Showing papers by "Rivers State University of Science and Technology published in 2005"
TL;DR: Methods were developed for the milling, de-fatting, hot-water pasting and rapid visco-analysis of the samples, to simulate the cooking of dika nut meal as a food-thickening agent, and two parameters (viscosity and drawability) were derived from the traces.
75 citations
TL;DR: The domestication of Dacryodes edulis offers opportunities to improve the livelihoods of subsistence farmers and to diversify farming systems, such as cocoa farms, in Cameroon and Nigeria.
Abstract: A participatory approach to tree domestication is being pioneered by ICRAF and international partners in Cameroon and Nigeria. The domestication of Dacryodes edulis offers opportunities to improve the livelihoods of subsistence farmers and to diversify farming systems, such as cocoa farms. The trees produce marketable fruits as well as shade for cocoa and coffee. Twenty-four ripe fruits were collected from each of 100 D. edulis trees in Mgbuisi, southeast Nigeria by subsistence farmers. There was continuous and significant tree-to-tree variation in fruit mass (10.2±0.5–71.4±1.3 g), flesh mass (6.8±0.3– 62.2±1.2 g) and kernel mass (1.3±0.5–15.1±0.4 g). Mean fruit mass did not differ significantly between different land uses. Flesh mass:kernel mass ratio varied from 0.79 to 29.0. Two trees had fruits without kernels. There was also continuous and significant tree-to-tree variation in fruit length (39.0±0.6– 95.1±1.2 mm), fruit width (21.82±0.16–43.75±0.33 mm) and flesh thickness (1.82±0.1–6.39± 0.1 mm). Fruit length:width ratio varied from 1.35 to 3.18. Cooked fruits varied in taste with only 14% of trees getting the highest score. Similarly, fruits varied in oiliness with only 3% of trees getting the highest score. Thirteen skin colours were recorded, with the most common being dark blue (31%), greyish violet (29%) and deep blue (9%). Ninety-nine percent of the trees had been planted, with 57% in homegardens, 22% in crop fields, 17% in fallow land and 4% in cocoa. Tree height ranged from 4 to 22m, and DBH from 9.55 to 63.65 cm. Tree age ranged from 5 to 64 years. Farmers reported first fruiting from age 3 up to 22 years (average of 9.4 years). Most trees originated from seeds bought in markets (63%). Market prices of fruits from different trees, ranged from 2 to 12 fruits for 10 Naira (US0.07). These quantitative results will help in the identification of elite trees of D. edulis for cultivar development through clonal propagation.
61 citations
TL;DR: Boiling was shown to be more effective than steaming for reducing the levels of antinutrients and improving the protein quality of the seeds, as shown by the higher values for weight gain, protein-efficiency ratio (PER), net protein ratio (NPR) and true digestibility (TD) of the boiled samples.
61 citations
TL;DR: Carohydrate (sugar) fermentation, alcohol tolerance, and growth of the bacterium at different pH and temperature values were determined; and a comparison of sugar fermentation by Zymomonas mobilis and Saccharomyces cerevisiae was also determined.
Abstract: The bacterium Zymomonas mobilis was isolated from fresh palm-sap samples from three different locations as to determine the contribution of the bacterial isolate to alcohol production in palm-wine. Carbohydrate (sugar) fermentation, alcohol tolerance, and growth of the bacterium at different pH and temperature values were determined; and a comparison of sugar fermentation by Z. mobilis and Saccharomyces cerevisiae was also determined. Z. mobilis contributes much to the fermentation of palm-wine due to its ability to ferment sucrose, glucose and fructose which are the main sugars in palm-sap. The bacterium reached its maximum density of 2.72 x 10 7 cells/ml between 12 and 15 hrs after tapping of the palm-sap. Z. mobilis is acid and alcohol tolerant being able to grow at pH values between 4.0 and 7.0 and in alcohol concentration of between 2.5% and 15% respectively. Z. mobilis was also found to ferment sugars at a faster rate than Saccharomyces cerevisiae. Statistical analysis of the data obtained using ANOVA showed that there is no significant difference at p = 0.05 level of significance in the growth of isolates of Z. mobilis obtained from the three locations under different pH, alcohol and temperature values. @JASEM Palm-wine is an alcoholic beverage obtained from the fermentation of the sugary sap of various palm species in Nigeria. It is usually obtained from Raphia vinifera, Raphia hookeri, and Elaeis guineensis by methods described by Bassir (1965), Faparusi (1966) and Okafor (1972). Raphia palms usually yield more sap than oil palms although raphia palms can only be tapped once in its life time because its terminal inflorescence is destroyed during tapping (Okafor, 1977).
50 citations
TL;DR: In this paper, the effect of defatted fluted pumpkin (Telfairia occidentalis Hook) seed flour (FPF) at levels of 0-25% was investigated for its effect on chemical, physical, sensory and nutritional properties of cookies (biscuits).
Abstract: Summary
Replacing wheatflour (WHF) with defatted fluted pumpkin (Telfairia occidentalis Hook) seed flour (FPF) at levels of 0–25% was investigated for its effect on chemical, physical, sensory and nutritional properties of cookies (biscuits). Protein quality was evaluated by using weanling albino rats fed a diet of cookies, which were formulated to supply 10% protein, with a casein diet as a control. Up to 15% substitution of WHF with FPF produced acceptable cookies with spread ratio, hardness, colour and flavour similar to the control (100% WHF) cookies. Use of higher levels (20–25%), however, resulted in reduction in these quality attributes. When WHF was replaced with 15% FPF, there was an increase of 84.6% in crude protein, 62.9% in calcium, 131.0% in potassium and 61.6% in phosphorus contents of composite cookies. There were no significant (P > 0.05) differences between the values obtained for protein efficiency ratio, net protein ratio and true digestibility of cookie diets containing 15–20% FPF, and casein when fed to rats.
45 citations
TL;DR: In this paper, the authors explored the impact of taxes on the dividend policy of banks in Nigeria and found a significant correlation between taxes and dividend structure of the banks and also suggest that profit is a major variable in the formation of dividend policy.
Abstract: The study explores the impact of taxes on the dividend policy particularly in banks in Nigeria. The study was set out to examine the relationship of profit, dividend and taxes especially in the banking sector. The research underscores the theoretical assumptions of the MM such as impairment of capital, the desire to send favourable signals to investors, the desire to conform to the industry's dividend payout among factors influencing dividend policy of banks. The analyses of the study show a significant correlation between taxes and dividend structure of the banks and also suggest that profit is a major variable in the formation of dividend policy of the organisations. This is supported by the hypothesis, which showed significant effect of profit on dividend and a positive correlation between profit, tax and dividend. The finding corroborates the postulations of some financial theorists and recommends capital gains in lieu of dividend for high taxpayers and that an adoption of a dividend policy by banks particularly in Nigeria should be strictly considered based on the unique circumstances of the bank and not necessarily based on age long traditional factors often formulated by academics.
44 citations
TL;DR: B. alcinoe larva is a rich source of protein and can be recommended in the diet of communities where protein is scarce or expensive, and the public health implication of the presence of S. aureus is highlighted.
Abstract: The microbial load and nutritional composition of the Bunaea alcinoe larvae were investigated. The bacterial population of the skin and intestinal content were 8.16 × 10 6 and 5.70 x 10 5 cfu/g while the fungal populations were 2.07 x 10 6 and 1.32 × 10 6 cfu/g, respectively. Twenty bacterial isolates belonging to the genera Staphylococcus, Bacillus, Micrococcus and Acinetobacter were isolated. Staphylococcus aureus occurred on both the skin and intestinal content. The nutritional composition of the larvae revealed high protein (55%) followed by fat (25%). Total available carbohydrate, moisture and ash were 4, 8 and 8%, respectively. The public health implication of the presence of S. aureus is highlighted. B. alcinoe larva is a rich source of protein and can be recommended in the diet of communities where protein is scarce or expensive.
39 citations
TL;DR: Anti‐HCV pre‐transfusion testing among blood donors has not been introduced as a mandatory test in Rivers State, hence the risk of transfusion‐transmitted HCV cannot be fully ascertained, and the prevalence of the virus was observed in this study.
Abstract: summary. Anti-HCV pre-transfusion testing among blood donors has not been introduced as a mandatory test in Rivers State, hence the risk of transfusion-transmitted HCV cannot be fully ascertained. One thousand (1000) apparently healthy blood donors were screened using a rapid second – generation test, the HEP C SPOT HCV assay. An overall prevalence of 2.9% was observed in this study. The highest prevalence (8.1%) was found among adults aged between 26 and 33 years and commercial donors.
34 citations
TL;DR: In this paper, the corrosion inhibition of zinc in hydrochloric acid by extract of Nypa Fruticans Wurmb was studied using weight loss techniques, and it was shown that the inhibition action of nypa fruticans wurmb extract compared closely to that of 1, 5 Diphenyl Carbazone (DPC).
Abstract: The corrosion inhibition of zinc in hydrochloric acid by extract of Nypa Fruticans Wurmb was studied using weight loss techniques. Maximum inhibition efficiency (and surface coverage) was obtained at an optimum concentration. However increase in temperature decreased the inhibition efficiency at the temperature range studied. The inhibition action of Nypa Fruticans Wurmb extract compared closely to that of 1, 5 Diphenyl Carbazone (DPC). Optimum inhibition efficiency for zinc in the presence of Nypa Fruticans Wurmb extract was 36.43% and 40.70% with DPC. The phenomenon of physical adsorption has been proposed from the activation energy values (19.33 kJ mol -1 and 21.11 kJ mol -1 ) with Nypa Fruticans Wurmb extract and DPC respectively. A first order kinetics has been deduced from the kinetic treatment of the results. The heat of adsorption, Qad range from (-33.63 to - 58.52 kJ mo l -1 ) for both additives studied. Mean ΔGoads values (-7.82 to 8.68 kJ mol -1 ) are negative and suggestive of adsorption on metal surface. The data obtained from this study fits well into the Langmuir isotherm. Evidence is hereby provided to show that Nypa Fruticans Wurmb extract and DPC inhibits the corrosion of zinc comparatively. Journal of Applied Sciences and Environmental Management Vol. 8 (1) 2004:57 - 61
29 citations
TL;DR: Fodder yield and chemical composition could be used to identify browse species for the development of agroforestry technologies for smallholder crop-livestock farming systems.
Abstract: Several indigenous and exotic browse species with potential for development of agroforestry technologies in the humid tropics of west Africa have been identified, but information on their fodder yield and quality, and how this is influenced by age of coppice regrowth is scanty and limited to a few species. The effect of age of coppice of regrowth (8, 12, 16, and 20 weeks) on fodder yield, and concentrations of crude protein (CP), neutral detergent fibre (NDF), acid detergent fibre (ADF), acid detergent lignin (lignin), and acid detergent ash (ADF-Ash) in the fodder of 27 browse species was studied in the humid forest zone of southeastern Nigeria. The fodder yield, and concentrations of NDF, ADF and lignin increased (p<0.05), while CP declined (p<0.05) with increasing age of coppice regrowth for all the browse species. The ADF-Ash concentrations of eight browse species increased linearly (p<0.05), while that of 19 species followed a quadratic (p<0.05) trend in response to increasing age of coppice regrowth. Bauhinia monandra, Calliandra calothyrsus, Dalbergia sissoo, Enterolobium cyclocarpum, Grewia pubescens, Gliricidia sepium, Leucaena leucocephala, Senna spectabilis, and Terminalia superba were identified to have high potential for the development of integrated crop-livestock agroforestry technologies in the west African humid tropics based on fodder yield, concentrations of CP, NDF, ADF and lignin. Coppice regrowth of the promising species could be harvested between 16 and 20 weeks to maximize yield and quality of the fodder. The results showed that fodder yield and chemical composition could be used to identify browse species for the development of agroforestry technologies for smallholder crop-livestock farming systems.
28 citations
TL;DR: There were slightly positive relationships between body size and population abundance of snakes in the three study habitats of tropical Nigeria, but statistical significance was reached only in the swamp-rainforest habitat.
Abstract: The relationships between population abundance, body size, food habits and ecological guild (aquatic, terrestrial, arboreal, and fossorial) of snake communities are studied in three different habitats (swamp-rainforest, mangrove forest and derived savanna) of southern Nigeria, West Africa. There were slightly positive relationships between body size and population abundance of snakes in the three study habitats of tropical Nigeria, but statistical significance was reached only in the swamp-rainforest habitat. The population abundance of the various species was not related to either their food habits or their ecological guild in any of the three study areas. The possible reasons explaining these patterns are discussed. In general, there is little congruence between our data and the popular ‘energetic equivalence rule’ hypothesis.
TL;DR: The observed high coliform counts and the presence of Escherichia coli was sufficient to suspect the contamination of the water body with pathogenic bacteria; hence the water is of low quality and should not be used for human consumption.
Abstract: The bacteriological quality of Elechi creek was investigated during a seven-month sampling period. Samples were collected from seven stations grouped into zones A, B and C. The study revealed uniformity in the range of temperatures (which ranged from 28° to 32°C) in all the stations of the zones. The pH values obtained for all the stations ranged from 6.5 to 7.7 and were within the acceptable ranges for brackish water such as the study area. The BOD values for stations of zone B ranged from 3.92 to 8.80mg l-1 while those of zones A and C ranged from 2.07 to 3.86 mgl -1 and 1.43 to 3.46 mgl -1 respectively. The reverse was the case for DO values, which were lower in stations of zones B than those of zones A and C. The results for oil and grease values for all the stations of the zones showed a range of 0.09 to 1.22 ppm which were far lower than the permissible limit for industrial effluent samples. The minimal values suggested absence of petroleum activities in the area. The results of the bacterial counts for the Elechi creek showed that total aerobic heterotrophic bacteria ranged from 0.12 x 10 6 to 2.81 x 10 6 cfuml -1 , total coliform bacteria ranged from 0.06 x 105 to 2.00 x 105 cfuml -1 and hydrocarbon-utilizing bacteria ranged from 2.0 x 10 2 to 10.0 x 10 2 cfuml -1 . The bacterial genera isolated from the Elechi creek included Aeromonas, Bacillus, Citrobacter, Corynebacterium, Pseudomonas, Enterobacter, Escherichia, Flavobacterium, Klebsiella, Micrococcus, Proteus, Staphylococcus, Enterococcus , and Vibrio species. Of the organisms isolated only Bacillus, Corynebacterium, Pseudomonas and Flavobacterium species occurred in all the stations of the zones while the others occurred in one or more stations and not in others station. The varying mean counts of bacteria and the occurrence of bacterial species the creek, brought to consideration, the possible influence and sources of contamination around each zone. The observed high coliform counts and the presence of Escherichia coli was sufficient to suspect the contamination of the water body with pathogenic bacteria; hence the water is of low quality and should not be used for human consumption. The low counts of hydrocarbon-utilizing bacteria confirmed absence of a possible source of contamination of the creek by crude oil and its products. Journal of Applied Sciences and Environmental Management Vol. 9(1) 2005: 79-84
TL;DR: A simple diet comprising maize-milling waste and groundnut cake can support normal growth and reproduction of rabbits for meat production and neither abortion nor still births were seen for the second parity period.
Abstract: The influence of maize-milling waste on the reproductive performance of rabbits was assessed. The treatments comprised of autoclaved and unautoclaved maize-milling waste, groundnut cake/maize meal diets formulated with 0 (I), 25 (II), 50 (III), 75 (IV) and 100% (V) replacement of maize with maize-milling waste. Each of the diets contains 18% crude protein and was unpelleted. There were two parity periods and the duration was 15 weeks. In the first parity period, the conception rates were 33.33, 100, 75, 66.66 and 75% for treatments I, II, III, IV and V, respectively, while the second parity conceptions rates were 50, 75 and 50% for treatments II, III and IV, respectively. No conceptions were observed for treatments I and V. The first breeding trials had abortion rates of 50 and 25% for treatments II and V, respectively. Autoclaved maize-milling waste was used for the second breeding trials. Autoclaving maize milling waste was observed to improve the nutritional value of the diets and neither abortion nor still births were seen for the second parity period. Therefore, simple diet comprising maize-milling waste and groundnut cake can support normal growth and reproduction of rabbits for meat production. African Journal of Biotechnology Vol. 4 (5), pp. 437-443, 2005
TL;DR: In this article, bambara groundnut flours of different particle sizes were prepared after bean seeds had been cold-soaked and/or germinated, dried, milled and sieved.
Abstract: Bambara groundnut flours of different particle sizes were prepared after bean seeds had been cold-soaked and/or germinated, dried, milled and sieved. The flours were used to prepare okpa (local dish prepared by steaming mashed bambara groundnut) and their sensory properties determined. Viscosity of the flour pastes, before steaming, were also determined. Results showed that bambara groundnut flours from both germinated and cold-soaked beans could be used in preparing good quality okpa and, therefore, remove all the problems involved in preparing the raw beans for okpa-making as is done traditionally. Particle size appeared to play a major role in obtaining good okpa; therefore flours intended for okpa preparation should be such that 66, 86 and 96%, respectively, of cold-soaked bean flour or 58, 78 and 91%, respectively, of germinated bean flour, after 1, 3 and 5 milling passes, should be in the particle range 1.5–4.5 × 10−4 m. Slightly higher amounts of the coarse (6.0 × 10−4 m) particles are needed in the germinated bean flours to compensate for the breakdown of starch and proteins, the gelling agents in bambara groundnut. Copyright © 2004 Society of Chemical Industry
TL;DR: In this article, a maintenance audit of the Afam power station has been conducted and the station's performance compared with existing international best standards. Weaknesses became apparent in the existing maintenance systems and remedial strategies are suggested.
TL;DR: Levels of some heavy metals in soils around designated municipal solid waste dumpsite and a control site within Port Harcourt and its environs were determined as discussed by the authors, where soil samples were randomly collected and analyzed for As, Cd, Cu, Cr, Ni and Pb.
Abstract: Levels of some heavy metals in soils around designated municipal solid waste dumpsite and a control site within Port Harcourt and its environs were determined. The soil samples were randomly collected and analyzed for As, Cd, Cu, Cr, Ni and Pb. Levels from the waste dumpsite were higher than those from the control site. Soils around the waste dump were also contaminated as a result of continuous dispersion of heavy metals from the waste dump by run-off water, wind and scavengers. The difference in the mean concentrations of metals between the main dump and outside the dump were not significant (P>0.05) in the wet season but were found to be significant (P 0.05 Pb) while the seasonal variations in the concentrations of As, Cr, and Ni show signification difference (P KEY WORDS: Dumpsite, solid waste, soil, heavy metals Global Journal of Environmental Sciences Vol.4(1) 2005: 1-4
Journal Article•
TL;DR: Atherigona orientalis oviposited on fruits of pepper ( Capsicum species) both in the laboratory and in the field as mentioned in this paper. But the number of eggs was not analyzed.
Abstract: The pepper fruitfly, Atherigona orientalis (Schin.) has been considered and accepted as a potentially serious and important pest of pepper fruits in Nigeria. Females of A. orientalis oviposited on fruits of pepper ( Capsicum species ) both in the laboratory and in the field. Oviposition commenced about 2 weeks after fruiting and increased with rainfall. Six pepper cultivars were used for this study and parts of pepper fruits utilized as oviposition sites were calyx, grooves, blossom ends and receptacles in most of the cultivars. Records of the number of eggs isolated from the aforementioned portions of the fruits were made. Oviposition response of A. orientalis females was different on the four parts of pepper fruits. Statistical analysis showed significant differences on the number of eggs deposited on the calyx, grooves, blossom ends and receptacle of the six pepper cultivars. On sites that were preferred for oviposition, most of the eggs were collected from the calyx (40-75%) followed by the grooves. Significantly lower numbers were collected from the blossom ends or receptacles depending on cultivars. Journal of Applied Sciences and Environmental Management Vol. 9 (1) 2005: 19-23
Posted Content•
TL;DR: This paper used the Bill of Rights in the Constitution of the Republic of South Africa 1996 and the jurisprudence that has developed in the course of its application to demonstrate that a human rights framework for the protection of expressions of folklore is a viable, or relatively better, framework than protection through existing intellectual property and sui generis regimes.
Abstract: This paper uses the Bill of Rights in the Constitution of the Republic of South Africa 1996 and the jurisprudence that has developed in the course of its application to demonstrate that a human rights framework for the protection of expressions of folklore is a viable, or relatively better, framework than protection through existing intellectual property and sui generis regimes.
TL;DR: Akara diets formulated using IT81D-699 and TVx3236 showed significantly higher values for weight gain, protein efficiency ratio, net protein ratio and true digestibility than diets formulated with IT82E-18, IT84S-2246-4 and blackeye, suggesting an improvement in the nutritional quality of akara produced using these newly developed cowpea varieties.
Abstract: The influence of newly developed cowpea varieties (IT81D-699, IT82E-18, IT84S-2246-4 and TVx3236) on the proximate composition, protein quality and sensory properties of akara, a popular West African cowpea-based food, was investigated and the results obtained were compared with those for akara prepared from a local blackeye cowpea variety. Protein quality was evaluated using weanling albino rats fed diets which were formulated to supply 10% protein using defatted akara samples, with casein as a control. Akara samples prepared from IT81D-699 and TVx3236 had crude protein contents, texture and overall acceptability comparable to those of akara prepared from the blackeye variety. Also, akara diets formulated using IT81D-699 and TVx3236 showed significantly (p < 0.05) higher values for weight gain, protein efficiency ratio, net protein ratio and true digestibility than diets formulated with IT82E-18, IT84S-2246-4 and blackeye, suggesting an improvement in the nutritional quality of akara produced using these (IT8ID-699 and TVx3236) newly developed cowpea varieties. Copyright © 2004 Society of Chemical Industry
DOI•
01 Jan 2005TL;DR: In this paper, the author menolak tesis Beauvoir, tubuh perempuan dikembalikan sebagai mekanisme generatif and konstruktif ying bersifat transenden.
Abstract: Makalah ini hendak mendekonstruksi polaritas antara natur yang dianggap pasip, liar dan feminin dan kultur yang yang dianggap dinamis, maskulin. Sambil menolak tesis Beauvoir, tubuh perempuan dikembalikan sebagai mekanisme generatif dan konstruktif yang bersifat transenden. Bumi yang perempuan dan perempuan yang membumi adalah proyeksi abstrak tubuh bangsa Afrika sendiri. Ketercabikan perempuan parallel dengan nasib bangsa Afrika yang dimutilasi oleh perang, kemiskinan, penyakit, kolonialisme dan postkolonialitas. Dalam kerangka pandang Afrika, natur dan kultur adalah matriks dari keperempuanan yang berkodrat nurture yang mengandung kemampuan prokreasi dan kreativitas.
Journal Article•
TL;DR: A 2% Neem seed kernel powder was significantly more effective than other neem plant parts and also significantly offered the highest relative protection (RP) to pepper and tomato fruits.
Abstract: With the avalanche of synthetic insecticides and their misuse, studies on the use of neem plant parts namely, neem leaves (NL), neem barks (NB), neem roots (NR), neem leaf, bark and root combination (NLBR) and neem seed kernel power (NSKP) extracts were evaluated for oviposition deterrence on pepper and tomato fruits against Atherigona orientalis (Schiner). A 2% solution of each of the neem plant part extracts when applied individually was effective against the pest on both pepper and tomato fruits. A combination of neem leaf, bark and root was more effective than the individual neem plant parts. A 2% Neem seed kernel powder was significantly more effective than other neem plant parts and also significantly offered the highest relative protection (RP) to pepper and tomato fruits. Percentage RP followed this order: NSKP>NLBR>NR>NB>NL.
TL;DR: Meat is a possible factor in the epidemiology of Aeromonas-associated gastroenteritis in man and Aeromonads are unlikely to pose a public health problem in Nigeria where meat undergoes prolonged cooking.
Abstract: Fresh, different meat types and offal were examined for the occurrence of Aeromonas species by the direct-plating and enrichment methods. The enrichment method (coefficient of variation = 15.1%) enhanced the recovery of Aeromonas species. The major Aeromonas species identified were A. sobria (67.3%) and A. hydrophila (21.2%). Other species occurred in minor proportions and were A. caviae, A. proteolytica and A. salmonicida. Out of the 52 isolates, 50 were motile species except two which were not motile and identified as the species A. proteolytica. Sixteen motile species occurred in cow, 18 in goat and 16 in lamb. The motile species and the two nonmotile species were hemolytic. They were all sensitive to chloramphenicol (30 mg) and resistant to ampicillin (10 mg). The nonmotile A. proteolytica were all resistant to tetracycline. Aeromonas caviae, A. salmonicida, A. hydrophila and A. sobria were killed after exposure to 50C (decimal reduction time, D 10 = 30 s). Aeromonads are unlikely to pose a public health problem in Nigeria where meat undergoes prolonged cooking. Meat is a possible factor in the epidemiology of Aeromonas-associated gastroenteritis in man.
Posted Content•
TL;DR: In this article, the extent of fraud perpetration in tertiary educational institutions in Nigeria and proffer strategies for bringing incidences of fraud to the barest minimum are discussed. But, the authors did not consider the role of the external auditors.
Abstract: The research was conducted to determine the extent of fraud perpetration in tertiary educational institutions in Nigeria and to proffer strategies for bringing incidences of fraud to the barest minimum. Eight tertiary institutions, two each from the four geographical zones of Nigeria were selected for the study. Two research questions were posed and the instruments for data collection were the Questionnaire and Interview; data was analysed using percentage. Results of the data analysis showed that fraud perpetration was as a result of negligence on the part of management in the areas of recruitment and selection as well as placement of staff in bursary and account units. Internal and external auditors were also found to be conniving with corrupt officials to cover fraud. Based on the findings, such strategies as identification of manpower need, recruitment and selection, placement of qualified staff, and putting in place an efficient internal control system were recommended.
TL;DR: In this article, the effects of experimental variables such as temperature, time, type of solvent and nature of the clay-supported hydrogen peroxide on the degree of epoxidation of cashew nut shell liquid (CNSL) and cashewnut oil (CNO) were investigated by iodine value measurements.
Abstract: The effects of experimental variables such as temperature, time, type of solvent and nature of the clay-supported hydrogen peroxide on the degree of epoxidation of cashew nut shell liquid (CNSL) and cashew nut oil (CNO) were investigated by iodine value measurements. Results show that the acid treatment of the bentonite clay improved its support characteristics by achieving some increase in surface area and optimum treatment condition was found to be 10g bentonite clay treated with 30cm3 sulphuric acid for 6 hours. It was found that higher epoxidation was achieved with treated clay-supported hydrogen peroxide, elevated temperature and polar (1, 4dioxane) solvent than the corresponding untreated clay-supported reagent, at room temperature and using a non-polar (toluene)solvent, respectively. Optimum epoxidation condition was determined epoxidation time of 4 hours using treated clay-supported hydrogen peroxide in 1, 4-dioxane and at elevated temperature of 50°C and at the lowest iodine values of 122.14 (D(F)), 112.62 (D(G)), 100.25 (D(H)), 98.98 (D(I)), 93.91 (D(J)), and 63.13 (D(F)), 60.91 (D(G)), 59.32 (D(H)), 56.15 D(I)), 54.57 (D(J)), for cashew nut shell liquid and cashew nut oil respectively. Keywords : epoxidation, clay-supported hydrogen peroxide, cashew nut shell liquid (CNSL), cashew nut oil (CNO). Global Journal of Pure and Applied Sciences Vol. 11(4) 2005: 505-510
TL;DR: No abstract Keywords: mathematical modeling; microbial growth; decay rate; pseudomanas species; Bonny light crude;BonnyLight crude is a probabilistic estimate of the rate of microbial growth and decay in the presence ofBonny light.
Abstract: No abstract Keywords: mathematical modeling; microbial growth; decay rate; pseudomanas species; Bonny light crude Global Journal of Pure and Applied Sciences Vol 11(3) 2005: 423-431
TL;DR: In this article, the authors studied the relationship between bread quality and protein concentrate in fluted pumpkins and found that fluted pumpkin protein concentrate is more stable than other pumpkin varieties.
Abstract: No abstract Keywords: bread quality; dough rheology; fluted pumpkin; protein concentrate Global Journal of Agricultural Sciences Vol. 4(1) 2005: 7-13
01 Jun 2005
TL;DR: Emeseh, Engobo, et al. as mentioned in this paper, 'Corporate Responsibility for Crime: Thinking outside the Box' I University of Botswana Law Journal (2005) 28-49 RAE2008
Abstract: Emeseh, Engobo, 'Corporate Responsibility for Crime: Thinking outside the Box' I University of Botswana Law Journal (2005) 28-49 RAE2008
TL;DR: All the biochemical indicators increased significantly and alkaline phosphatase, urea, creatinine, glucose, total protein and albumin increased significantly.
Abstract: Nephrotoxicity in rabbits following subchronic exposure to crude oil was studied. The exposure levels were w/w 0.00%, 0.05%, 0.10%, 0.15% and 0.20%. The graded doses were included in their diets. Serum from experimental animals was assayed for indicators of kidney function. The parameters were alkaline phosphatase, urea, creatinine, glucose, total protein and albumin. All the biochemical indicators increased significantly (P Nigerian Veterinary Journal Vol.25(2) 2004: 19-26