Showing papers by "Queen's University published in 1970"
TL;DR: In this paper, a number of experiments have been conducted in order to study the equilibria between olivine and basaltic liquids and to try and understand the conditions under which OIVINE will crystallize.
Abstract: A number of experiments have been conducted in order to study the equilibria between olivine and basaltic liquids and to try and understand the conditions under which olivine will crystallize. These experiments were conducted with several basaltic compositions over a range of temperature (1150-1300 ° C) and oxygen fugacity (10-°.~s-10 -12 arm.) at one atmosphere total pressure. The phases in these experimental runs were analyzed with the electron microprobe and a number of empirical equations relating the composition of olivine and liquid were determined. The distribution coefficient o, (X~o/ (Xreo) K/~- i'~-Liq \ O1 t-XFeoJ (X~go) relating the partioning of iron and magnesium between olivine and liquid is equal to 0.30 and is independent of temperature. This means that the composition of olivine can be used to determine the magnesium to ferrous iron ratio of the liquid from which it crystallized and conversely to predict the olivine composition which would crystallize from a liquid having a particular magnesium to ferrous iron ratio. A model (saturation surface) is presented which can be used to estimate the effective solubility of olivine in basaltic melts as a fune¢ioa of temperature. This model is useful in predicting the temperature at which olivine and a liquid of a particular composition can coexist at equilibrium.
2,543 citations
TL;DR: In this article, persons living in an acculturated Aboriginal (Australian) community were interviewed in an attempt to comprehend the relations among a number of scaled variables involved in this and other theoretical approaches.
Abstract: Psychological changes which result from culture contact and social change have been described for many years within a number of theoretical frameworks, among which is the theory of Marginal Man: Persons living in an acculturated Aboriginal (Australian) community were interviewed in an attempt to comprehend the relations among a number of scaled variables involved in this and other theoretical approaches. Measures taken, in addition to psychological marginality itself, were for alienation, social deviance, psychosomatic stress, attitudes to modes of relating to the dominant White society, degree of westernization, personal barriers to interacting with the dominant community, and ethnic identification. A pattern of results emerged which, in part, supported marginality theory, but which also pointed to a pattern involving more marginality, more deviance and more stress for those rejecting the dominant White society. An interpretation of the data, is offered in terms of reaffirmation of traditional values, a ...
307 citations
TL;DR: In this article, a three-stage process for calculating the zeros of a polynomial with complex coefficients is introduced, which is similar in spirit to the two-stage algorithms studied by Traub in a series of papers.
Abstract: We introduce a new three-stage process for calculating the zeros of a polynomial with complex coefficients. The algorithm is similar in spirit to the two stage algorithms studied by Traub in a series of papers. We prove that the mathematical algorithm always converges and show that the rate of convergence of the third stage is faster than second order. To obtain additional insight we recast the problem and algorithm into matrix form. The third stage is inverse iteration with the companion matrix, followed by generalized Rayleigh iteration.
162 citations
TL;DR: In patients anaesthetized primarily with thiopentone there was no significant rise without surgery and the rise was, in general, proportional to the stress of surgery, the largest being during intra-abdominal operations.
Abstract: SUMMARY The rise in blood sugar during anaesthesia without surgery and during surface, thoracic and intra-abdominal surgery, was measured. In patients anaesthetized primarily with thiopentone there was no significant rise without surgery and the rise was, in general, proportional to the stress of surgery, the largest being during intra-abdominal operations. Findings were similar in another series of patients anaesthetized primarily with propanidid. Five anaesthetic techniques were also compared during intra-abdominal surgery. In all nitrous oxide and tubocurarine were used and there was a bigger rise in patients in whom anaesthesia was induced with propanidid than in those who had thiopentone. The addition of 1 per cent halothane or phenoperidine 5 mg to the thiopentone/nitrous oxide/tubocurarine technique, led to a significantly smaller response. When a technique using droperidol/fentanyl/tubocurarine was employed the hyperglycaemic response was similar to that with thiopentone induction.
154 citations
TL;DR: The knowledge and insight of the biological role of pterines in insects exemplifies a pattern of common biological interest: a fundamental physiological process common to all organisms provides the starting point for a new selection process in physiological development.
Abstract: Publisher Summary The term “pteridine” was confined to a chemically recognizable group of substances mainly responsible for wing pigmentation in Pieridae. Other groups of chemical substances also take part in the total pigmentation pattern: ommochromes, melanins, flavines, purines and various lipid pigments. The chemical composition of the pteridines became known a few years later when the structure of leucopterin was discovered. An evolutionary sequence starts with the development of hydrogenated pterines from purines or purine precursors. The primary metabolic role must have been, and still is, in their function as co-factors in hydroxylation reactions. The direct oxidation and excretion of the hydrogenated pterines must have replaced their reentry into purine metabolism for energetic reasons. The auto-chelating properties of simple pterines, resulting in high insolubility under normal physiological conditions or the binding of the eye pterines onto carrier granules, must be the basis of the development of various types of deposition. The knowledge and insight of the biological role of pterines in insects exemplifies a pattern of common biological interest: a fundamental physiological process common to all organisms (the biosynthesis of a co-factor from a purine precursor), provides the starting point for a new selection process in physiological development.
139 citations
139 citations
29 Jan 1970
TL;DR: In this article, the authors investigated the impulse wave characteristics of landslides and found that the characteristics depend mainly on the slide volume and the Froude number of the slide upon impact with the water.
Abstract: A study programme has been initiated to investigate the impulse waves generated by landslides originating entirely above the water surface It may be seen that the characteristics of this wave depend mainly on the slide volume and the Froude number of the slide upon impact with the water The resulting wave goes through a transition period For the highest wave (usually the first), the wave height becomes stable relatively quickly and decays exponentially during the period of transition, the wave period continues to increase for a long time, the velocity of propagation may be approximated very closely by solitary wave theory.
131 citations
TL;DR: The observed cumulative survival rate was lower than expected in each sex at each year of follow-up, particularly in the later years, and the adjusted rate was generally lower in males than in females.
Abstract: Data are presented on survivorship and causes of death of 475 patients with rheumatioid arthritis, first seen betwen 1954 and 1966. The observed cumulative survival rate was lower than expected in each sex at each year of follow-up, particularly in the later years. The adjusted rate was generally lower in males than in females. Eighteen of the 86 deaths due to known causes were attributed to infection, a significantly excessive proportion.
130 citations
129 citations
TL;DR: In this paper, an explanation of the trapping process is presented in terms of an effective potential well, whose depth is the difference between the bottom of the positron energy band in the solid and the potential felt by a positron inside the vacancy.
Abstract: Measurements of the lifetime for positron annihilation in metals show a temperature dependence which has been ascribed to the trapping of positrons at vacancies. An explanation of this trapping process is presented in terms of an effective potential well, whose depth is the difference between the bottom of the positron energy band in the solid and the potential felt by the positron inside the vacancy.
108 citations
TL;DR: In this paper, twenty new potassium-argon age determinations on mineral separates from granitic rocks of the Andes of northern Chile, between latitudes 26° and 29°South, indicate the existence of at least five major intrusive episodes: Permian, Lower Jurassic, Middle Cretaceous, Lower Paleocene and Upper Eocene.
TL;DR: The intravenous anaesthetic ketamine has been given to patients undergoing minor gynaecological surgery after atropine prcmedication in initial doses ranging from 1.0 to 3.0 mg/kg, with a high incidence of delirium at all dose levels.
Abstract: SUMMARY The intravenous anaesthetic ketamine has been given to patients undergoing minor gynaecological surgery after atropine prcmedication in initial doses ranging from 1.0 to 3.0 mg/kg. The chief induction complications were hypertension and hypertonus, the incidence of which was only broadly related to dosage. Recovery of consciousness was rapid, though marred by a high incidence of delirium at all dose levels. This delirium was sometimes sufficiently severe and prolonged as to necessitate tranquillization with diazepam. Hallucinations at this stage were so unpleasant that patient acceptance was much lower than with the barbiturates.
TL;DR: Myocardial potassium loss was correlated with increments in heart rate and was followed by potassium uptake during the post-pacing period and was closely associated with myocardial lactate production at a ratio of 1 mEq of potassium being lost for each 2 millimoles of lactate produced.
Abstract: Myocardial electrolyte balance and lactate metabolism were studied in 30 patients before, during, and after a period of atrial pacing utilizing a continuous automated sampling technic with simultaneous electrocardiographic and hemodynamic observations. Eight patients with coronary artery disease who had no symptoms during pacing and four normal subjects demonstrated myocardial potassium loss but no abnormalities in lactate metabolism, the electrocardiogram, and hemodynamics during pacing. Myocardial potassium loss was correlated with increments in heart rate and was followed by potassium uptake during the post-pacing period. Eighteen subjects developed angina during pacing associated with hemodynamic and electrocardiographic abnormalities. This ischemic group showed significantly greater myocardial potassium loss during pacing than the non-ischemic group, and this was closely associated with myocardial lactate production at a ratio of 1 mEq of potassium being lost for each 2 millimoles of lactate produced. Increased acidity of coronary sinus blood also accompanied potassium loss during ischemia. No significant changes were seen in sodium balance in either group during the study.
TL;DR: In this paper, the rotational constants for the silyl halides from the data were obtained for SiHD2F, SiH2DCl, SiHD 2DCl and SiH3I.
TL;DR: The observations indicate that phlebotomy exerted its beneficial effect through a reduction in left ventricular volume, and it is suggested that this may be the primary mode of action of nitroglycerin.
Abstract: Angina pectoris was precipitated in 15 patients with coronary artery disease by the technic of right atrial pacing. This was accompanied by hemodynamic evidence of impaired left ventricular function. In eight patients, while pacing was continued, a phlebotomy averaging 276 ml was carried out and in all but one patient angina was relieved and ventricular function returned to normal. Phlebotomy was accompanied by a decline in cardiac index (9.6%) and left ventricular filling pressure, but no change in brachial artery mean pressure, tension-time index, or dp/dt. With reinfusion of blood, angina returned in all but one patient and there was a rise in left ventricular end-diastolic pressure but no change in cardiac index, brachial artery pressure, tension-time index, or dp/dt. In seven patients alterations of blood volume were carried out between three 9-minute periods of atrial pacing and similar observations were obtained. The observations indicate that phlebotomy exerted its beneficial effect through a redu...
TL;DR: In this article, two methods for training the absolute judgment of pitch, reference training and series training, were studied and it was found that reference training was more effective than series training for listeners with musical experience.
Abstract: Two methods for training the absolute judgment of pitch, reference training and series training, were studied. Reference training concentrated during training on the identification of three reference tones in a set of nine pure tones, while series training gave equal weight during training to the identification of all nine tones. Results of pre- and posttraining tests, scored for the number of correct judgments, showed that reference training was more effective than series training for listeners with musical experience. In addition, discriminability (d′) scaling of pre- and posttest performance indicated that reference training was particularly effective for training listeners with musical experience when the nine tones of a set were grouped into three pitch classes—high, medium, and low pitch. Listeners without musical experience benefited from both training methods, but their overall improvement was less than that for musical listeners.
TL;DR: In this article, the rate of oxidation of o -xylene was studied in a differential bed reactor over the following ranges of conditions: 290 to 310 °C, (0.5 to 3.0) × 10 −4 g-mole o-xylene/l, (5 to 100)× 10 − 4 gmole oxygen/l. But no evidence was found to support the second order model proposed by Ioffe and Lyubarskii.
TL;DR: Calculations on the distribution of these enzymes, when compared with the Distribution of pyruvate kinase and cytochrome c oxidase activity, demonstrate that the larger part of both nitrate and nitrite reductase is located outside of the chloroplast.
Abstract: Chloroplasts have been isolated from spinach and from sunflower which retain their outer membrane and their stroma protein as determined both by ability to fix CO2 and evolve O2 at high rates, and by appearance under the phase contrast microscope. Such chloroplasts contain both nitrate and nitrite reductase activity. However, calculations on the distribution of these enzymes, when compared with the distribution of pyruvate kinase and cytochrome c oxidase activity, demonstrate that the larger part of both nitrate and nitrite reductase is located outside of the chloroplast.
TL;DR: EMBRYONIC and adult haemopoietic stem cells have been shown to differ in such properties as proliferative capacity, sensitivity to gamma irradiation, suicidal levels of tritiated thymidine, seeding efficiency to the spleen and susceptibility to suppression of erythroid differentiation in polycythaemic recipients.
Abstract: EMBRYONIC and adult haemopoietic stem cells have been shown to differ in such properties as proliferative capacity1,2, sensitivity to gamma irradiation3, suicidal levels of tritiated thymidine4 and seeding efficiency to the spleen5 as well as susceptibility to suppression of erythroid differentiation in polycythaemic recipients6.
TL;DR: In this paper, the free energies and free energies of solid Ni-Pt alloys at 1625°K were calculated from vapor-pressure measurements obtained with a torsion-effusion apparatus.
TL;DR: The effect of these variables on the NAD+specific isocitrate dehydrogenase from peas was investigated and it was concluded that it is probable that the enzyme has no requirement for free magnesium and likely has an activator site specific for free isOCitrate.
TL;DR: Single and repeated injections of 3H‐thymidine were used to demonstrate that both Paneth and goblet cells in the small intestine of the rat undergo renewal but do not themselves proliferate.
Abstract: Single and repeated injections of 3H-thymidine were used to demonstrate that both Paneth and goblet cells in the small intestine of the rat undergo renewal but do not themselves proliferate. Goblet cells are renewed much faster than Paneth cells and probably migrate with the columnar cells from the crypts to the villi. Attempts were made to identify the proliferative precursors.
TL;DR: In this article, the L = 0 cross sections from the present work are compared with existing (t, p) cross sections and support the suggestion of shape coexistence in the transitional nuclei 150 Sm and 152 Sm.