Robert Bosch Stiftung

About: Robert Bosch Stiftung is a nonprofit organization based out in Stuttgart, Germany. It is known for research contribution in the topics: Health care & Poison control. The organization has 44 authors who have published 71 publications receiving 923 citations. The organization is also known as: Robert-Bosch-Stiftung & Robert Bosch Foundation.

Changing disease identities: cretinism, politics and surgery (1844-1892).

Abstract: Lorsque l'etiologie d'une maladie est decouverte, il serait indispensable de redefinir l'identite de cette maladie, afin qu'elle soit decrite correctement. L'A. prend l'exemple du cretinisme dont la cause fut decouverte par Kocher (T.) en 1883, mais dont la signification fut identique que la cause soit connue ou non

Measuring teachers’ competence to monitor student interaction in collaborative learning settings

Abstract: The efficacy of collaborative learning depends on the student interaction taking place. Monitoring student interaction can help teachers ensure their lesson goals are met. Experienced teachers describe, explain, and predict student interactions by drawing on their professional knowledge about types of student interaction that are associated with learning. This paper reports an assessment tool that measures teachers’ monitoring competence, operationalized as a form of professional vision: the ability to describe student interaction. Participants rate student interactions shown in videos on standardized items. Ratings are compared to an expert solution to provide a measure of monitoring competence. The assessment tool was evaluated with N = 193 teacher students that were in the pre-service or in-service phase of German teacher education. Classical test theory and generalizability theory were applied to evaluate the reliability of the assessment tool. Scores showed medium internal consistency. Measurement error resulting from videos was small. Reliability of scores was sufficient to detect differences in competence levels, before and after completing a training program on monitoring competence. Participants found the assessment tool appropriate for measuring monitoring competence. The findings show the feasibility of measuring professional vision of student interaction in collaborative learning. The assessment tool may be useful for adapting teacher dashboards, such as by advising beginning teachers how to intervene or, for more experienced teachers, by alerting when student interaction is not optimal for learning.

Re: ‘Falls Definition Validation’

Abstract: As older people may be the only witnesses of their fall event self-report, remains a crucial source of information about falls. Dickens et al. [1] made a valid point, that for clinical use, a standardised full definition of a fall [2] may not be necessary for patients' understanding of ‘what is a fall’. However, for effective meta-analyses of data from different researchers, it is vital. For example, Tai Chi hit the United Kingdom with gusto after the publication by Wolf showing that older people taking part in Tai Chi halved their risk of falls [3]. Yet, on closer analysis, Wolf was considering trips and falls and so despite seeming to be more effective than previously published fall-prevention exercise, it could not be usefully compared. Without standardisation of falls definitions, we will not be able to extract useful data for clinical guidelines on fall prevention interventions. Self-report of falls is notoriously inaccurate, a recent trial looking at the use of diaries to record falls for 6 months followed by a retrospective self-report of falls, found that falls were generally under-reported on questioning compared to a falls diary. A significant difference in falls self-report was seen between those in the intervention and those in the control group, suggesting that self-report varies depending on access to care. The assumption that an injury will assist in the recall of fall was not confirmed in this study as the self-reporting of injuries was worse than the self-reporting of falls. However, these were falls over the last 6 months, whether or not a fall had precipitated a visit to an Accident and Emergency Department. The use of different methods of self-report of falls must be tailored to the setting and the use of the data. While we agree with Dickens that simplicity is optimal in the clinical setting, the limitations of these approaches need to be recognised. For research purposes we urge readers to adopt high quality standardised definitions, such as those developed by the ProFaNE consensus statement of outcome definitions. 1) Dickens J, Jones M, Johansen A. (2006) Falls definition—reliability of patients' own reports. Age Ageing 35 450-51. 2) Hauer K, Lamb SE, Jorstad EC, Todd C, Becker C. ProFaNE Group. (2006) Systematic review of definitions and methods of measuring falls in randomised controlled fall prevention trials. Age Ageing 35 5-10. 3) Wolf SL, Barnhart HX, Kutner NG}, et al. (1996) Reducing frailty and falls in older persons: an investigation of Tai Chi and computerized balance training. Atlanta FICSIT Group. J Am Geriatr Soc 44 489-97. Language: en

The historiography of nonconventional medicine in Germany: a concise overview.

Abstract: L'historiographie des pratiques de la medecine non conventionnelle telle que l'homeopathie, le mesmerisme et l'exorcisme utilisees en Allemagne aux XIX e et XX e siecles est decrite