Showing papers by "Rio de Janeiro State University published in 2005"
TL;DR: Diet associated with exercise results in significant and clinically meaningful initial weight loss and is partially sustained after 1 y, while diet alone resulted in a 20% greater sustained weight loss than diet alone.
Abstract: To assess the effectiveness of dietary interventions and exercise in long-term weight loss in overweight and obese people. A systematic review with meta-analysis. Overweight and obese adults—18 years old or older with body mass index (calculated as weight divided by the square of height in meters)>25. Medline, Cochrane Library and Lilacs databases up to March 2003. Also, published reviews and all relevant studies and their reference lists were reviewed in search for other pertinent publications. No language restrictions were imposed. Randomised clinical trials comparing diet and exercise interventions vs diet alone. All trials included a follow-up of 1 y after intervention. Two reviewers independently abstracted data and evaluated the studies’ quality with criteria adapted from the Jadad Scale and the Delphi list. The estimate of the intervention's effect size was based on the differences between the comparison groups, and then the overall effect was calculated. A chi-squared test was used to assess statistical heterogeneity. A total of 33 trials evaluating diet, exercise or diet and exercise were found. Only 6 studies directly comparing diet and exercise vs diet alone were included (3 additional studies reporting repeated observations were excluded). The active intervention period ranged between 10 and 52 weeks across studies. Diet associated with exercise produced a 20% greater initial weight loss. (13 kg vs 9.9 kg; z=1.86—p=0.063, 95%CI). The combined intervention also resulted in a 20% greater sustained weight loss after 1 y (6.7 kg vs 4.5 kg; z=1.89—p=0.058, 95%CI) than diet alone. In both groups, almost half of the initial weight loss was regained after 1 y. Diet associated with exercise results in significant and clinically meaningful initial weight loss. This is partially sustained after 1 y.
665 citations
TL;DR: The Brazilian version of the short form of the Oral Health Impact Profile (OHIP14) has good psychometric properties, which are similar to those of the original instrument.
Abstract: Objective: The aim of the study is to evaluate the measurement properties of the Brazilian version of the short form of the Oral Health Impact Profile (OHIP14).
Methods: Data were obtained from a cross-sectional study designed to assess the impact of toothache on quality of life during pregnancy. The sample consisted of 504 postpartum women (mean age 24 years; SD 6.2), most of whom had unsolved dental problems and belonged to low-income families. The questionnaire was administered in the form of interviews by two trained interviewers who also performed clinical examinations. Reliability was assessed in terms of internal consistency and stability. Construct validity was evaluated based on comparison of the total scores among groups according to: self-perceived and normative oral health care needs, self-perceived general and oral health status, presence of carious lesions and tooth loss. It was also hypothesized that the scores of OHIP14 and Oral Impacts on Daily Performances (OIDP) would correlate with each other.
Results: Both test–retest stability and internal consistency, as measured by the intra-class correlation coefficient (0.87) and by Cronbach's alpha (0.91), proved to be adequate. Construct validity was confirmed as the correlation between OHIP14 scores with self-perceived general and oral health were in the expected direction, and the differences in scores of the groups formed according to the selected attributes were significant at values of P ≤ 0.05 (Mann–Whitney test). Moreover, the correlation coefficient between OIDP and OHIP14 was 0.76 (rs).
Conclusion: The Brazilian version of OHIP14 has good psychometric properties, which are similar to those of the original instrument.
415 citations
TL;DR: In this paper, a validade of Escala de Depressao Geriatrica (EDG-15) was used to identify episodio de depression in idosos atendidos em ambulatorio gerais no Brazil.
Abstract: OBJETIVO: A Escala de Depressao Geriatrica, utilizada para o rastreamento de sintomas depressivos em idosos, ainda nao teve suas caracteristicas de medida avaliadas em ambulatorios gerais no Brasil. O objetivo foi estudar a validade da Escala, com 15 itens (EDG-15), na identificacao de episodio de Depressao Maior ou Distimia em idosos atendidos em ambulatorio geral. METODOS: A Escala foi aplicada em 302 individuos com 65 anos ou mais, que em seguida foram examinados, de maneira independente, por um geriatra que nao tinha conhecimento dos resultados da Escala. Os diagnosticos de Depressao Maior ou Distimia foram feitos utilizando-se os criterios do Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders-IV. A sensibilidade e a especificidade nos varios pontos de corte foram expressas pela curva Receiver Operating Characteristic. RESULTADOS: O ponto de corte de melhor equilibrio foi 5/6, obteve sensibilidade de 81% e especificidade de 71%; e o valor da area sob a curva Receiver Operating Characteristic foi de 0,85 (IC 95%: 0,79-0,91). CONCLUSOES: A Escala de Depressao Geriatrica pode ser utilizada para o rastreamento de sintomas depressivos na populacao geriatrica ambulatorial brasileira. O ponto de corte 5/6, sugerido inicialmente por outros autores, mostrou-se adequado.
372 citations
TL;DR: Results indicated that emotional stimuli may evoke pure disgust with or without indignation, and these different aspects of the experience of disgust could be elicited by a set of written statements, and pure disgust and indignation recruited both overlapping and distinct brain regions, mainly in the frontal and temporal lobes.
Abstract: Recent investigations in cognitive neuroscience have shown that ordinary human behavior is guided by emotions that are uniquely human in their experiential and interpersonal aspects. These ''moral emotions'' contribute importantly to human social behavior and derive from the neurobehavioral reorganization of the basic plan of emotions that pervade mammalian life. Disgust is one prototypic emotion with multiple domains that include viscerosomatic reaction patterns and subjective experiences linked to (a) the sensory prop- erties of a class of natural stimuli, (b) a set of aversive experiences and (c) a unique mode of experiencing morality. In the current investigation, we tested the hypotheses that (a) the experience of disgust devoid of moral connotations (''pure disgust'') can be sub- jectively and behaviorally differentiated from the experience of disgust disguised in the moral emotion of ''indignation'' and that (b) pure disgust and indignation may have partially overlapping neural substrates. Thirteen normal adult volunteers were investigated with functional magnetic resonance imaging as they read a series of statements depicting scenarios of pure disgust, indignation, and neutral emotion. After the scanning procedure, they assigned one basic and one moral emotion to each stimulus from an array of six basic and seven moral emotions. Results indicated that (a) emotional stimuli may evoke pure disgust with or without indignation, (b) these different aspects of the experience of disgust could be elicited by a set of written statements, and (c) pure disgust and indignation recruited both overlapping and distinct brain regions, mainly in the frontal and temporal lobes. This work underscores the importance of the prefrontal and orbitofrontal cortices in moral judgment and in the automatic attribution of morality to social events. Human disgust encompasses a variety of emotional experiences that are ingrained in frontal, temporal, and limbic networks.
321 citations
TL;DR: Good evidence is found for a high construct validity of the Medical Outcomes Study's social support scale adapted to Portuguese, when utilized in a cohort study among non-faculty civil servants at a university in Rio de Janeiro, Brazil, supporting its use in future analyses in the Pró-Saúde Study and in similar population groups.
Abstract: This paper evaluates the construct validity of the Medical Outcomes Study's social support scale adapted to Portuguese, when utilized in a cohort study among non-faculty civil servants at a university in Rio de Janeiro, Brazil (Pro-Saude Study). Baseline data were obtained in 1999, when 4,030 participants (92.0% of those eligible) completed a multidimensional self-administered questionnaire at the workplace. From the original scale's five social support dimensions, factor analysis of the data extracted only three dimensions: positive social interaction/affective support; emotional/information support; and material support. We estimated associations between social support dimensions and socio-demographic, health, and well being-related characteristics. We confirmed the hypotheses that less isolated individuals, those with better self-rated health, those who reported more participation in group activities, and those with no evidence of common mental disorders reported better perception of social support. In conclusion, we found good evidence for a high construct validity of this scale, supporting its use in future analyses in the Pro-Saude Study and in similar population groups.
287 citations
TL;DR: Performing exercises of both the large- and the small-muscle groups at the end of an exercise sequence resulted in significantly fewer repetitions in the 3 sets of an Exercise sequence.
Abstract: The purpose of this study was to investigate the influence of different resistance exercise orders on the number of repetitions performed to failure and on the ratings of perceived exertion (RPE) in trained women. Twenty-three women with a minimum of 2 years of resistance training experience volunteered to participate in the study (age, 24.2 +/- 4.5 years; weight, 56.9 +/- 4.7 kg; height, 162.3 +/- 5.9 cm; percent body fat, 18.2 +/- 2.9%; body mass index, 22.2 +/- 2 kg x m(-2)). Data were collected in 2 phases: (a) determination of a 1 repetition maximum (1RM) for the leg-press (LP), bench press (BP), leg extension (LE), seated machine shoulder press (SP), leg curl (LC), and seated machine triceps extension (TE); and (b) execution of 3 sets, with 2-minute rest intervals between sets and exercises, until fatigue using 80% of 1RM in 2 exercise sequences of the exact opposite order--Sequence A: BP, SP, TE, LP, LE, and LC, and Sequence B: LC, LE, LP, TE, SP, and BP. The RPE (Borg CR-10) was accessed immediately after each sequence and analyzed using a Wilcoxon test. A 2-way analysis of variance with repeated measurements, followed by a post hoc Fisher least significant difference test where indicated was used to analyze the number of repetitions per set of each exercise during the 2 sequences. The RPE was not significantly different between the sequences. The mean number of repetitions per set was always less when an exercise was performed later in the exercise sequence. The data indicate that in trained women, performance of both large- and small-muscle group exercises is affected by exercise sequence.
227 citations
TL;DR: In this article, seismic reflection profiles in the western part of the Gulf of Lions were used to confirm the basinward extension of the Messinian erosion and enable the mapping of distinctive seismic markers indicating Messinian Erosional Surface (or Messinian unconformity), the basin margin detrital deposits, and the deep evaporite sequence.
223 citations
TL;DR: In this paper, the authors focus on the discussion of a discursive approach developped as an alternative to the insufficiencies of content analysis, and the authors conclude that the practices in content analysis contributed to the positions assumed by discursive approaches.
Abstract: This paper focuses on the discussion of a discursive approach developped as an alternative to the insufficiencies of Content Analysis. Our goal in centered on two main questions: which are the insufficiencies which motivated a discursive approach; in what sense the practices in Content Analysis contributed to the positions assumed by a discursive approach. The conclusions indicate the need of further research on the unsettled relationship between text and context.
185 citations
TL;DR: In this article, the DELPHI data was combined with earlier data to search for phenomena beyond the Standard Model and the measured number of light neutrino families was consistent with three and the absence of an excess of events beyond that predicted by the standard model processes was used to set limits on new physics.
Abstract: The production of single- and multi-photon events has been studied in the reaction e+e- -> gamma (gamma) + invisible particles. The data collected with the DELPHI detector during the years 1999 and 2000 at centre-of-mass energies between 191 GeV and 209 GeV was combined with earlier data to search for phenomena beyond the Standard Model. The measured number of light neutrino families was consistent with three and the absence of an excess of events beyond that predicted by the Standard Model processes was used to set limits on new physics. Both model-independent searches and searches for new processes predicted by supersymmetric and extra-dimensional models have been made. Limits on new non-standard model interactions between neutrinos and electrons were also determined.
182 citations
TL;DR: Os resultados sugerem possiveis fatores de risco para o desenvolvimento of declinio funcional em idosas, tendo em vista that as associacoes encontradas foram consistentes com aquelas reportadas por outros estudos.
Abstract: OBJETIVO: Estimar as taxas de incapacidade funcional e identificar os fatores sociodemograficos associados com a prevalencia de incapacidade funcional entre as mulheres idosas. METODOS: As estimativas das taxas de incapacidade funcional foram produzidas com informacoes da Pesquisa Nacional por Amostra de Domicilios, de 1998, realizada pelo Instituto Brasileiro de Geografia e Estatistica. O estudo analisou a populacao de mulheres idosas, num total de 16.186. Foram elaborados modelos de regressao logistica, utilizando como variavel dependente a dificuldade para caminhar 100 metros. RESULTADOS: A prevalencia de incapacidade funcional leve, moderada e severa foi maior entre as mulheres, e aumentou com a idade. Na analise de regressao logistica, os indicadores mais fortemente associados com o aumento da prevalencia de incapacidade funcional foram baixo nivel de educacao e baixo rendimento familiar. Residencia rural foi tambem associada com reducao de prevalencia. CONCLUSOES: Os resultados sugerem possiveis fatores de risco para o desenvolvimento de declinio funcional em idosas, tendo em vista que as associacoes encontradas foram consistentes com aquelas reportadas por outros estudos.
177 citations
TL;DR: A prevalencia of sobrepeso em idosos foi alta tanto em homens quanto em mulheres e o indice de massa corporal guarda relacao similar com a adiposidade independente do envelhecimento.
Abstract: OBJETIVO: Avaliar o estado nutricional dos idosos e comparar o Indice de Massa Corporal (IMC=kg/m²) com varios indicadores de adiposidade e de localizacao de gordura em idosos e adultos de meia idade. METODOS: Idosos (N=699; 60 anos e mais) e adultos (N=1.306; 40-59,9 anos) participantes de inquerito realizado em 1996, no municipio do Rio de Janeiro foram avaliados quanto ao indice de massa corporal, perimetro braquial, perimetro da cintura, perimetro do quadril, espessuras das dobras cutâneas triciptal e subescapular, area de gordura e area muscular do braco obtidas a partir de procedimentos padronizados. Foram utilizados os pontos de corte propostos pela Organizacao Mundial de Saude para relacao cintura quadril, perimetro da cintura e indice de massa corporal. As comparacoes utilizaram o coeficiente de correlacao de Spearman e a regressao linear, ajustada para idade. RESULTADOS: Cerca de 50% dos idosos apresentaram sobrepeso. A prevalencia de inadequacao do perimetro da cintura e da relacao cintura quadril foi superior a 50% entre as mulheres e cerca de 40% para o perimetro da cintura e de 20% para a relacao cintura quadril entre os homens. As medidas relacionadas com adiposidade (perimetro da cintura, dobra cutânea triciptal, dobra cutânea subescapular e area de gordura do braco) apresentaram, em idosos, correlacoes parciais (ajustadas pela idade) com o indice de massa corporal entre 0,45 e 0,85 nos homens e de 0,54 a 0,86 nas mulheres. Tanto em adultos, quanto em idosos, a massa corporal seguida do perimetro da cintura foram as variaveis que mais explicaram o indice de massa corporal. CONCLUSOES: A prevalencia de sobrepeso em idosos foi alta tanto em homens quanto em mulheres e o indice de massa corporal guarda relacao similar com a adiposidade independente do envelhecimento.
TL;DR: It is shown that a reasonable density resolution can be achieved with a relatively small dose, which is comparable to or even lower than that of x-ray CT.
Abstract: Conformal proton radiation therapy requires accurate prediction of the Bragg peak position. Protons may be more suitable than conventional x rays for this task since the relative electron density distribution can be measured directly with proton computed tomography (CT). However, proton CT has its own limitations, which need to be carefully studied before this technique can be introduced into routine clinical practice. In this work, we have used analytical relationships as well as the Monte Carlo simulation tool GEANT4 to study the principal resolution limits of proton CT. The noise level observed in proton CT images of a cylindrical water phantom with embedded tissue-equivalent density inhomogeneities, which were generated based on GEANT4 simulations, compared well with predictions based on Tschalar's theory of energy loss straggling. The relationship between phantom thickness, initial energy, and the relative electron density resolution was systematically investigated to estimate the proton dose needed to obtain a given density resolution. We show that a reasonable density resolution can be achieved with a relatively small dose, which is comparable to or even lower than that of x-ray CT.
TL;DR: It is demonstrated that Nod1 detects the P. aeruginosa peptidoglycan leading to NF-κB activation and that this activity is diminished in epithelial cells expressing a dominant-negative Nod 1 construct or in mouse embryonic fibroblasts from Nod2 knock-out mice infected with P.aeruginose.
TL;DR: In this paper, composites were prepared using epoxy resin (ER), carboxyl-terminated butadiene acrylonitrile copolymer (CTBN), and hydroxylterminated polybutadiene (HTPB), in different proportions.
TL;DR: A collaborative work was carried out by the Spanish and Portuguese ISFG Working Group (GEP‐ISFG) to estimate Y‐STR mutation rates, and longer alleles were found to be more mutable, and the mutation rate seemed to increase with the father's age.
Abstract: A collaborative work was carried out by the Spanish and Portuguese ISFG Working Group (GEP-ISFG) to estimate Y-STR mutation rates. Seventeen Y chromosome STR loci (DYS19, DYS385, DYS389I and II, DYS390, DYS391, DYS392, DYS393, DYS437, DYS438, DYS439, DYS460, DYS461, DYS635 [GATA C4], GATA H4, and GATA A10) were analyzed in a sample of 3,026 father/son pairs. Among 27,029 allele transfers, 54 mutations were observed, with an overall mutation rate across the 17 loci of 1.998 x 10(-3) (95% CI, 1.501 x 10(-3) to 2.606 x 10(-3)). With just one exception, all of the mutations were single-step, and they were observed only once per gametogenesis. Repeat gains were more frequent than losses, longer alleles were found to be more mutable, and the mutation rate seemed to increase with the father's age. Hum Mutat 26(6), 520-528, 2005. (c) 2005 Wiley-Liss, Inc.
TL;DR: This paper carried out in situ U-Pb and Lu-Hf isotope analyses of detrital zircons from the Mississippi River in order to understand crustal reworking and continental growth rates.
Abstract: We carried out in situ U-Pb and Lu-Hf isotope analyses of detrital zircons from the Mississippi River in order to understand crustal reworking and continental growth rates. The U-Pb analyses for 416 zircons reveal three major peaks of crust formation at 2.8–2.6 Ga, 1.8–0.9 Ga, and after 0.2 Ga. Initial Hf isotope ratios were obtained for 402 of the dated zircons, and only 8% of the zircons have \batchmode \documentclass[fleqn,10pt,legalpaper]{article} \usepackage{amssymb} \usepackage{amsfonts} \usepackage{amsmath} \pagestyle{empty} \begin{document} \(\ \_{Hf(\mathit{T})\_{DM}}\) \end{document} values less negative than −2.5. These data correspond to a crustal residence time of <120 m.y. This finding indicates that crustal reworking was a very important process in continental crust formation. The \batchmode \documentclass[fleqn,10pt,legalpaper]{article} \usepackage{amssymb} \usepackage{amsfonts} \usepackage{amsmath} \pagestyle{empty} \begin{document} \(\ \_{Hf(\mathit{T})\_{DM}}\) \end{document} population demonstrates that reworking was predominant at 2.5–2.0 Ga and after 0.9 Ga, whereas juvenile crust formation dominated between 2.0 and 1.6 Ga. We calculated the mantle-extraction model ages to estimate the continental growth rate. Approximately half of the grains have model ages between 2.0 and 1.3 Ga, indicating rapid crustal growth during this time. The continental growth rate suggests that 15% and 78% crust in the source region of the zircons formed by 2.5 and 1.3 Ga, respectively.
TL;DR: The present study systematically reviewed published data on the properties of the functional status measurement instruments and their adaptation and use in Brazil through a search of the medical literature in reference textbooks and the LILACS and MEDLINE databases.
Abstract: The Comprehensive Geriatric Assessment is characterized as a functional and interdisciplinary evaluation. The first step is the assessment of functional status, which lies at the core of the procedure and can be defined by the level at which an individual performs roles and activities of daily living. Such assessment can be carried out by instruments (questionnaires) whose conceptual framework and psychometric properties must be well-defined. The present study systematically reviewed published data on the properties of the functional status measurement instruments and their adaptation and use in Brazil, through a search of the medical literature in reference textbooks and the LILACS and MEDLINE databases. After selection of the instruments, the next step consisted of a systematic scrutiny of validation, replication, and cultural adaptation studies. Thirty instruments were included according to explicit criteria. Only two, the Medical Outcomes Study SF-36 and the Health Assessment Questionnaire, were found to have equivalence studies in Brazil. However, some of these were apparently used in this country without any formal adaptation. The cultural adaptation of functional status measurement instruments is incomplete and inconsistent in Brazil.
TL;DR: The data here presented point to regional inequalities in the coverage of the Pap smear in the Brazilian female population and to the need of intervention targeted to those factors associated with women's failure to submit to the test.
Abstract: PURPOSE: to present an overview of the coverage of the Pap smear in Brazil, emphasizing the determinant factors associated with failure of women to submit to the test. METHODS: the literature was reviewed using the LILACS (Latin-American and Caribbean Literature in Sciences of the Health), MEDLINE - 1966 to 2004 (International Literature in Sciences of the Health), PAHO (Collection of the Library of the Pan-American Organization of Health), and WHOLIS (System of Information of the Library of OMS) databases. The review was enlarged through the search of bibliographical references of relevant studies, request for published and unpublished studies by specialists, and other sources. Articles that fulfilled the following criteria were selected: to be a cross-sectional study, carried out in Brazil, including information about periodicity of the Pap test (some time in life or in the last three years) and/or containing information about factors associated with failure of women to submit to the test. Duplicates and articles without summary were excluded. A total of 13 articles fulfilling these criteria were selected. RESULTS: there are few studies on the coverage of Pap smear in Brazil. Most of them are concentrated in the big cities of the South and Southeast regions of the country. Besides the shortage, little methodological standardization exists in relation to the sampling and profile of the investigated women, which turns difficult the comparison among them. These methodological differences must have contributed to the great variability found in the coverage. However, in spite of all of the problems, a trend of time series increase is observed in the percentage of women who had at least one Pap smear in life. The two studies accomplished in the eighties showed coverage of 55.0 and 68.9% some time in life, while a household survey carried out in 2002 and 2003 presented values that varied from 73.4 to 92.9%; however, two studies of national inclusion presented estimates below 70.0% in the last three years. On the other hand, some variables were associated with the women's failure to submit to the Pap smear: low socioeconomic level, low education, low family income, and to belong to the younger age groups. CONCLUSION: the data here presented point to regional inequalities in the coverage of the Pap smear in the Brazilian female population and to the need of intervention targeted to those factors associated with women's failure to submit to the Pap smear.
TL;DR: A new preoperative classification of submucous myomas is developed for evaluating the viability and the degree of difficulty of hysteroscopic myomectomy and it is believed that the NC gives more clues as to the difficulties of a hysteroscopicMyomactomy than the standard ESGE classification.
TL;DR: An integrated biological-chemical survey of organotin compounds was carried out in Guanabara Bay, the second most important Brazilian harbor complex, and revealed high levels of imposex in Stramonita haemastoma populations, the first report of a combined imposex-sediment approach to evaluate organotin contamination in marine environments of South America.
TL;DR: The two brands of MTA analysed, as well as the PC, initially showed a similar elevated cytotoxic effect that decreased gradually with time allowing the cell culture to become reestablished, and no statistically significant difference was shown between any of the experimental materials.
Abstract: De-Deus G, Ximenes R, Gurgel-Filho ED, Plotkowski MC, Coutinho-Filho T Cytotoxicity of MTA and Portland cement on human ECV 304 endothelial cells International Endodontic Journal, 38, 604–609, 2005
TL;DR: In this paper, it was shown that Zwanziger's action with the inclusion of the local composite operator is renormalizable to all orders of perturbation theory, obeying the renormalization group equations.
Abstract: The local composite operator ${A}_{\ensuremath{\mu}}^{2}$ is added to the Zwanziger action, which implements the restriction to the Gribov region $\ensuremath{\Omega}$ in Euclidean Yang-Mills theories in the Landau gauge. We prove that Zwanziger's action with the inclusion of the operator ${A}_{\ensuremath{\mu}}^{2}$ is renormalizable to all orders of perturbation theory, obeying the renormalization group equations. This allows us to study the dimension two gluon condensate $⟨{A}_{\ensuremath{\mu}}^{2}⟩$ by the local composite operator formalism when the restriction to the Gribov region $\ensuremath{\Omega}$ is taken into account. The resulting effective action is evaluated at one-loop order in the $\overline{\mathrm{MS}}$ scheme. We obtain explicit values for the Gribov parameter and for the mass parameter due to $⟨{A}_{\ensuremath{\mu}}^{2}⟩$, but the expansion parameter turns out to be rather large. Furthermore, an optimization of the perturbative expansion in order to reduce the dependence on the renormalization scheme is performed. The properties of the vacuum energy, with or without the inclusion of the condensate $⟨{A}_{\ensuremath{\mu}}^{2}⟩$, are investigated. In particular, it is shown that in the original Gribov-Zwanziger formulation, i.e. without the inclusion of the operator ${A}_{\ensuremath{\mu}}^{2}$, the resulting vacuum energy is always positive at one-loop order, independently from the choice of the renormalization scheme and scale. In the presence of $⟨{A}_{\ensuremath{\mu}}^{2}⟩$, we are unable to come to a definite conclusion at the order considered. In the $\overline{\mathrm{MS}}$ scheme, we still find a positive vacuum energy, again with a relatively large expansion parameter, but there are renormalization schemes in which the vacuum energy is negative, albeit the dependence on the scheme itself appears to be strong. Concerning the behavior of the gluon and ghost propagators, we recover the well-known consequences of the restriction to the Gribov region, and this in the presence of $⟨{A}_{\ensuremath{\mu}}^{2}⟩$, i.e. an infrared suppression of the gluon propagator and an enhancement of the ghost propagator. Such a behavior is in qualitative agreement with the results obtained from the studies of the Schwinger-Dyson equations and from lattice simulations.
TL;DR: In this article, the degradation of polypropylene (PP) during multiple extrusion at different temperatures was studied by following changes in rheological properties such as complex viscosity and elasticity of the molten polymer.
TL;DR: The programming effects of some of these hormones upon body weight and composition, leptin, thyroid and adrenal functions, and their effects on liver, muscle and adipose tissue metabolism and the consequences on thermogenesis are discussed.
Abstract: Programming is an epigenetic phenomena by which nutritional, hormonal, physical psychological and other stressful events acting in a critical period of life, such as gestation and lactation, modifies in a prolonged way certain physiological functions. This process was preserved by natural selection as an important adaptive tool for survival of organisms living in nutritional impaired areas. So, malnutrition during gestation and lactation turns on different genes that provide the organism with a thrifty phenotype. In the case of an abundant supply of nutrients after this period, those organisms that were adapted to a low metabolic waste and higher energy utilization will be in a higher risk of developing metabolic diseases, such as obesity, hyperlipidemia, diabetes mellitus and hypertension. The kind of malnutrition, duration and intensity are important for the type of programming obtained. We discuss some of the hormonal and metabolic changes that occur in gestation or lactation, when malnutrition is applied to the mothers and their offspring. Some of these changes, such as an increase of maternal triiodothyronine (T3), leptin and glucocorticoids (GC) and decrease in prolactin are by itself potential programming factors. Most of these hormones can be transfer through the milk that has other important macronutrients composition changes in malnourished dams. We discuss the programming effects of some of these hormones upon body weight and composition, leptin, thyroid and adrenal functions, and their effects on liver, muscle and adipose tissue metabolism and the consequences on thermogenesis.
TL;DR: A new strategy for low-level determination of copper in water samples by using a flow-injection system coupled to solid-phase extraction (SPE) using flame atomic absorption spectrometry (F AAS) as detector is reported.
TL;DR: In this article, an estudo do tipo caso-controle, realizado in duas maternidades: publica e conveniada com o Sistema Unico de Saude, no Municipio do Rio de Janeiro, is presented.
Abstract: OBJETIVO: Avaliar a qualidade da atencao durante o processo de trabalho de parto de acordo com normas da Organizacao Mundial de Saude. METODOS: Trata-se de estudo do tipo caso-controle, realizado em duas maternidades: publica e conveniada com o Sistema Unico de Saude, no Municipio do Rio de Janeiro. A amostra foi composta por 461 mulheres na maternidade publica (230 partos vaginais e 231 cesareas) e por 448 mulheres na maternidade conveniada (224 partos vaginais e 224 cesareas). De outubro de 1998 a marco de 1999, foram realizadas entrevistas com puerperas e revisao de prontuarios. Foi construido escore sumarizador da qualidade do atendimento. RESULTADOS: Observou-se baixa frequencia de algumas praticas que devem ser encorajadas, como presenca de acompanhante (1% na maternidade conveniada, em ambos os tipos de parto), deambulacao durante o trabalho de parto (9,6% das cesareas na maternidade publica e 9,9% dos partos vaginais na conveniada) e aleitamento na sala de parto (6,9% das cesareas na maternidade publica e 8,0% das cesareas na conveniada). Praticas comprovadamente danosas e que devem ser eliminadas como uso de enema (38,4%), tricotomia, hidratacao venosa de rotina (88,8%), uso rotineiro de ocitocina (64,4%), restricao ao leito durante o trabalho de parto (90,1%) e posicao de litotomia (98,7%) para parto vaginal apresentaram alta frequencia. Os melhores resultados do escore sumarizador foram obtidos na maternidade publica. CONCLUSOES: As duas maternidades apresentam frequencia elevada de intervencoes durante a assistencia ao parto. A maternidade publica, apesar de atender clientela com maior risco gestacional, apresenta perfil menos intervencionista que maternidade conveniada. Procedimentos realizados de maneira rotineira merecem ser discutidos a luz de evidencias de seus beneficios.
TL;DR: In this article, a relacao do historico relatado de quedas in a group of sujeitos with mais than 65 anos de idade was analyzed.
Abstract: As quedas sao um problema de saude publica entre os idosos, em vista da mortalidade, morbidade e dos custos social e economico decorrentes. O objetivo do estudo foi analisar a relacao do historico relatado de quedas em um grupo de sujeitos com mais de 65 anos de idade, participantes de um programa de atividades fisicas, com variaveis apontadas pela literatura como associadas ao risco desses eventos: visao, uso de medicamentos, doencas associadas, flexibilidade, forca e equilibrio. Apos entrevista com um grupo inicial de 72 sujeitos, foram selecionadas 30 pessoas cujos relatos indicaram maior frequencia de quedas nos ultimos 12 meses e apos os 65 anos de idade. As variaveis de exposicao foram testadas neste subgrupo e os resultados comparados com a frequencia de quedas por meio de estatistica descritiva (valores absolutos e relativos), com uso de tabelas de contingencia confeccionadas para cada variavel. Os resultados indicaram que a deterioracao da visao, uso simultâneo de medicamentos (especialmente diureticos e psicoativos) e flexibilidade reduzida (quadril e tornozelos) parecem associar-se com a frequencia de quedas nos periodos observados. Esses fatores deveriam ser considerados em programas para prevencao de quedas em idosos.
TL;DR: The results establish that ATL-1 induces HO-1 in human EC, revealing an undescribed mechanism for the anti-inflammatory activity of these lipid mediators.
Abstract: Lipoxins (LX) and aspirin-triggered LX (ATL) are eicosanoids generated during inflammation via transcellular biosynthetic routes that elicit distinct anti-inflammatory and proresolution bioactions, including inhibition of leukocyte-mediated injury, stimulation of macrophage clearance of apoptotic neutrophils, repression of proinflammatory cytokine production, and inhibition of cell proliferation and migration. Recently, it was reported that aspirin induces heme oxygenase-1 (HO-1) expression on endothelial cells (EC) in a COX-independent manner, what confers protection against prooxidant insults. However, the underlying mechanisms remain unclear. In this study, we investigated whether an aspirin-triggered lipoxin A(4) stable analog, 15-epi-16-(para-fluoro)-phenoxy-lipoxin A(4) (ATL-1) was able to induce endothelial HO-1. Western blot analysis showed that ATL-1 increased HO-1 protein expression associated with increased mRNA levels on EC in a time- and concentration-dependent fashion. This phenomenon appears to be mediated by the activation of the G protein-coupled LXA(4) receptor because pertussis toxin and Boc-2, a receptor antagonist, significantly inhibited ATL-1-induced HO-1 expression. We demonstrate that treatment of EC with ATL-1 inhibited VCAM and E-selectin expression induced by TNF-alpha or IL-1beta. This inhibitory effect of the analog is modulated by HO-1 because it was blocked by SnPPIX, a competitive inhibitor that blocks HO-1 activity. Our results establish that ATL-1 induces HO-1 in human EC, revealing an undescribed mechanism for the anti-inflammatory activity of these lipid mediators.
TL;DR: In this article, a politica de educacao profissional do Governo Lula em seu percurso controvertido entre as lutas da sociedade, as propostas de governo and as acoes e omissoes no exercicio do poder.
Abstract: Este artigo analisa as politicas de educacao profissional do Governo Lula em seu percurso controvertido entre as lutas da sociedade, as propostas de governo e as acoes e omissoes no exercicio do poder. Partindo-se da revogacao do Decreto n. 2.208/97, principal regulamentacao da educacao profissional no governo anterior, cujo processo expressa a disputa por hegemonia nesse campo, analisa-se a contradicao da proposta de lei para a educacao profissional, ao inves de retomar o debate sobre a LDB. Posteriormente, analisam-se os programas Escola de Fabrica, Integracao da Educacao Profissional ao Ensino Medio na Modalidade de Educacao de Jovens e Adultos (PROEJA) e Inclusao de Jovens (PROJOVEM). Apesar das declaracoes favoraveis a integracao entre formacao basica e formacao especifica, a politica de educacao profissional processa-se mediante programas focais e contingentes numa travessia marcada por intensos conflitos e no terreno da contradicao.