Roma Tre University

About: Roma Tre University is a education organization based out in Rome, Lazio, Italy. It is known for research contribution in the topics: Large Hadron Collider & Galaxy. The organization has 4434 authors who have published 15352 publications receiving 374888 citations. The organization is also known as: Universita degli Studi Roma Tre & RomaTre.

Adopting the circular economy approach on food loss and waste: The case of Italian pasta production

Abstract: Food loss and waste (FLW) is one of the most serious social, economic and environmental issues undermining our planet’s sustainability, and by reducing it some UN Sustainable Development Goals may be achieved. The European Commission Circular Economy (CE) Package foresees FLW prevention, but to date few studies have adopted the CE perspective for analysing FLW. In 2017 only 20% of the world’s 50 largest food companies have established FLW reduction programs. However, reducing FLW is also beneficial for company economic sustainability since it was observed that for every dollar invested in reducing FLW there is a saving of 14 dollars in operating costs. Therefore, main aim of this research is to quantify the main FLW and their causes along the FSC of the pasta production and to understand if these FLW could be reused according to the CE approach. Based on a single case study analysis, for the first time, this study quantifies FLW along the pasta supply chain, emphasizing FLW valorisation from a CE perspective using the global Food Loss and Waste Accounting and Reporting Standard. Our results show that pasta supply chain is a good example of CE as little is lost. Food losses in the field are very limited (less than 2%), while the straw obtained during the harvest is normally used as animal feed and litter. The losses generated during the grinding of the wheat and pasta production amounted to approximately 2%. In line with previous literature, most FLW occurs during the cultivation and consumption, thus demonstrating that further research is required in order to reduce FLW in these two supply chain phases.

An experimental study of the replacement of leucite by analcime

Abstract: Leucite and analcime have open framework aluminosilicate structures, where ion exchange by cation substitution has been previously used to explain the replacement of one phase by another Using 18O-enriched NaCl solutions in hydrothermal reactions and run-product analyses using scanning electron microscopy, infrared and Raman spectroscopy, and time-of-flight secondary ion mass spectrometry, we show that the replacement of leucite by analcime is not a solid-state reaction involving cation exchange by volume diffusion Textural features such as nano-pores and clusters, as well as the detection of high amounts of 18O in the framework of analcime, suggest that the reaction proceeds by dissolution of leucite and reprecipitation of analcime, where structural O atoms of the leucite framework are exchanged and a new analcime structure forms at a moving interface through the leucite parent crystal The characteristic high porosity (on a nano-scale) in the analcime product phase results from some of the parent phase being lost to the solution to give a volume deficit reaction However, external dimensions are maintained during the process to result in the pseudomorphic replacement of an open framework aluminosilicate structure by a coupled dissolution-reprecipitation mechanism

Highly Ionized Iron Absorption Lines from Outflowing Gas in the X-Ray Spectrum of NGC 1365

Abstract: We present the discovery of four absorption lines in the X-ray spectrum of the Seyfert galaxy NGC 1365, at energies between 6.7 and 8.3 keV. The lines are detected with high statistical confidence (from >20 sigma for the strongest to -4 sigma for the weakest) in two XMM-Newton observations 60 ks long. We also detect the same lines, with a lower signal-to-noise ratio (but still >2 sigma for each line), in two previous shorter (-10 ks) XMM-Newton observations. The spectral analysis identifies these features as Fe XXV and Fe XXVI Kalpha and Kbeta lines, outflowing with velocities varying between -1000 and -5000 km/s among the observations. These are the highest quality detections of such lines so far. The high equivalent widths [EW (Kalpha) approximately 100 eV] and the Kalpha/Kbeta ratios imply that the lines are due to absorption of the AGN continuum by a highly ionized gas with column density NH-5?1023 cm(exp -2) at a distance of -(50-100)RS from the continuum source.

Circularly polarized beams and vortex generation in uniaxial media.

Abstract: We deduce the expressions for the two circularly polarized components of a paraxial beam propagating along the optical axis of a uniaxial crystal. We find that each of them is the sum of two contributions, the first being a free field and the second describing the interaction with the opposite component. Moreover, we expand both components as a superposition of vortices of any order, thus obtaining a complete physical picture of the interaction dynamics. Consequently, we argue that a left-hand circularly polarized incoming beam, endowed with a circular symmetric profile, gives rise, inside the crystal, to a right-hand circularly polarized vortex of order 2. The efficiency of this vortex generation is investigated by means of a power exchange analysis. The Gaussian case is fully discussed, showing the relevant features of the vortex generation.