scispace - formally typeset
Search or ask a question
Institution

RAND Corporation

NonprofitSanta Monica, California, United States
About: RAND Corporation is a nonprofit organization based out in Santa Monica, California, United States. It is known for research contribution in the topics: Population & Health care. The organization has 9602 authors who have published 18570 publications receiving 744658 citations.


Papers
More filters
Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: Geographic variation in fruit and vegetable prices is large enough to explain a meaningful amount of the differential gain in BMI among elementary school children across metropolitan areas, but as consumption information was not available, it cannot confirm that this is the actual pathway.

423 citations

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: The appropriateness of carotid endarterectomy was determined in a random sample of 1302 Medicare patients in three geographic areas who had had the procedure in 1981 by a panel of nationally known experts using a modified Delphi technique.
Abstract: Carotid endarterectomy is a commonly performed but controversial procedure. We developed from the literature a list of 864 possible reasons for performing carotid endarterectomy, and asked a panel of nationally known experts to rate the appropriateness of each indication using a modified Delphi technique. On the basis of the panel's ratings, we determined the appropriateness of carotid endarterectomy in a random sample of 1302 Medicare patients in three geographic areas who had had the procedure in 1981. Thirty-five percent of the patients in our sample had carotid endarterectomy for appropriate reasons, 32 percent for equivocal reasons, and 32 percent for inappropriate reasons. Of the patients having inappropriate surgery, 48 percent had less than 50 percent stenosis of the carotid artery that was operated on. Fifty-four percent of all the procedures were performed in patients without transient ischemic attacks in the carotid distribution. Of these procedures, 18 percent were judged appropriate, as compared with 55 percent judged appropriate in patients with transient ischemic attacks in the carotid distribution. After carotid endarterectomy, 9.8 percent of patients had a major complication (stroke with residual deficit at the time of hospital discharge or death within 30 days of surgery). We conclude that carotid endarterectomy was substantially overused in the three geographic areas we studied. Furthermore, in situations in which the complication rate is equal to or above the study's aggregate rate, carotid endarterectomy would not be warranted, even in cases with an appropriate indication, because the risks would almost certainly outweigh the benefits.

421 citations

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: In this article, the implementation of educational innovation is discussed and the authors propose a method to implement educational innovation based on the idea of implementation of education innovation in the field of education.
Abstract: (1976). Implementation of Educational Innovation. The Educational Forum: Vol. 40, No. 3, pp. 345-370.

421 citations

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: Comorbid PTSD among depressed patients is associated with increased illness burden, poorer prognosis, and delayed response to depression treatment, and Providers should consider recommending psychotherapeutic interventions for depressed patients with PTSD.
Abstract: Compared to those with depression alone, depressed patients with posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) experience more severe psychiatric symptomatology and factors that complicate treatment. To estimate PTSD prevalence among depressed military veteran primary care patients and compare demographic/illness characteristics of PTSD screen-positive depressed patients (MDD-PTSD+) to those with depression alone (MDD). Cross-sectional comparison of MDD patients versus MDD-PTSD+ patients. Six hundred seventy-seven randomly sampled depressed patients with at least 1 primary care visit in the previous 12 months. Participants composed the baseline sample of a group randomized trial of collaborative care for depression in 10 VA primary care practices in 5 states. The Patient Health Questionnaire-9 assessed MDD. Probable PTSD was defined as a Primary Care PTSD Screen ≥ 3. Regression-based techniques compared MDD and MDD-PTSD+ patients on demographic/illness characteristics. Thirty-six percent of depressed patients screened positive for PTSD. Adjusting for sociodemographic differences and physical illness comorbidity, MDD-PTSD+ patients reported more severe depression (P < .001), lower social support (P < .001), more frequent outpatient health care visits (P < .001), and were more likely to report suicidal ideation (P < .001) than MDD patients. No differences were observed in alcohol consumption, self-reported general health, and physical illness comorbidity. PTSD is more common among depressed primary care patients than previously thought. Comorbid PTSD among depressed patients is associated with increased illness burden, poorer prognosis, and delayed response to depression treatment. Providers should consider recommending psychotherapeutic interventions for depressed patients with PTSD.

421 citations

Journal ArticleDOI
D. J. Davis1
TL;DR: The rationale and statistical techniques employed in the analysis of some failure data obtained from operations performed by machines and people are summarized and the agreement between theory and data is evaluated.
Abstract: This paper summarizes the rationale and statistical techniques employed in the analysis of some failure data obtained from operations performed by machines and people. These data are compared to frequency distributions arising from either an exponential or a normal theory of failure. The agreement between theory and data is evaluated.

419 citations


Authors

Showing all 9660 results

NameH-indexPapersCitations
Darien Wood1602174136596
Herbert A. Simon157745194597
Ron D. Hays13578182285
Paul G. Shekelle132601101639
John E. Ware121327134031
Linda Darling-Hammond10937459518
Robert H. Brook10557143743
Clifford Y. Ko10451437029
Lotfi A. Zadeh104331148857
Claudio Ronco102131272828
Joseph P. Newhouse10148447711
Kenneth B. Wells10048447479
Moyses Szklo9942847487
Alan M. Zaslavsky9844458335
Graham J. Hutchings9799544270
Network Information
Related Institutions (5)
Columbia University
224K papers, 12.8M citations

88% related

Johns Hopkins University
249.2K papers, 14M citations

88% related

University of Michigan
342.3K papers, 17.6M citations

88% related

University of Washington
305.5K papers, 17.7M citations

88% related

Stanford University
320.3K papers, 21.8M citations

86% related

Performance
Metrics
No. of papers from the Institution in previous years
YearPapers
202311
202277
2021640
2020574
2019548
2018491