Showing papers by "Queen's University Belfast published in 1979"
TL;DR: In this paper, the authors simulate the development of a two-dimensional alluvial sedimentary succession beneath a floodplain traversed by a single major river and show how the interconnectedness and areal density of channel-belt deposits decrease with increasing floodplain width/channel-belt size, mean avulsion period, and channel aggradation rate.
Abstract: The quantitative model presented simulates the development of a two-dimensional alluvial sedimentary succession beneath a floodplain traversed by a single major river. Several inter-related effects which influence the distribution of channel-belt sand and gravel bodies within overbank fines are accounted for. These are (a) laterally variable aggradation, (b) compaction of fine sediment, (c) tectonic movement at floodplain margins, and (d) channel avulsion. Selected experiments with the model show how the interconnectedness and areal density of channel-belt deposits decrease with increasing floodplain width/channel-belt size, mean avulsion period, and channel-belt aggradation rate. Separation of stream patterns based on interconnectedness and channel deposit density is difficult. Tectonic movements do not have a significant influence upon the successions unless a preferred direction of tilting is maintained (half-graben). Then channel-belt deposits showing offlap tendencies tend to cluster adjacent to the active floodplain margin, leaving dominantly fine-grained alluvium to accumulate on the inactive side. Individual channel-belt deposits thicken during aggradation, although a self-regulating limit to such thickening is likely to operate. ‘Multistorey’features resulting from aggradation may be difficult to tell apart from those arising through superposition of distinct channel-belt deposits of avulsive origin.
622 citations
TL;DR: Of 131 patients with mild concussion, 19 (14.5%) still had symptoms after 1 year, and eight of these patients were involved in law suits and 6 had been suspected of malingering 6 weeks after their accident.
Abstract: Of 131 patients with mild concussion, 19 (14.5%) still had symptoms after 1 year. Of these 19 patients, 10 had some symptoms of which they had not complained at 6 weeks. Symptoms at 1 year were more common among women and among patients who had had positive neurological findings at 24 h. Of the 19 patients who had symptoms at 1 year, 8 were involved in law suits and 6 had been suspected of malingering 6 weeks after their accident. Five of these patients were both involved in law suits and suspected of malingering.
382 citations
198 citations
TL;DR: In this article, the spectral and total irradiance at water depths ranging from 2 to 15 m (below M.L.W.S) was measured at intervals of 20 min for one year at 2 water depths (2.5 and 3.5 m below M. LwS) and in 3 spectral regions in the sublittoral region of the rocky island of Helgoland.
Abstract: Underwater irradiance was measured at intervals of 20 min for one year at 2 water depths (2.5 and 3.5 m below M.L.W.S.) and in 3 spectral regions in the sublittoral region of the rocky island of Helgoland. Data are presented for spectral and total irradiance at water depths ranging from 2 to 15 m (below M.L.W.S.). 90% of the total annual light reaching sublittoral habitats is received during the period from April to September, when Jerlov water type 7 (occasionally water type 5) dominates. During the other half of the year, the water is very turbid, and transparency is so low that long dark periods occur even at moderate water depths. The total annual light received at the lower kelp limit (Laminaria hyperborea), at 8 m water depth, is 15 MJ m−2 year−1 or 70 E m−2 year−1, which corresponds to 0.7% of surface irradiance (visible). At the lower algal limit (15 m water depth) these values are 1 MJ m−2 year−1 or 6 E m−2 year−1, corresponding to 0.05% of surface irradiance. These data are similar to measurements at the same limits in several different geographical areas, and may determine the depth at which these limits occur.
141 citations
TL;DR: Successful discontinuation of digoxin was possible in 86% of the total group and was more likely when the plasma-digoxin concentration was below 0.8 ng/ml, and Unexpected atrial fibrillation was the commonest development inthe 8 patients in whom digoxin withdrawal was unsuccessful.
135 citations
TL;DR: Regular intake of multivitamin raised the blood levels of riboflavin and ascorbic acid to normal in all, but failed to raise the thiamin and vitamin B6 levels to the normal acceptable levels in 2.9 and 20% of the subjects, respectively.
109 citations
TL;DR: In this article, the fast electrons produced by the irradiation of plane-layered targets with 20-J, 100-ps, 10-15, 15, and 20-j, 100ps, were diagnosed by the emission which they cause at various depths in the targets.
Abstract: Fast electrons produced by the irradiation of plane-layered targets with 20-J, 100-ps, ${10}^{15}$-W.${\mathrm{cm}}^{\ensuremath{-}2}$, neodymium-laser pulses have been diagnosed by the $K\ensuremath{\alpha}$ emission which they cause at various depths in the targets. The fast-electron energy spectrum and absolute energy deposition (target preheat) are measured.
102 citations
TL;DR: In this paper, a simple shear model is developed in which the shortening of a multilayer and its folding produces initially upright open folds which tighten as they rotate during increasing shear strain.
101 citations
TL;DR: A criterion which sufficiently guarantees the absence of overflow oscillations in two-dimensional digital filters in the state space is given and this criterion is used to identify a certain class of two- dimensional filters for which overflow oscillation are proved to be absent.
Abstract: A criterion which sufficiently guarantees the absence of overflow oscillations in two-dimensional digital filters in the state space is given. This criterion is used to identify a certain class of two-dimensional filters for which overflow oscillations are proved to be absent. Such filters, however, are noncanonic.
100 citations
TL;DR: A high level language is described in this paper which is appropriate for both array and vector processors and is defined without reference to the hardware of either type of machine.
Abstract: The scientific community has consistently demanded from computing machines an increase in the number of instructions executed per second. The latest increase has been achieved by duplication of arithmetic units for an array processor and the pipelining of functional units for vector processors. The high level programming languages for such machines have not benefited from the advances which have been made in programming language design and implementation techniques.A high level language is described in this paper which is appropriate for both array and vector processors and is defined without reference to the hardware of either type of machine. The syntax enables the parallel nature of a problem to be expressed in a form which can be readily exploited by these machines. This is achieved by using the data declarations to indicate the maximum extent of parallel processing and then to manipulate this, or a lesser extent, in the course of program execution. It was found to be possible to modify many of the structured programming and data structuring concepts for this type of parallel environment and to maintain the benefits of compile time and run time checking. Several special constructs and operators are also defined.The language offers to the large scale scientific computing community many of the advances which have been made in software engineering techniques while it exploits the architectural advances which have been made.
88 citations
TL;DR: In this paper, data generated from selected model expressions for solid-state kinetics have been analysed in terms of expressions of closely-related form to test distinguishability of the models on which the expressions are based.
TL;DR: Diazepam and lorazepam differ in potency and in the time-course of their action, and the clinical effect and amnesia begin more rapidly with diazepam, but last longer following lorzepam.
Abstract: Diazepam and lorazepam differ in potency and in the time-course of their action. As a sedative, diazepam 10 mg is equivalent to lorazepam 2–2.5 mg. Diazepam is better absorbed after oral than after i.m. administrations but this does not apply to lorazepam. The clinical effect and amnesia begin more rapidly with diazepam, but last longer following lorazepam. Lorazepam is more effective than diazepam in blocking the emergence sequelae from ketamine. Lorazepam i.v. is followed by a lesser frequency of venous thrombosis.
TL;DR: In this article, the authors focus on the nature of clearance activity and problems of its inference from pollen spectra; the spatial distribution of palaeoenvironmental sites; and the proximity of such sites to those of prehistoric activity.
TL;DR: Pascal‐Plus is an extended version of Pascal, incorporating the envelope construct which is an aid to program modularization and data abstraction, the process, monitor and condition constructs, and a simulation monitor which provides pseudo‐time control facilities for multiprocessing programs.
Abstract: This paper informally describes the programming language Pascal-Plus. The language is an extended version of Pascal, incorporating the envelope construct which is an aid to program modularization and data abstraction, the process, monitor and condition constructs which provide a means for representing multiprocessing programs, and a simulation monitor which provides pseudo-time control facilities for multiprocessing programs.
TL;DR: This paper found that small crabs prefer Littoralis shells to those of Gibbula species and this was confirmed by preference tests in the laboratory, however, medium sized crabs collected in either Nucella or Littorea prefer the species in which they were collected.
TL;DR: The so-called initial layer of acellular cementum in the rats is therefore not cementum but a dentinal matrix to which epithelial secretory products are added.
TL;DR: In a sample of normal controls, the standard deviation of latency at any specific intensity was substantial, exceeding the difference found between mean responses at neighbouring intensities of auditory stimulation, and an investigation of the origins of this variability found a clear gender difference.
Abstract: The potential usefulness of the auditory-evoked brain stem potentials in audiological assessment has been the subject of increased clinical enquiry. Several requirements need to be met by any response parameter if it is to be clinically useful: parameters should show a clear, and ideally simple, relationship with stimulus intensity; they should be stable within any subject under fixed stimulation conditions and intersubject variability within any clinical group should be small. Response latency has been shown to satisfy the first two of these conditions. However, intersubject variability has been less clearly defined. In a sample of normal controls we have found that the standard deviation of latency at any specific intensity was substantial, exceeding the difference found between mean responses at neighbouring intensities of auditory stimulation. In an investigation of the origins of this variability we have found a clear gender difference, maximal for later components in which the male responses were si...
TL;DR: The chapter classifies the associated forms of copepods and their marine invertebrate hosts and cites the general studies of a copepod Ascidicola rosea Thorell, and explains the anatomical and functional aspects, host specificity, and attraction ofcopepods to their hosts.
Abstract: Publisher Summary The Association of Copepods with Marine Invertebrates explains the rarely discussed co-habitual partnership of Copepods and marine invertebrates. In contrast to the fish parasites, those copepods that habitually partner marine invertebrates have received scant attention as of now. This discriminatory treatment is hardly surprising because the fish associates are frequently conspicuous, often bizarre and, above all, linked with hosts of economic importance; the latter are mainly unobtrusive forms, their ecology is clandestine, and their economic significance is limited. The chapter classifies the associated forms of copepods and their marine invertebrate hosts and cites the general studies of a copepod Ascidicola rosea Thorell. It explains the anatomical and functional aspects, host specificity, and attraction of copepods to their hosts. It also provides a synopsis on the sibling specification and population studies of copepods. In addition, the chapter lists the associated harpacticoids and calanoids individually and the concepts for further investigations on copepods and their marine invertebrates hosts.
01 Mar 1979
TL;DR: The concept of strong almost convergence was introduced in this paper, where the matrices summing every strongly almost convergent sequence, leaving the limit invariant, were characterized, and the concept of strongly almost convergence is introduced.
Abstract: The concept of strong almost convergence was introduced in (2), where the matrices summing every strongly almost convergent sequence, leaving the limit invariant, were characterized.
TL;DR: The principal usefulness of α-adrenoceptor antagonists is in the management of phaeochromocytoma — preoperative preparation, prevention of paroxysmal hypertension during surgery and prolonged treatment of cases not amenable to surgery, as potentially they may cause serious adverse reactions.
Abstract: Adrenoceptors can be divided into α-receptors, whose stimulation results in excitatory responses, and β-receptors which are mainly responsible for inhibitory responses plus cardiac stimulation. β-Receptors can be further subdivided into β1-receptors in the heart and β2-receptors elsewhere. Drugs are now available which selectively antagonise responses mediated by both α-and β-adrenoceptors. α-Adrenoceptor blocking drugs have been known for many years. Some are competitive inhibitors (e.g. tolazoline and thymoxamine); others (such as phenoxybenzamine) produce non-equilibrium blockade once their effect is established; still others (prazosin) appear to block post-junctional α-receptors selectively and consequently exert an antihypertensive effect without tachycardia. The effects of α-adrenoceptor antagonists in therapeutic doses are seen chiefly in the cardiovascular system: if the patient changes from the supine to the standing position or if there is a marked reduction in plasma volume, a marked fall in blood pressure occurs with reflex tachycardia. α-Adrenoceptor blocking drugs have additional potent pharmacological properties, some of which profoundly impair their usefulness and increase toxicity. The principal usefulness of α-adrenoceptor antagonists is in the management of phaeochromocytoma — preoperative preparation, prevention of paroxysmal hypertension during surgery and prolonged treatment of cases not amenable to surgery. Occasionally, combined α-and β-adrenoceptor blockade may be required, but the α-blockade must always be established first. α-Adrenoceptor blocking drugs have never been widely used in the management of essential hypertension due to reflex tachycardia and a tendency for their hypotensive effect to wear off. However, the newer drugs prazosin and indoramin do not appear to share these disadvantages and may establish a greater therapeutic role. α-Adrenoceptor antagonists are also used in the treatment of shock and peripheral vascular insufficiency, although evidence for their efficacy in the latter is sparse except where decreased blood flow is due to spasm of the vessels (e.g. Raynaud’s phenomenon). Recently, phentolamine and prazosin have been shown to be useful in some patients with refractory congestive cardiac failure. β-Adrenoceptor blocking drugs are competitive antagonists which have enjoyed increasingly widespread clinical usage during their 10 year history. There are now a number of drugs of this type available, all of which competitively block β-receptors. They differ in terms of their additional properties, such as membrane stabilising activity, partial agonist activity and cardioselectivity, but it would appear that of these, only the latter is of clinical importance. Cardioselectivity refers to the ability to block cardiac β1-receptors selectively without blocking β2-receptors in the bronchi and blood vessels. Atenolol and metoprolol have been shown to be cardioselective drugs and these drugs should be prescribed in patients with obstructive airways disease and insulin-dependent diabetes in preference to the other non-selective drugs. However, all β-adrenoceptor antagonists should be used cautiously in these patients and in those with a previous history of or evidence of incipient congestive heart failure, as potentially they may cause serious adverse reactions. The maximum danger period exists during administration of the initial low doses in these patients because this represents the maximum interference with the sympathetic environment. If harm does not ensue in this period, further increases in dose are less likely to cause problems. β-Adrenoceptor antagonists were originally prescribed for angina pectoris, cardiac dysrhythmias and phaeochromocytoma. Subsequently, they have been found to be of use in hypertension, following myocardial infarction, in hyperthyroidism, anxiety states, migraine, hypertrophic obstructive cardiomyopathy and drug addiction withdrawal syndromes. Their use is also being investigated in a number of other conditions. β-Adrenoceptor blockade does not appear to explain satisfactorily their efficacy in all of these circumstances. The role of β-adrenoceptor antagonists prophylactically in angina pectoris is clearly established and is an effective alternative to coronary artery bypass surgery in many patients. Recently, it has also been suggested that these drugs may reduce mortality in patients following an acute anterior myocardial infarction. β-Adrenoceptor blocking drugs are amongst the drugs of first choice, if not the drugs of first choice, in the treatment of hypertension, as they combine satisfactory efficacy with low toxicity. In addition, they can be used to good effect in combination with diuretics, vasodilators or other antihypertensive drugs. Various cardiac dysrhythmias can be successfully treated with β-adrenoceptor antagonists. In hyperthyroidism, these drugs ameliorate the peripheral manifestations of the disease: they can be life-saving in hyperthyroid crisis, and can be used instead of conventional antithyroid drugs in the preoperative preparation of patients for thyroideciomy or following radioiodine therapy. The somatic symptoms and signs of anxiety neurosis are improved by β-adrenoceptor blockade and the frequency of occurrence of migraine headache has been found to be reduced by the prophylactic use of propranolol. Thus β-adrenoceptor blockade has a much wider role in the management of disease in man than has α-adrenoceptor blockade. The former have achieved great importance in a short time.
TL;DR: There was a greater frequency of increased enzymatic activity following repeat administrations of halothane than following enflurane and the average alanine aminotransferase and gamma glutamyl transpeptidase concentrations were increased to a greater degree following halothan than enFLurane.
Abstract: A prospective- study of liver enzymes and other measurements following repeat administrations of halothane or enflurane was carried out in patients undergoing minor urological operations. The patient populations were similar with respect to frequency of factors which might influence liver function, social habits, drug therapy and time intervals between administrations. Sixty-three received two or more administrations of halothane and 66 received two or more administrations of enflurane, both drugs given with nitrous oxide in oxygen. There was a greater frequency of increased enzymatic activity following repeat administrations of halothane than following enflurane and the average alanine aminotransferase and gamma glutamyl transpeptidase concentrations were increased to a greater degree following halothane than enflurane. There was no change in the eosinophil count and no significant postoperative morbidity. Changes in alanine aminotransferase, lactate dehydro-genase and gamma glutamyl transpeptidase occurred more frequently in obese patients receiving halothane.
TL;DR: Two cases of aneurysmal bone cyst are recorded and clinical evidence to suggest that the lesion had been present for an unusually long period while incomplete clinical records of the other indicate an unusual history.
TL;DR: 100 mg BAY g 5421, given before a 50 g sucrose meal, produced pronounced attenuation of both hyperglycaemic and hypoglycaemic phases of plasma glucose levels; and it greatly reduced the rise in plasma levels of gastric inhibitory polypeptide and insulin.
TL;DR: In this paper, the double bond pair sequences, trans-trans (tt), trans-cis (tc) etc. were determined from the 13C NMR spectra of poly(1,3-cyclopentylenevinylene) samples and the ratios rt(=tt/tc) and rc(=cc/ct) examined as a function of the fraction of double bonds σc having cis structure.
Abstract: About one hundred samples of poly(1,3-cyclopentylenevinylene) (2) were prepared by ring-opening polymerization of norbornene using a variety of metathesis catalysts based mainly on WCl6 or MoCl5, with EtAlCl2, BuLi, Ph4Sn, and (CH2CHCH2)4Sn as cocatalysts, and with methyl acrylate, diethyl maleate or diethyl fumarate as additives. Ir, Re, V, and Os compounds were also used as catalysts. The double bond pair sequences, trans-trans (tt), trans-cis (tc) etc. were determined from the 13C NMR spectra of these samples and the ratios rt(=tt/tc) and rc(=cc/ct) examined as a function of the fraction of double bonds σc having cis structure. For σc up to 0,35 all polymers showed random distribution of cis and trans structures (rtrc = 1), corresponding to a single type of propagating species. Polymers having σc = 0,35–0,85 invariably gave rtrc ≥ 1, with values greater than 5 in some cases. It is proposed that steric crowding of the active site leads both to high values of σc and to restriction of rotation about the metal-carbene bond of the propagating metalcarbene species, such as to give rise to kinetically distinct conformations which tend to regenerate their own kind on addition of monomer.
TL;DR: The Neolithic-Bronze Age occupation site at Ballynagilly was covered by blanket peat and surrounded by a deep mire as discussed by the authors, and a series of measurements from the mire were used to establish a deposition rate curve from which a time scale for the vegetational history was derived.
Abstract: The Neolithic-Bronze Age occupation site at Ballynagilly was covered by blanket peat and surrounded by a deep mire. Stratigraphic investigations, pollen analysis and $^{14}$ C dating were used to investigate the history of the area and to relate this to the prehistoric occupations. A series of $^{14}$ C measurements from the mire were used to establish a deposition rate curve from which a time scale for the vegetational history was derived. This was also used to correlate the vegetation history with $^{14}$ C dated prehistoric occupations. Organic accumulation began in the deep mire about 8000 B.C. (the notation A.D./B.C. is used to denote a conventional $^{14}$ C age less 1950 years) and the earliest blanket peats began forming around 1000 B.C. In the early Littletonian Stage (Postglacial) a juniper phase gave way to birch and willow at *7450 B.C. (* is used to denote a date derived from the deposition rate curve). Until *6050 B.C. there was a period of low water level with a rich mire vegetation. Elm, oak, hazel and pine entered simultaneously at *6050 B.C. creating a dense forest cover. Alder first appeared at *4970 B.C. but did not expand until *3500 B.C. The mid-Postglacial was examined in detail and showed evidence of Neolithic forest clearance involving burning. Charcoal of pine, oak and hazel, $^{14}$ C dated to ca. 3200 B.C. was discovered. This date coincides with those for a Neolithic house and other associated features. The Neolithic clearance phase lasted some hundreds of years with periods of minor forest regeneration. During this phase different types of agriculture may have been used. A total recovery of the forest, albeit with a different composition, was deduced to have taken place before new clearance in Beaker times at ca. 2000 B.C. Somewhat before this, at *2200 B.C., the final decline of pine pollen occurred but was apparently unconnected with human activity. Heath began to develop at *1800 B.C. and increased in extent following Early Bronze Age clearance of scrub woodland at *1650 B.C. Various clearance episodes from this time through to *200 B.C. caused a further progressive deforestation. Brief regeneration after *200 B.C. was followed by indications of locally wetter conditions and renewed deforestation at A.D. *450. Despite some scrub regeneration around A.D. *800 continuing pressures on the woodland culminated in a open landscape by A.D. *1500.
Patent•
11 May 1979TL;DR: In a two-stroke internal combustion engine, a duct and at least one further passage extends between the crankcase chamber and the combustion chamber as mentioned in this paper, where the fuel/air mixture is separated from the exhaust port by a layer of air leading to better fuel consumption and higher oxidation combustion products.
Abstract: In a crankcase scavenged two-stroke internal combustion engine, a duct and at least one further passage extends between the crankcase chamber and the combustion chamber There is a fuel/air mixture port leading into the duct and a pure air port leading into the duct or the crankcase chamber The passage exits into the combustion chamber between the exit into that chamber from the duct and an exhaust port leading out of the combustion chamber In operation fuel enters the combustion chamber in the air of the fuel/air stream entering the duct and air is additionally pushed into the combustion chamber by the downward movement of the piston through the passage and the duct The fuel is separated from the exhaust port by a layer of air leading to better fuel consumption and higher oxidation combustion products
TL;DR: Although the mouths of those patients who received adequate doses of anticholinergic drugs were dry, subjectively and observed, as compared with those who received a placebo, the overall course of anaesthesia did not appear to be different.
Abstract: The effects of premedication with the anticholinergic drugs atropine, hyoscine and glycopyrronium when administered by oral and i.m. routes have been evaluated in patients undergoing minor surgery and compared with a placebo-using a double-dummy double-blind technique. Although the mouths of those patients who received adequate doses of anticholinergic drugs were dry, subjectively and observed, as compared with those who received a placebo, the overall course of anaesthesia did not appear to be different. Of the three drugs atropine seemed to be absorbed best following oral administration. Equally effective oral and i.m. doses of atropine were considered to be 2.0 and 1.0 mg respectively; of hyoscine 1.0 and 0.25–0.5 mg. The appropriate dose of glycopyrronium was 0.2 mg i.m. The routine use of anticholinergic drugs in preanaesthetic medication in minor surgery appears to be unnecessary.
TL;DR: In this article, six intrinsically coloured azo polyamides have been prepared by interfacial polycondensation and characterized by visible, ultra-violet and infra-red spectroscopy, viscometry and differential thermal analysis.
TL;DR: In this article, population inversion at 18.2 nm in plasma produced by 2J, 150 ps pulse irradiation of solid carbon targets is deduced from time and space resolved CV and CVI resonance emission spectra obtained with a VUV streak camera.
TL;DR: Low levels of high density lipoprotein appear to be associated with cerebrovascular disease, while elevated triglyceride is a complication of anti‐hypertensive therapy.
Abstract: Lipids and lipoproteins were analysed in forty-one survivors of stroke, aged less than 65 years, and the same number of age and sex matched controls without vascular disease. The stroke subjects had no evidence of coronary artery or peripheral vascular disease. High density lipoprotein cholesterol was significantly lower (1.19 +/- 0.06 mmol/l) in the stroke subjects than the controls (1.47 +/- 0.07 mmol/l). Triglyceride was also elevated in the stroke subjects, but this was confined to those who were taking antihypertensive treatment which included beta-blockers and/or thiazides. The low levels of high density lipoprotein in stroke were independent of hypertension or its treatment. Thus low levels of high density lipoprotein appear to be associated with cerebrovascular disease, while elevated triglyceride is a complication of anti-hypertensive therapy.