Showing papers by "Rajasthan Technical University published in 2016"

A novel ZnO piezoelectric microcantilever energy scavenger: Fabrication and characterization

Abstract: This novel piezoelectric zinc oxide (ZnO) thin film microcantilever was fabricated by micromachining technique. To release the cantilever, wet anisotropic etching of Silicon (Si) was performed by tetramethyl ammonium hydroxide (TMAH). The transverse piezoelectric coefficient d31 of the ZnO film, obtained from the deflection of the cantilever with influence of applied voltage, was calculated as 3.32 pC/N. The observed dynamic characterization of the novel piezoelectric microcantilever had linear response with the applied driving voltage. The obtained values of Young Modulus and Hardness were 208 ± 4 GPa and 4.84 ± 0.1 GPa respectively. This inexpensive novel method provides additional design flexibility to fabricate vibrational energy harvesters. The easy steps of fabrication and cost effectiveness of this method may be preferred it over DRIE. The voltage induced due to deformation of ZnO cantilever were measured ~ 230 mV. This microcantilever energy scavenger may be used to power the nano devices and sensors for medical and agricultural applications as a replacement of traditional bulky batteries.

A review on application of finite element modelling in bone biomechanics

Abstract: Summary In the past few decades the finite element modelling has been developed as an effective tool for modelling and simulation of the biomedical engineering system. Finite element modelling (FEM) is a computational technique which can be used to solve the biomedical engineering problems based on the theories of continuum mechanics. This paper presents the state of art review on finite element modelling application in the four areas of bone biomechanics, i.e., analysis of stress and strain, determination of mechanical properties, fracture fixation design (implants), and fracture load prediction. The aim of this review is to provide a comprehensive detail about the development in the area of application of FEM in bone biomechanics during the last decades. It will help the researchers and the clinicians alike for the better treatment of patients and future development of new fixation designs.

A robust image watermarking technique using 2-level discrete wavelet transform (DWT)

Abstract: The exponential growth in digital data over the internet has increased the requirement of a robust and high quality watermarking techniques. In general, the image watermarking techniques embed the binary or grayscale watermark into the cover image or into many multimedia images. In this method, variable visibility factor is used for the insertion of watermark into the low frequency component of the host image. In this paper, DWT-based image watermarking is proposed using level i.e. 2-level and also its parameters such as PSNR and NCC are compared with respect to 1-level DWT. The invisibility of watermarks generated using proposed method is depicted in the simulated results.

An application of HOMER Pro in optimization of hybrid energy system for electrification of technical institute

Abstract: This paper presents optimization of hybrid energy system for electrification of Rajasthan Technical University campus located at Kota, Rajasthan in India. The hybrid energy system comprises more than one energy sources such as solar PV-Diesel Generator or solar photo voltaic (PV)-wind turbine (WT)-Diesel Hybrid system. The main reason for hybrid energy system development is the reliability of solar and wind energy system decreases due to intermittent nature of these resources and availability. The hybrid system can efficiently utilize the resources as solar, wind, biomass, and transmission and distribution system. Electric load estimation is done according to IEC standards for institute. The component chosen for system is solar PV, small wind turbine, battery bank. Various sensitivity analysis and simulations are done to optimize the system using Optimization tool Hybrid Optimization Model for Electric Renewable (HOMER Pro). Fuel cell system did not use in the study due to non-availability of fuel, higher cost, and lower life time. The HOMER optimized the system in constrained of various costs of system, percentage of renewable energy uses, carbon emission, and electrical load requirement throughout the year.

Design of Optimal Proportional Integral Derivative Based Power System Stabilizer Using Bat Algorithm

Abstract: The design of a proportional, derivative, and integral PID based power system stabilizer PSS is carried out using the bat algorithm BA. The design of proposed PID controller is considered with an objective function based on square error minimization to enhance the small signal stability of nonlinear power system for a wide range of operating conditions. Three benchmark power system models as single-machine infinite-bus SMIB power system, two-area four-machine ten-bus power system, and IEEE New England ten-machine thirty-nine-bus power system are considered to examine the effectiveness of the designed controller. The BA optimized PID based PSS BA-PID-PSS controller is applied to these benchmark systems, and the performance is compared with controllers reported in literature. The robustness is tested by considering eight plant conditions of each system, representing the wide range of operating conditions. It includes unlike loading conditions and system configurations to establish the superior performance with BA-PID-PSS over-the-counter controllers.

Optimal design of PIDA controller using harmony search algorithm for AVR power system

Abstract: In this article, a new proportional, integral, derivative and acceleration (PIDA) controller is presented and designed for an automatic voltage regulator power system. The controller parameters are designed by considering as an optimization with minimization of square error using harmony search algorithm. The response of the harmony search optimized PIDA (PIDA-HSA) controller are observed and compared to the controllers in literature. The superiority is validated in terms of performance indices (ITAE, IAE and ISE).

Static bending and dynamic analysis of functionally graded piezoelectric beam subjected to electromechanical loads

Abstract: This paper investigates the static bending and free vibration analysis of functionally graded piezoelectric material beam under electromechanical loading. The effective material properties of funct...

HYBRID GREY WOLF OPTIMIZATION-PATTERN SEARCH (hGWO-PS) OPTIMIZED 2DOF-PID CONTROLLERS FOR LOAD FREQUENCY CONTROL (LFC) IN INTERCONNECTED THERMAL POWER PLANTS

Abstract: The combination of Grey Wolf Optimization and Pattern Search Technique (hGWO-PS) has been introduced to optimize the parameters of two Degree of Freedom Proportional-Integral-Derivative Controller (2DOF-PID) for controlling the load frequency in Automatic Generation Control (AGC) for interconnected power system. The interconnected two area power system of non-reheat thermal power plants consisting of 2DOF-PID controller in each area has been considered for design and analysis. Firstly, the proposed approach has been implemented in the aforementioned standard test system and thereafter, the robustness of the system consisting 2DOF-PID controller optimized by proposed technique has been estimated using the sensitivity analysis for the same. The robustness of the system consisting of 2DOF-PID controller optimized by proposed scheme is examined by varying the parameters of standard test system, loading conditions during operation, size and location of the disturbances. The performance of the 2DOF-PID controller optimized by proposed approach has also been compared with recently published approaches in the literature. The simulation results show that the proposed hGWO-PS optimized 2DOF-PID controller shows far better performance than recently published approaches in the literature in terms of dynamic response. The simulation results also show that system performances hardly change when the operating load condition and system parameters are changed by ±50% from their nominal values, i.e. the proposed controllers are quite robust for a wide range of the system parameters and operating load conditions from their nominal values.

Satellite image contrast and resolution enhancement using discrete wavelet transform and singular value decomposition

Abstract: This paper introduced a new satellite image resolution and contrast enhancement technique which is based on the combination of other two technique named as discrete wavelet transform (DWT) and singular value decomposition (SVD). Satellite images are used in many applications such as in meteorology, oceanography, fishing, agriculture, forestry, geology, education, intelligence and warfare. One of the most important quality factors in images comes from its resolution, here this technique decomposes the input image into the four frequency sub-bands by using DWT and the high frequency sub band images which comes from DWT have been interpolated, by adding the difference image of the input image along with this technique also estimates the modified singular value matrix from the LL sub band of histogram equalized image and LL sub band of input image to obtain brightness enhanced image. In, order to get the new image of better contrast and resolution all these sub bands are combined using inverse DWT. Proposed technique is compared with conventional image equalization techniques such as general histogram equalization (GHE), local histogram equalization (LHE) and also from state-of-the-art technique which is singular value equalization (SVE). Then the experimental results show the supremacy of the proposed method over conventional and state-of-art techniques.

Integral inequalities involving generalized Erdélyi-Kober fractional integral operators

Abstract: Abstract Using the generalized Erdélyi-Kober fractional integrals, an attempt is made to establish certain new fractional integral inequalities, related to the weighted version of the Chebyshev functional. The results given earlier by Purohit and Raina (2013) and Dahmani et al. (2011) are special cases of results obtained in present paper.

Lbest Gbest Artificial Bee Colony algorithm

Abstract: Artificial Bee Colony (ABC) algorithm is the most popular add-on to class of swarm intelligence based meta-heuristic which is evolved to resolve the complex real world optimization problems. Most of the swarm intelligence based algorithms face the problem of stagnation, and premature convergence and ABC is not an exception. To reduce the chance of these problems as well as to control equilibrium between intensification and diversification capabilities of ABC, a unique variant of ABC is intended. In this intended variant, the employed bee stage, as well as onlooker bee stage of ABC algorithm is modified by taking inspiration from a local best candidate as well as the global best candidate. The intended ABC variant is named as Lbest Gbest ABC (LGABC) algorithm. The accuracy and efficiency of LGABC have examined over 12 benchmark functions and evaluated with the basic ABC, best so far ABC, Gbest ABC and Modified ABC and found that it may be an efficient contender in the field of swarm intelligence based algorithms.

Modified Artificial Bee Colony Algorithm Based on Disruption Operator

Abstract: Artificial bee colony (ABC) algorithm has been proven to be an effective swarm intelligence-based algorithm to solve various numerical optimization problems. To improve the exploration and exploitation capabilities of ABC algorithm a new phase, namely disruption phase is introduced in the basic ABC. In disruption phase, disrupted operator in which the solutions are attracted or disrupted from the best solution based on the their respective distance from the best solution, is applied to all the solutions except the best solution. Further, the proposed strategy has been evaluated on 15 different benchmark functions and compared with basic ABC and two of its variants, namely modified ABC (MABC) and best so for ABC (BSFABC).

Optimal design of PIDA controller for induction motor using Spider Monkey Optimization algorithm

Abstract: Induction motors are widely used in power system due to their robustness, even though induction motors are highly non-linear and their control is quite complicated. Proportional integral derivative acceleration PIDA controller is used with induction motor for improving its efficiency. But, finding optimal PIDA controller parameters is a complex task and cannot be easily dealt by the available analytical strategies. As the nature inspired algorithms NIAs have shown their accuracy and efficiency to solve such complicated optimization problems, in this paper, a recent NIA, namely Spider Monkey Optimization SMO algorithm is used for finding the optimal PIDA controller's parameters for controlling the induction motor. As per the best of authors knowledge, it is the first attempt to design optimal PIDA controller's parameters for induction motor through any swarm intelligence motivated algorithm.

3d printing and its applications

Abstract: 3D printing is a form of additive manufacturing which outputs a 3D model of a object through a layer by layer process by taking in input a CAD (computer aided design) file. This technique is fast and saves time involved in basic manufacturing process. In this one has to just design the 3D image of object using CAD, then after selecting the material to be used this information is sent to printer which then prints the object. Depending on the materials used and the procedure employed in forming the object there are various methods of 3D printing such as stereo lithography, fused deposition modeling, selective laser sintering.3D printing finds its applications in every domain from medical, defense, factories, fashion, retail, food, architecture, functional prototyping, concept modeling, end user parts and many more which will be focused in this paper. Moreover its future applications are vast that includes using 3D printing for on demand parts in space, for printing organs and for making complex engine parts.

Modified spider monkey optimization

Abstract: Spider Monkey Optimization is a well known meta-heuristic in the arena of nature inspired algorithms. It is basically known for its stagnation removal power in its original design. To balance the meta-heuristics mechanisms while preserving premature convergence, a new variant is developed which is named as Modified spider monkey optimization. In this paper, metropolis principle is used from simulated annealing which improves the global search capability of algorithm. In addition to this strength of spider monkey is used for maintaining the step-size to enhance the convergence speed. The intended algorithm is tested over 10 benchmarks functions and compared with Spider monkey optimization, particle swarm optimization and one of its recent variant Self-adaptive spider monkey optimization.

Performance analysis of 1MW grid connected photovoltaic power plant in Jaipur, India

Abstract: In this paper, the grid connected solar photovoltaic (SPV) power plant of L&T construction, phagi, jaipur, Rajasthan, India is presented and its performance is evaluated. This power plant has a capacity of 1 MW and has been in operation since March 2012. In this paper various performance parameters such as Performance ratio, reference yield, array yield, final yield of array are calculated using three different methods: namely Excel sheet, PV-syst, System Advisory Model (SAM). The monthly performance ratio ranged from 53% to 83% and annual performance ratio keeps on increasing due to grid availability. After obtaining power generation data and meteorological data from the site of the plant for three consecutive years of 2013, 2014 and 2015 the calculation is performed. Values of Performance parameters obtained from all the three methods are in close agreement. Levelized Electricity Cost has been calculated for the plant based on the power generated values during these years.

Effective PID-PSS design using Bat algorithm for SMIB power system

Abstract: In this article, a proportional-integral-derivative (PID) based power system stabilizer is designed for single-machine infinite-bus (SMIB) power system using the bat-inspired algorithm (BA). The parameters of PID controller are tuned using BA under the consideration of an objective function based on eigenvalue shifting in D-shape sector in s-plane. The performance of the system with such a BA tuned PID-PSS is evaluated and compared to fuzzy PSS in terms of settling time, performance indices and eigenvalue.

Satellite Image Enhancement using Discrete Wavelet Transform, Singular Value Decomposition and its Noise Performance Analysis

Abstract: This paper introduce a new concept of satellite image resolution and contrast enhancement technique when the image is suffered from the noise and filtering it by various types of filters then the image is processed by discrete wavelet transform (DWT) and singular value decomposition (SVD) to get new modified contrast and resolution enhanced image. Satellite images are used in many applications such as geosciences studies, astronomy, and geographical information systems. Two most important quality factors of images are contrast and resolution, here this technique decomposes the input filtered image into the four frequency sub-bands by using DWT and then the high frequency subband images and input image have been interpolated along with this the technique also estimates the singular value matrix of the low–low sub band of histogram equalized image and input filtered image then normalize both singular value matrices to obtain brightness enhanced image. In, order to get the new image of better contrast and resolution all these subbands are combined using inverse DWT. The following procedure is done with different types of noises and different types of filters then they are compared with conventional image equalization techniques such as general histogram equalization (GHE), local histogram equalization (LHE) and also from state-of-the-art technique which is singular value equalization (SVE) and Discrete Wavelet Transform (DWT) and the experimental results show the supremacy of the proposed method over conventional and state-of-art techniques.

Analysis of hybrid energy system for supply residential electrical load by HOMER and RETScreen: A case in Rajasthan, India

Abstract: This paper presents optimization of hybrid energy system to supply electrical load of a residential house located at Jahazpur, Bhilwara in East-South region of Rajasthan, India. The electrical load of the house is calculated by energy consumption of various electrical appliances used and supplied by hybrid energy system includes Solar Photo Voltaic (PV), Small Wind Turbine (WT), Battery, and Diesel Generator system. The modeling and optimization of hybrid energy system done using HOMER (Hybrid Optimization Model for Electric Renewable) developed by NREL (National Renewable Energy Laboratory). HOMER gives the optimum configuration of hybrid energy system for minimizing the Net Present Cost (NPC) of the system. Optimized system configuration further analysed by using RETScreen software tools developed by ministry of natural resources, Canada. The various analysis done in RETScreen includes Net Present Value (NPV) analysis, payback period analysis, internal rate of return (IRR) analysis, and effect of tax and subsidies.