it is only recently that the production planning and scheduling problems encountered in this environment have begun to be addressed using industrial engineering and operations research.techniques. These problems have several features that make them difficult and challenging: random yields and rework, complex product flows, and rapidly changing products and technologies. Hence their solution will contribute considerably to die theory and practice of production planning and control. In a two-part project we present a review of research in this area to date, discuss the applicability of the various approaches and suggest directions for future research. In this paper, Part I, we describe the characteristics of the semiconductor manufacturing environment and review models related to performance evaluation and production planning. Part II will review research on shop-floor control in this industry to date.

Exemplar-Based Model of Social Judgment

Abstract: As an alternative to algebraic and schematic models of social judgment, a new exemplar-based model holds that representations of specific individuals influence judgments about persons and groups. (a) As the perceiver encounters or thinks about an individual, a representation of that exemplar as interpreted by the perceiver is stored in memory. (b) When a target person is encountered later, known attributes of similar exemplars from memory influence judgments about the target. Similarity is modulated by the perceiver's attention to stimulus dimensions. (c) Social and motivational factors, including self-schemata, social context, and in-group/out-group dynamics, influence social judgment by affecting perceiver's attention to dimensions

The long-term effects of visible light on the eye

Abstract: • The relationship between exposure to sunlight and senile cataract, age-related macular degeneration, pterygium, and climatic droplet keratopathy was examined in 838 watermen who work on the Chesapeake Bay. The presence and severity of lenticular, corneal, and macular changes were assessed by either clinical examination or from stereo macular photographs. From detailed exposure histories, ocular exposure was estimated for three bands of visible radiation—violet (400 to 450 nm), blue (400 to 500 nm), or all visible (400 to 700 nm)—as well as for UV-A (320 to 340 nm) and UV-B (290 to 320 nm). The results with each band of visible radiation were similar. Neither cortical nor nuclear cataract was associated with ocular exposure to blue or all visible radiation, but pterygium and climatic droplet keratopathy were more common with higher exposures. Compared with age-matched controls, patients with advanced age-related macular degeneration (geographic atrophy or disciform scarring) had significantly higher exposure to blue or visible light over the preceding 20 years (odds ratio, 1.36 [1.00 to 1.85]) but were not different in respect to exposure to UV-A or UV-B. These data suggest that high levels of exposure to blue or visible light may cause ocular damage, especially later in life, and may be related to the development of age-related macular degeneration.

Ockham's Razor and Bayesian Analysis

Abstract: 'Ockham's razor', the ad hoc principle enjoining the greatest possible simplicity in theoretical explanations, is presently shown to be justifiable as a consequence of Bayesian inference; Bayesian analysis can, moreover, clarify the nature of the 'simplest' hypothesis consistent with the given data. By choosing the prior probabilities of hypotheses, it becomes possible to quantify the scientific judgment that simpler hypotheses are more likely to be correct. Bayesian analysis also shows that a hypothesis with fewer adjustable parameters intrinsically possesses an enhanced posterior probability, due to the clarity of its predictions.

Predicting Participation and Production Outcomes Through a Two-Dimensional Model of Organizational Commitment

Abstract: In this study, we tested a two-dimensional model of organizational commitment and theoretically relevant outcomes based on the motivational distinction proposed by March and Simon (1958) between em...

Relationships between landcover proportion and indices of landscape spatial pattern

Abstract: Recent studies have related percolation theory and critical phenomena to the spatial pattern of landscapes. We generated simulated landscapes of forest and non-forest landcover to investigate the relationship between the proportion of forest (Pi) and indices of patch spatial pattern. One set of landscapes was generated by randomly assigning each pixel independently of other pixels, and a second set was generated by randomly assigning rectilinear clumps of pixels. Indices of spatial pattern were calculated and plotted against Pi. The random-clump landscapes were also compared with real agricultural landscapes. The results support the use of percolation models as neutral models in landscape ecology, and the performance of the indices studied with these neutral models can be used to help interpret those indices calculated for real landscapes.

The relationship of perceived motivational climate to intrinsic motivation and beliefs about success in basketball.

Abstract: Drawing from contemporary goal perspective theories of achievement motivation, this investigation had as its primary purpose to determine the relationship of perceived motivational climate to intrinsic motivation and attributional beliefs in a sport setting. This study also examined the degree to which the dependent variables of interest are a function of situational goal structure, dispositional goal orientations, or both. Subjects, 105 male basketball players from nine varsity high school teams, were requested to complete the four instruments. Results indicated that the Perceived Motivational Climate in Sport Questionnaire was comprised of two valid and reliable subscales, the Mastery and Performance Climate scales. Perceptions of a mastery-oriented climate positively related to reported enjoyment and the belief that effort leads to achievement. Perceptions of a performance-oriented climate were associated with the view that superior ability causes success. In general, indices of intrinsic motivation an...

Friendship Matters: Communication, Dialectics, and the Life Course

Abstract: In this volume, Dr. Rawlins traces and investigates the varieties, tensions, and functions of friendship for males and females throughout the life course. Using both conceptual and illustrative chapters, the book portrays the degrees of involvement, choice, risk, ambivalence, and ambiguity within friendships, and explores the emotional texture of interactions among friends. A concluding section examines the prospects for friendship in the course of our post-modern blurring of public and private domains and discursive sites.

Graft for promoting autogenous tissue growth.

Abstract: Surgical repair of diseased or damaged endogenous connective tissue can be accomplished using a tissue graft formed from a delaminated segment of intestinal tissue. The tissue graft comprises the intestinal tunica submucosa, muscularis mucosa and stratum compactum delaminated from the tunica muscularis and the luminal portion of the tunica mucosa. The graft can be conditioned by stretching and formed as a multilayer composition for high tensile strength and resistance to tearing at its points of attachment to existing physiological structures.

Efficient algorithms for scheduling semiconductor burn-in operations

Abstract: In this paper, we study the problem of scheduling semiconductor burn-in operations, where burn-in ovens are modeled as batch processing machines. A batch processing machine is one that can process up to B jobs simultaneously. The processing time of a batch is equal to the largest processing time among all jobs in the batch. We present efficient dynamic programming-based algorithms for minimizing a number of different performance measures on a single batch processing machine. We also present heuristics for a number of problems concerning parallel identical batch processing machines and we provide worst case error bounds.

Mycotoxins and reproduction in domestic livestock.

Abstract: Molds are parasitic plants that are ubiquitous in livestock feedstuffs. Even though molds themselves reduce the quality of grains, their synthesis of chemical substances termed mycotoxins causes the greatest monetary loss to the animal industry. Five major mycotoxins that impair growth and reproductive efficiency in North America are aflatoxins, zearalenone, deoxynivalenol, ochratoxin, and ergot. Aflatoxins are produced by Aspergillus flavus and Aspergillus parasiticus. Consumption of grains containing aflatoxins by swine affects reproduction indirectly by reducing feed intake and growth. In swine, aflatoxins impair liver and kidney function, delay blood clotting, increase susceptibility to bruising, and interfere with cellular humoral immune systems. Ruminants are comparatively resistant to aflatoxicosis, but presence of aflatoxins in milk of dairy cows is closely monitored for human safety. Depending on environmental conditions, Fusarium roseum can produce either zearalenone or deoxynivalenol. Days 7 to 10 postmating seem to be a critical period of gestation for zearalenone to exert its detrimental actions on early embryonic development. Presence of deoxynivalenol in swine feedstuffs decreases feed intake, causes feed refusal, and induces occasional vomiting. Several species of Penicillium and Aspergillus produce ochratoxin, a mycotoxin that causes necrosis of kidney tissue. Ergot alkaloids produced by Claviceps purpurea on wheat can cause reproductive problems and are associated with lactational failure in swine. Various methods have been developed to remove mycotoxins from infected feedstuffs. Chemical analyses in laboratories as well as diagnostic kits suitable for use at the elevator or farm can be used successfully to identify which mycotoxins are present in suspect feedstuffs.

Development of the Process Conception of Function

Abstract: Our goal in this paper is to make two points. First, college students, even those who have taken a fair number of mathematics courses, do not have much of an understanding of the function concept; and second, an epistemological theory we have been developing points to an instructional treatment, using computers, that results in substantial improvements for many students. They seem to develop a process conception of function and are able to use it to do mathematics. After an introductory section we outline, in Section 2, our theoretical epistemology in general and indicate how it applies to the function concept in particular. In Sections 3, 4, and 5 we provide specific details on this study and describe the development of the function concept that appeared to take place in the students that we are considering. In Section 6 we interpret the results and draw some conclusions.

Consensus theoretic classification methods

Abstract: Consensus theory is adopted as a means of classifying geographic data from multiple sources. The foundations and usefulness of different consensus theoretic methods are discussed in conjunction with pattern recognition. Weight selections for different data sources are considered and modeling of non-Gaussian data is investigated. The application of consensus theory in pattern recognition is tested on two data sets: (1) multisource remote sensing and geographic data, and (2) very-high-dimensional remote sensing data. The results obtained using consensus theoretic methods are found to compare favorably with those obtained using well-known pattern recognition methods. The consensus theoretic methods can be applied in cases where the Gaussian maximum likelihood method cannot. Also, the consensus theoretic methods are computationally less demanding than the Gaussian maximum likelihood method and provide a means for weighting data sources differently. >

Changes in Esterification of the Uronic Acid Groups of Cell Wall Polysaccharides during Elongation of Maize Coleoptiles

Abstract: Cell walls of grasses have two major polysaccharides that contain uronic acids, the hemicellulosic glucuronoarabinoxylans and the galactosyluronic acid-rich pectins. A technique whereby esterified uronic acid carboxyl groups are reduced selectively to yield their respective 6,6-dideuterio neutral sugars was used to determine the extent of esterification and changes in esterification of these two uronic acids during elongation of maize (Zea mays L.) coleoptiles. The glucosyluronic acids of glucuronoarabinoxylans did not appear to be esterified at any time during coleoptile elongation. The galactosyluronic acids of embryonal coleoptiles were about 65% esterified, but this proportion increased to nearly 80% during the rapid elongation phase before returning to about 60% at the end of elongation. Methyl esters accounted for about two-thirds of the total esterified galacturonic acid in cell walls of unexpanded coleoptiles. The proportion of methyl esters decreased throughout elongation and did not account for the increase in the proportion of esterified galactosyluronic acid units during growth. The results indicate that the galactosyluronic acid units of grass pectic polysaccharides may be converted to other kinds of esters or form ester-like chemical interactions during expansion of the cell wall. Accumulation of novel esters or ester-like interactions is coincident with covalent attachment of polymers containing galactosyluronic acid units to the cell wall.

Access control for collaborative environments

Abstract: In this dissertation, previous work on access control for both collaborative and non-collaborative systems is surveyed. New access control requirements for general collaborative environments are identified, and it is shown that existing models do not completely meet these requirements. A new access control model is developed for meeting the requirements. In particular, a set of collaboration rights are identified based on a general collaboration model; exception-based, multiple inheritance mechanisms are used to support both flexible and high-level access specification; and dynamic, multiple ownership rules are developed to support flexible access administration. The model can emulate a variety of existing systems and meets the new access requirements. It has been implemented in a generic, extensible collaborative system, which relieves individual applications from implementing the model.

1002 protein phosphatases

Abstract: phosphatases, tyrosine phosphorylation, signal transduction, dephosphorylatio n. cell cycle, transformation

Morphological Deficits in Children With Specific Language Impairment: The Status of Features in the Underlying Grammar

Abstract: A common profile among specifically-language-impaired (SLI) children acquiring English is a mild to moderate deficit in a range of language areas (lexicon, syntax) and a more serious deficit in morphology. There are several possible accounts of these children's extraordinary difficulty with morphology. In this investigation, we examined the possibility that the features necessary for morphology, such as person and number, are absent from the underlying grammars of SLI children. We approached this question by examining the morphology of both Italian-speaking and English-speaking SLI children, as well as that of two types of control children, one matched according to age, the other according to mean length of utterance. The results suggested that an assumption of features missing from the underlying grammar is not warranted for the children studied here.

Integrated shop floor control using autonomous agents

Abstract: In this paper, we present a generic framework for controlling the work flow in computer controlled manufacturing systems. Based on a market-like model and a combination of objective and price mechanism, the framework allows heterogeneous job objectives, admits job priorities, recognizes multiple resources types, and allows multiple step negotiation between parts and resources. The framework is designed to accommodate frequent changes in the environment such as machine failures, tool shortages, and process requirement variations. An object-oriented simulation system is built to demonstrate the flexibility and effectiveness of die proposed framework. The results show that the proposed framework provides a foundation for highly adaptive, real time shop floor control.