Showing papers by "Robert Bosch Stiftung published in 2018"

Interprofessionelle Ausbildungsansätze in der Medizin

Abstract: Der gesellschaftliche Wandel und die daraus folgende zunehmende Komplexitat der Patientenversorgung stellen alle Akteure des Gesundheitswesens vor neue Herausforderungen, deren Bewaltigung nur in guter Zusammenarbeit gelingen kann. Eine gute Kooperation aller am Versorgungsprozess beteiligten Gesundheitsberufe erweist sich als sehr voraussetzungsvoll und sollte daher eine starkere Rolle im Ausbildungs- und Studienkontext spielen. Deswegen wird in den letzten Jahren der Aufbau von kooperativen Kompetenzen und Fahigkeiten im Medizinstudium in verschiedenen Landern verstarkt gefordert und umgesetzt. Eine konsequente Implementierung interprofessioneller Lehrangebote findet sich z. B. in Schweden, Kanada, England und zuletzt in der Schweiz. Die Entwicklung in Deutschland wird anhand ausgewahlter Projekte aus dem Forderprogramm „Operation Team“ der Robert Bosch Stiftung skizziert. Der bestehende Bedarf an interprofessionellen Qualifizierungs- und Weiterbildungsangeboten fur Lehrende, an Prufungsinhalten fur die mundlich-praktischen und schriftlichen medizinischen Staatsexamina sowie der notwendige Ausbau struktureller Rahmenbindungen und Forschungsstrukturen im Bereich interprofessioneller Ausbildung und Kompetenzentwicklung werden formuliert und diskutiert.

[150 years of Magnus Hirschfeld (14 May 1868-14 May 1935) and his influence on urology].

Abstract: Modern sexology was introduced by the Berlin-based Magnus Hirschfeld, who was born 150 years ago. He revolutionized the physician-patient relationship by introducing new terms of sexual behavior. His theory of "sexual in-betweens" paved the way for new concepts in sexual therapy, including hormonal pills in urological practice. Some of his colleagues developed the idea of a rejuvenation of male organism by sterilization. Many urologists had learned this operation in 1920s, which thus unintentionally enabled the National Socialists to quickly implement racial hygiene laws after 1933.

Combating Political Corruption: The Case of Armenia in the Context of the United Nations Convention Against Corruption

Abstract: Endemic corruption has been a destructive legacy of the communist rule inherited by most successor states of the Soviet Union. While some post-Soviet states have managed to significantly reduce corruption, others are still among the worst performing countries. Armenia is one of them. Corruption is one of the defining characteristics of Armenian politics described by strong patronage client networks, by a lack of separation between private business and public office, as well as by the overlap between political and business elites. The judiciary and the police considered as crucial actors to combat corruption are themselves plagued by it. All of these undermine the successful implementation of anti-corruption efforts. As Armenia is doing poorly on the legal framework of an anti-corruption agenda, the application of legislative measures and rules is of particular importance in order to strengthen the legal and regulatory regimes to fight corruption in the country. The lack of political will to combat corruption is another main obstacle to overcome. The chapter explores the extent and effect of corruption in Armenia with a primary focus on political corruption and the role of civil society in combating it. Another crucial part of the chapter focuses on the United Nations Convention against Corruption which signifies the role of civil society in the anti-corruption measures. At first glance, Armenia has made some progress by taking the very first steps in order to harmonize domestic legislation in compliance with the provisions of the Convention. However, Armenia has not adopted many of the legislative and other measures mentioned in it which are essential for successful prevention and fight against corruption. Thus, the second part of the chapter reflects on the implementation of the convention in the country, reveals existing gaps, and develops recommendations for Armenia’s enforcement of some articles of the convention which are particularly important for crippling political corruption. It also offers some recommendations on how to make civil society’s engagement in the fight against corruption more active in the Armenian context and within the Convention in particular.

[Urology and alternative medicine (1900-1970)].

Abstract: Disorders of the lower abdomen were often associated with sexually transmitted diseases (STDs) or related conditions. The urological diagnostic workup and treatment was based on the idea that technical devices and objective scientific examination methods would lead to targeted success. The fact that illnesses such as urinary retention, urinary incontinence, urge incontinence, orchitis or urethritis often implicated psychosomatic complications and had a possibly far more important impact on sexual life did not play a role in the early years of urology. In contrast, the concepts of naturopaths and homoeopaths were based on the humoral pathology view that was rejected by conventional medicine after 1850. They advocated abstinence and the use of hydrotherapeutic measures instead of urological surgery or potassium bromide treatment commonly prescribed by psychiatrists. The success of the naturopaths and homeopaths was based on several factors: they relied on taking into account a comprehensive patient history including psychosomatic factors and a combined dietary and pharmacological treatment. Naturopathic or homeopathic treatment was cheaper and more acceptable to the patient than conventional medical treatment or use of catheters and dilators. In addition, lay practitioners often came from the same milieu as their patients, so that the physician-patient communication, which is extremely important for psychosomatic disorders, was much easier.