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Institution

Rice University

EducationHouston, Texas, United States
About: Rice University is a education organization based out in Houston, Texas, United States. It is known for research contribution in the topics: Population & Carbon nanotube. The organization has 28664 authors who have published 56387 publications receiving 2663929 citations. The organization is also known as: William Marsh Rice University.


Papers
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Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: In this paper, the authors discuss opportunities for nanotechnology-enabled in situ remediation technologies to address soil and groundwater contamination, as well as the potential barriers for implementation and strategies and research needs to overcome these barriers.
Abstract: Complex subsurface contamination domains and limited efficacy of existing treatment approaches pose significant challenges to site remediation and underscore the need for technological innovation to develop cost-effective remedies. Here, we discuss opportunities for nanotechnology-enabled in situ remediation technologies to address soil and groundwater contamination. The discussion covers candidate nanomaterials, applications of nanomaterials to complement existing remediation approaches and address emerging contaminants, as well as the potential barriers for implementation and strategies and research needs to overcome these barriers. Promising nanomaterials in subsurface remediation include multi-functional nanocomposites for synergistic contaminant sequestration and degradation, selective adsorbents and catalysts, nano-tracers for subsurface contaminant delineation, and slow-release reagents enabled by stimuli-responsive nanomaterials. Limitations on mixing and transport of nanomaterials in the subsurface are severe constraints for in situ applications of these materials. Mixing enhancements are needed to overcome transport limitations in laminar flow environments. Reactive nanomaterials may be generated in situ to remediate contamination in low hydraulic conductivity zones. Overall, nano-enabled remediation technologies may improve remediation performance for a broad range of legacy and emerging contaminants. These technologies should continue to be developed and tested to discern theoretical hypotheses from feasible opportunities, and to establish realistic performance expectations for in situ remediation techniques using engineered nanomaterials alone or in combination with other technologies.

67 citations

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: NPQ could improve photosynthesis in rice under moderate light and alleviate photodamage under high light via a decrease in ROS generation, as well as lower photoinhibitory quenching and production of reactive oxygen species (ROS).
Abstract: Non-photochemical quenching (NPQ) is an important photoprotective mechanism in rice; however, little is known regarding its role in the photosynthetic response of rice plants with differing in leaf color to different irradiances. In this study, 2 rice genotypes containing different chlorophyll contents, namely Zhefu802 (high chlorophyll) and Chl-8 (low chlorophyll), were subjected to moderate or high levels of light intensity at the 6-leaf stage. Chl-8 possessed a lower chlorophyll content and higher chlorophyll a:b ratio compared with Zhefu802, while Pn, Fv/Fm and ΦPSII contents were higher in Chl-8. Further results indicated that no significant differences were observed in the activities of Rubisco, Mg2+-ATPase, and Ca2+-ATPase between these genotypes. This suggested that no significant difference in the capacity for CO2 assimilation exists between Zhe802 and Chl-8. Additionally, no significant differences in stomatal limitation were observed between the genotypes. Interestingly, higher NPQ and energy quenching (qE), as well as lower photoinhibitory quenching (qI) and production of reactive oxygen species (ROS) was observed in Chl-8 compared with Zhefu802 under both moderate and high light treatments. This indicated that NPQ could improve photosynthesis in rice under both moderate and high light intensities, particularly the latter, whereby NPQ alleviates photodamage by reducing ROS production. Both zeaxanthin content and the expression of PsbS1 were associated with the induction of NPQ under moderate light, while only zeaxanthin was associated with NPQ induction under high light. In summary, NPQ could improve photosynthesis in rice under moderate light and alleviate photodamage under high light via a decrease in ROS generation.

67 citations

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: In this paper, a pressureless Euler system with a non-linear density-dependent alignment term, originating in the Cucker-Smale swarming models, was studied, and it was shown that the alignment nonlinearity enhances the dissipation, and the solutions are globally regular for all.
Abstract: We study a pressureless Euler system with a non-linear density-dependent alignment term, originating in the Cucker–Smale swarming models. The alignment term is dissipative in the sense that it tends to equilibrate the velocities. Its density dependence is natural: the alignment rate increases in the areas of high density due to species discomfort. The diffusive term has the order of a fractional Laplacian $${(-\partial _{xx})^{\alpha/2}, \alpha \in (0, 1)}$$ . The corresponding Burgers equation with a linear dissipation of this type develops shocks in a finite time. We show that the alignment nonlinearity enhances the dissipation, and the solutions are globally regular for all $${\alpha \in (0, 1)}$$ . To the best of our knowledge, this is the first example of such regularization due to the non-local nonlinear modulation of dissipation.

67 citations

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: Differences can be observed by analysis of the solid-state 13C NMR spectra of the dodecylated SWNTs that have been prepared using the different alkali metals and may indicate differences in the relative amounts of 1,2- and 1,4-addition of the alkyl groups.
Abstract: Alkylation of nanotube salts prepared using either lithium, sodium, or potassium in liquid ammonia yields sidewall-functionalized nanotubes that are soluble in organic solvents. Atomic force microscopy and transmission electron microscopy studies of dodecylated SWNTs prepared from HiPco nanotubes and 1-iodododecane show that extensive debundling results from intercalation of the alkali metal into the SWNT ropes. TGA-FTIR analyses of samples prepared from the different metals revealed radically different thermal behavior during detachment of the dodecyl groups. The SWNTs prepared using lithium can be converted into the pristine SWNTs at 180−330 °C, whereas the dodecylated SWNTs prepared using sodium require a much higher temperature (380−530 °C) for dealkylation. SWNTs prepared using potassium behave differently, leading to detachment of the alkyl groups over the temperature range 180−500 °C. These differences can be observed by analysis of the solid-state 13C NMR spectra of the dodecylated SWNTs that have...

67 citations

Journal ArticleDOI
Erin A. Cech1
TL;DR: In this paper, the authors argue that cultural beliefs about professional work play an important role in reproducing wage inequalities within a profession's boundaries, and demonstrate that patterns of sex segregation and gendered wage allocation in engineering break consistently along the lines predicted by its "technical/social dualism" -an ideological distinction between technical and social engineering subfields and work activities.
Abstract: Can professional cultures contribute to wage inequality? Recent literature has demonstrated how widely held cultural biases reproduce ascriptive inequalities in the workforce, but cultural belief systems within professions have largely been ignored as mechanisms of intra-profession inequality. I argue that cultural ideologies about professional work, which may seem benign and have little salience outside of a profession’s boundaries, play an important role in reproducing wage inequalities therein. Using nationally representative data on engineers, I demonstrate that patterns of sex segregation and gendered wage allocation in engineering break consistently along the lines predicted by its “technical/social dualism”—an ideological distinction between “technical” and “social” engineering subfields and work activities. After explaining how these findings deepen our understanding of gender inequality in engineering, the article discusses how the consideration of professional cultures may open up fresh areas of inquiry into intra-profession inequality more generally.

67 citations


Authors

Showing all 28875 results

NameH-indexPapersCitations
Hagop M. Kantarjian2043708210208
Hongjie Dai197570182579
Alan C. Evans183866134642
Pulickel M. Ajayan1761223136241
Wei Li1581855124748
David Tilman158340149473
Menachem Elimelech15754795285
Richard E. Smalley153494111117
Jay Roberts1521562120516
Ashok Kumar1515654164086
Yoshio Bando147123480883
Marco Zanetti1451439104610
Frank Jm Geurts1441484107855
James M. Tour14385991364
Daniela Bortoletto1431883108433
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Performance
Metrics
No. of papers from the Institution in previous years
YearPapers
202375
2022375
20213,146
20203,335
20192,890
20182,697