Robert Bosch Stiftung

About: Robert Bosch Stiftung is a nonprofit organization based out in Stuttgart, Germany. It is known for research contribution in the topics: Health care & Poison control. The organization has 44 authors who have published 71 publications receiving 923 citations. The organization is also known as: Robert-Bosch-Stiftung & Robert Bosch Foundation.

Systematic review of definitions and methods of measuring falls in randomised controlled fall prevention trials

Abstract: OBJECTIVE: to review systematically the range of case definitions and methods used to measure falls in randomised controlled trials. Design/methods: a Cochrane review of fall prevention interventions was used to identify fall definitions in published trials. Secondary searches of various databases were used to identify additional methodological or theoretical papers. Two independent reviewers undertook data extraction, with adjudication by a third reviewer in cases of disagreement. Settings: community-dwelling and institutionalised older persons. RESULTS: 90 publications met the predefined inclusion criteria. Of these, 44 provided no definition of the term fall. In the remainder, there were substantial variations in the definition and methods of measuring falls. Reporting periods ranged from 1 week to 4 years with only 41% using prospective data collection methods. CONCLUSION: the standard of reporting falls in published trials is poor and significantly impedes comparison between studies. The review has been used to inform an international consensus exercise to make recommendations for a core set of outcome measures for fall prevention trials.

The German version of the falls efficacy scale-international version (FES-I)

Abstract: Vorgestellt wird die deutsche Version der Falls Efficacy Scale-International Version (FES-I). Dieser Fragebogen zur Erfassung sturzassoziierter Selbstwirksamkeit bei alteren Menschen wurde im Rahmen eines Experten- Netzwerks zur Sturzpravention (Prevention of Falls Network Europe ProFaNE) entwickelt. Die FES-I stellt eine Erweiterung der Falls Efficacy Scale (FES) dar, in der zum einen komplexere funktionelle Aktivitaten und zum anderen soziale Aspekte der Selbstwirksamkeit zusatzlich aufgenommen wurden. Die FES-I zeigt sowohl eine hohe interne Konsistenz (Cronbachs α = 0,96) als auch eine hohe Retest-Reliabilitat (r = 0,96). Die Item-Interkorrelation betrug im Mittel r = 0,55 (Range r = 0,29– 0,79). Ergebnisse von Validierungsstudien bei zu Hause lebenden Alteren aus unterschiedlichen europaischen Landern und von geriatrischen Patienten mit kognitiver Schadigung werden in Kurze publiziert.

[The behavioral code of "savoir faire" as a cover for physician helplessness? A contribution to the physician-patient relationship of the 18th century].

Abstract: Eighteenth century literature contains critiques of physicians' behavior, as for example in Goethe's Faust. These critiques aim at the physicians' therapeutical incapacity which they try to compensate with a behavioral code called "savoir faire". This paper compares the critiques with the advices of medical authors given to their younger colleagues in the "savoir faire" literature. These sources often discuss, how to hide doubts, how to maintain the authority over the patients or to prevent complaints of malpractice. Obviously, physicians often didn't trust in their therapeutical proficiency and tried to bind their patients by inspiring a behavior of confidence, independent of the question of the real effectiveness of their treatments.

Machine-learning-based evidence and attribution mapping of 100,000 climate impact studies

Abstract: Increasing evidence suggests that climate change impacts are already observed around the world. Global environmental assessments face challenges to appraise the growing literature. Here we use the language model BERT to identify and classify studies on observed climate impacts, producing a comprehensive machine-learning-assisted evidence map. We estimate that 102,160 (64,958–164,274) publications document a broad range of observed impacts. By combining our spatially resolved database with grid-cell-level human-attributable changes in temperature and precipitation, we infer that attributable anthropogenic impacts may be occurring across 80% of the world’s land area, where 85% of the population reside. Our results reveal a substantial ‘attribution gap’ as robust levels of evidence for potentially attributable impacts are twice as prevalent in high-income than in low-income countries. While gaps remain on confidently attributabing climate impacts at the regional and sectoral level, this database illustrates the potential current impact of anthropogenic climate change across the globe. Evidence is growing on the impacts of climate change on human and natural systems. A two-step attribution approach—machine-learning-assisted literature review coupled with grid-cell-level temperature and precipitation—allows comprehensive mapping of the evidence on impacts and tentative attribution to anthropogenic influence.

Pain and dementia: a diagnostic challenge.

Abstract: Purpose The aim was to present current knowledge about pain assessment in people with dementia and to discuss special challenges and possible solutions.