RAND Corporation

About: RAND Corporation is a nonprofit organization based out in Santa Monica, California, United States. It is known for research contribution in the topics: Health care & Population. The organization has 9602 authors who have published 18570 publications receiving 744658 citations.

Tutoring: Guided Learning by Doing

Abstract: Individualized instruction significantly improves students' pedagogical and motivational outcomes. In this article, we seek to characterize tutorial behaviors that could lead to these benefits and to consider why these actions should be pedagogically useful. This experiment examined university students learning LISP programming with the assistance of a tutor. Tutoring sessions were audiotaped, allowing u to analyze every verbal utterance during the sessions and thereby to identify the conversational events that lead to pedagogical success. This discourse analysis suggests that tutors are successful because they take a very active role in leading the problem solving by offering confirmatory feedback and additional guidance while students are on profitable paths and error feedback after mistakes. However, tutors carefully structure their feedback to allow students to perform as much of the work as possible while the tutor ensures that problem solving stays on track. These results suggest the types of strate...

Hospital fall prevention: a systematic review of implementation, components, adherence, and effectiveness

Abstract: In-hospital falls are a significant clinical, legal, and regulatory problem, but information on effective fall reduction is lacking. The Centers for Medicare and Medicaid Services no longer reimburses hospitals for in-hospital falls with trauma.1 As the U.S. population ages, fall prevention is more relevant than ever; older, frail individuals are more prone to falls, and the consequences of falls are more severe.2,3 Preventing falls in U.S. acute care hospitals poses particular challenges, given that patients are acutely ill and average only 4.9 days in the hospital.4 This compressed acuity places a greater burden on staff to keep patients safe, so results from fall prevention interventions in long-term care facilities may not apply to acute care settings. Similarly, results from the international literature, where hospital stays are longer, may not generalize to U.S. hospitals. Fall prevention programs are typically complex, involving multiple components that depend on leadership involvement and the cooperation of frontline staff from multiple disciplines. Programs may require potent monitoring strategies to ensure that staff adhere to implemented care protocols. Recent reviews provide limited evidence for acute care settings.3,5–7 It was hypothesized that the confluence of an effective strategy to implement interventions into clinical practice in acute care settings, the intervention components chosen, the type of monitoring strategies used to ensure adherence, and the baseline level of care intensity provided in the comparison group would determine a fall prevention program's success. A systematic review was performed documenting implementation strategies, intervention components and comparators, adherence information, and the effectiveness of published fall prevention approaches in U.S. acute care hospitals.

Improving School Leadership

Abstract: notice appearing later in this work. This electronic representation of RAND intellectual property is provided for non-commercial use only. Unauthorized posting of RAND PDFs to a non-RAND Web site is prohibited. RAND PDFs are protected under copyright law. Permission is required from RAND to reproduce, or reuse in another form, any of our research documents for commercial use. For information on reprint and linking permissions, please see RAND Permissions. Limited Electronic Distribution Rights Visit RAND at www.rand.org Explore RAND Education View document details For More Information Purchase this document Browse Books & Publications Make a charitable contribution Support RAND This PDF document was made available from www.rand.org as a public service of the RAND Corporation.

Wearing body cameras increases assaults against officers and does not reduce police use of force: Results from a global multi-site experiment:

Abstract: This is the final version of the article. It first appeared from Sage via https://doi.org/10.1177/1477370816643734.