Institution
RAND Corporation
Nonprofit•Santa Monica, California, United States•
About: RAND Corporation is a nonprofit organization based out in Santa Monica, California, United States. It is known for research contribution in the topics: Population & Health care. The organization has 9602 authors who have published 18570 publications receiving 744658 citations.
Topics: Population, Health care, Poison control, Mental health, Public health
Papers published on a yearly basis
Papers
More filters
••
TL;DR: Clinicians need to carefully screen for substance abuse and mental health disorders in candidates for opioid therapy and facilitate appropriate treatment of these disorders.
Abstract: A central question in prescribing opioids for chronic non-cancer pain (CNCP) is how to best balance the risk of opioid abuse and dependence with the benefits of pain relief. To achieve this balance, clinicians need an understanding of the risk factors for opioid abuse, an issue that is only partially understood. We conducted a secondary data analysis of regional VA longitudinal administrative data (years 2000-2005) for chronic users of opioids for CNCP (n=15,160) to investigate risk factors for the development of clinically recognized (i.e., diagnosed) opioid abuse or dependence among these individuals. We analyzed four broad groups of possible risk factors: (i) non-opioid substance abuse disorders, (ii) painful physical health disorders, (iii) mental health disorders, and (iv) socio-demographic factors. In adjusted models, a diagnosis of non-opioid substance abuse was the strongest predictor of opioid abuse/dependence (OR=2.34, p<0.001). Mental health disorders were moderately strong predictors (OR=1.46, p=0.005) of opioid abuse/dependence. However, the prevalence of mental health disorders was much higher than the prevalence of non-opioid substance abuse disorders (45.3% vs. 7.6%) among users of opioids for CNCP, suggesting that mental health disorders account for more of the population attributable risk for opioid abuse than does non-opioid substance abuse. Males, younger adults, and individuals with greater days supply of prescription opioids dispensed in 2002 were more likely to develop opioid abuse/dependence. Clinicians need to carefully screen for substance abuse and mental health disorders in candidates for opioid therapy and facilitate appropriate treatment of these disorders.
463 citations
••
TL;DR: In this paper, a theory of pressure broadening is developed which treats the perturbers quantum mechanically and allows for inelastic collisions, degeneracy, and overlapping lines, and the effective interaction is expressed in terms of the one-perturber quantum mechanical transition amplitudes on and near the energy shell.
Abstract: The work of two previous papers is extended and a theory of pressure broadening is developed which treats the perturbers quantum mechanically and allows for inelastic collisions, degeneracy, and overlapping lines. The impact approximation is used. It consists in assuming that it takes, on the average, many collisions to produce an appreciable disturbance in the wave function of the atom, and it results in an isolated line having a Lorentz shape. Validity criteria are given. When the approximation is valid, it is allowable to replace the exact, fluctuating interaction of the perturbers with the atom by a constant effective interaction. The effective interaction is expressed in terms of the one-perturber quantum mechanical transition amplitudes on and near the energy shell and its close relationship to the scattering matrix is stressed. The calculation of the line shape in terms of the effective interaction is the same as when the perturbers move on classical paths. Results are written explicitly for isolated lines. If the interaction of the perturbers with the final state can be neglected, the shift and width are proportional to the real and imaginary part of the forward elastic scattering amplitude, respectively. By the optical theorem, the width can also be written in terms of the total cross section. When the interaction in the final state cannot be neglected, the shift and width are still given in terms of the elastic scattering amplitudes, in a slightly more complicated fashion. Finally, rules are given for taking into account rotational degeneracy of the radiating states.
462 citations
••
TL;DR: Strong initial evidence for reliability, construct validity, and responsiveness of the PEG among primary care and other ambulatory clinic patients is provided and it may be a practical and useful tool to improve assessment and monitoring of chronic pain in primary care.
Abstract: BACKGROUND
Inadequate pain assessment is a barrier to appropriate pain management, but single-item “pain screening” provides limited information about chronic pain. Multidimensional pain measures such as the Brief Pain Inventory (BPI) are widely used in pain specialty and research settings, but are impractical for primary care. A brief and straightforward multidimensional pain measure could potentially improve initial assessment and follow-up of chronic pain in primary care.
461 citations
••
TL;DR: The role of health in explaining mortality and marriage patterns is explored, and protective effects from two types of selection effects are distinguished: adverse selection on the basis of health (unhealthy men tend to (re)marry sooner) and positive selection on an unmeasured factors that both promote good health and encourage marriage.
Abstract: Prior literature has shown that married men live longer than unmarried men. Possible explanations are that marriage protects its incumbents or that healthier men select themselves into marriage. Protective effects, however, introduce the possibility of adverse selection: Those in poor health have incentive to marry. In this paper we explore the role of health in explaining mortality and marriage patterns, and distinguish protective effects from two types of selection effects. We find adverse selection on the basis of health (unhealthy men tend to (re)marry sooner) and positive selection on the basis of unmeasured factors that both promote good health and encourage marriage.
461 citations
••
TL;DR: A 6-month quality improvement intervention aimed at improving access to evidence-based depression treatments through primary care was significantly more effective than usual care for depressed adolescents from diverse primary care practices.
Abstract: ContextDepression is a common condition associated with significant morbidity
in adolescents. Few depressed adolescents receive effective treatment for
depression in primary care settings.ObjectiveTo evaluate the effectiveness of a quality improvement intervention
aimed at increasing access to evidence-based treatments for depression (particularly
cognitive-behavior therapy and antidepressant medication), relative to usual
care, among adolescents in primary care practices.Design, Setting, and ParticipantsRandomized controlled trial conducted between 1999 and 2003 enrolling
418 primary care patients with current depressive symptoms, aged 13 through
21 years, from 5 health care organizations purposively selected to include
managed care, public sector, and academic medical center clinics in the United
States.InterventionUsual care (n = 207) or 6-month quality improvement intervention
(n = 211) including expert leader teams at each site, care managers
who supported primary care clinicians in evaluating and managing patients’
depression, training for care managers in manualized cognitive-behavior therapy
for depression, and patient and clinician choice regarding treatment modality.
Participating clinicians also received education regarding depression evaluation,
management, and pharmacological and psychosocial treatment.Main Outcome MeasuresDepressive symptoms assessed by Center for Epidemiological Studies-Depression
Scale (CES-D) score. Secondary outcomes were mental health–related quality
of life assessed by Mental Health Summary Score (MCS-12) and satisfaction
with mental health care assessed using a 5-point scale.ResultsSix months after baseline assessments, intervention patients, compared
with usual care patients, reported significantly fewer depressive symptoms
(mean [SD] CES-D scores, 19.0 [11.9] vs 21.4 [13.1]; P = .02),
higher mental health–related quality of life (mean [SD] MCS-12 scores,
44.6 [11.3] vs 42.8 [12.9]; P = .03), and
greater satisfaction with mental health care (mean [SD] scores, 3.8 [0.9]
vs 3.5 [1.0]; P = .004). Intervention patients
also reported significantly higher rates of mental health care (32.1% vs 17.2%, P<.001) and psychotherapy or counseling (32.0% vs 21.2%, P = .007).ConclusionsA 6-month quality improvement intervention aimed at improving access
to evidence-based depression treatments through primary care was significantly
more effective than usual care for depressed adolescents from diverse primary
care practices. The greater uptake of counseling vs medication under the intervention
reinforces the importance of practice interventions that include resources
to enable evidence-based psychotherapy for depressed adolescents.
460 citations
Authors
Showing all 9660 results
Name | H-index | Papers | Citations |
---|---|---|---|
Darien Wood | 160 | 2174 | 136596 |
Herbert A. Simon | 157 | 745 | 194597 |
Ron D. Hays | 135 | 781 | 82285 |
Paul G. Shekelle | 132 | 601 | 101639 |
John E. Ware | 121 | 327 | 134031 |
Linda Darling-Hammond | 109 | 374 | 59518 |
Robert H. Brook | 105 | 571 | 43743 |
Clifford Y. Ko | 104 | 514 | 37029 |
Lotfi A. Zadeh | 104 | 331 | 148857 |
Claudio Ronco | 102 | 1312 | 72828 |
Joseph P. Newhouse | 101 | 484 | 47711 |
Kenneth B. Wells | 100 | 484 | 47479 |
Moyses Szklo | 99 | 428 | 47487 |
Alan M. Zaslavsky | 98 | 444 | 58335 |
Graham J. Hutchings | 97 | 995 | 44270 |