RAND Corporation

About: RAND Corporation is a nonprofit organization based out in Santa Monica, California, United States. It is known for research contribution in the topics: Population & Health care. The organization has 9602 authors who have published 18570 publications receiving 744658 citations.

Monthly Average Sea-Surface Temperatures and Ice-Pack Limits on a 1 degree Global Grid

Abstract: Climatological monthly ocean-surface temperatures obtained from the National Center for Atmospheric Research and from Fleet Numerical Weather Central are merged and interpolated onto a 1° global grid. Monthly distributions of the main ice packs of the Arctic and Antarctic are digitized from Fleet Weather Facility ice charts and Navy atlases, and are incorporated into the global arrays. Machine-analyzed maps of the resulting distributions for the months of January, March, May, July, September and November are presented to indicate the seasonal variations of temperature and ice extent.

Sex differences in recent first-onset depression in an epidemiological sample of adolescents

Abstract: Prior studies provide limited and contradictory evidence regarding sex differences in the incidence of depression during adolescence, a critical period for development of the disorder Data from six consecutive years (2009–2014) of a national survey of US adolescents aged 12–17 (N=101 685) are used to characterize sex differences in the incidence of depression by age and to compare recent first-onset and persistent depression with respect to impairment, suicide attempts, conduct problems and academic functioning Projecting from age-specific incidence proportions, the cumulative incidence of depression between the ages of 12 and 17 is 136% among male and 361% among female subjects The sex difference in incidence is significant at the age of 12 years (52% in female versus 20% in male subjects, P<00001), and it is significantly larger at ages of 13 through 17 years than at the age of 12 years (P-values<005) Depression-related impairment is lower in recent first-onset than in persistent depression among female but not among male subjects The prevalence of conduct problems and poor academic functioning is higher in both recent first-onset and persistent depression relative to those with no depression for both male and female subjects The incidence of depression during adolescence is higher than that suggested by prior studies based on retrospective recall Contrary to prior studies, evidence suggests that the sex difference in depression originates during childhood and grows in magnitude during adolescence High levels of impairment, suicide attempts, conduct problems and poor academic functioning argue against a 'wait and see' approach to clinical treatment of recent first-onset depression

Personal and psychosocial risk factors for physical and mental health outcomes and course of depression among depressed patients

Abstract: This article focuses on personal and psychosocial factors to identify those that predict change in functioning and well-being and clinical course of depression in depressed outpatients over time. Data from 604 depressed patients in The Medical Outcomes Study showed improvements in measures of functioning and well-being associated with patients who were employed, drank less alcohol, and had active coping styles. Better clinical course of depression was associated with patients who had high levels of social support, who had more active and less avoidant coping styles, who were physically active, and who had fewer comorbid chronic conditions. Findings provide some guidance as to what can be done to improve depressed patients' levels of physical and mental health and affect the clinical course of depression.

The effects of primary care depression treatment on patients' clinical status and employment.

Abstract: Objective To evaluate the effects of depression treatment in primary care on patients' clinical status and employment, over six months.