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Showing papers by "Rovira i Virgili University published in 2019"


Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: The 20CRv2c dataset as mentioned in this paper is the first ensemble of sub-daily global atmospheric conditions spanning over 100 years, which provides a best estimate of the weather at any given place and time as well as an estimate of its confidence and uncertainty.
Abstract: Historical reanalyses that span more than a century are needed for a wide range of studies, from understanding large‐scale climate trends to diagnosing the impacts of individual historical extreme weather events. The Twentieth Century Reanalysis (20CR) Project is an effort to fill this need. It is supported by the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA), the Cooperative Institute for Research in Environmental Sciences (CIRES), and the U.S. Department of Energy (DOE), and is facilitated by collaboration with the international Atmospheric Circulation Reconstructions over the Earth initiative. 20CR is the first ensemble of sub‐daily global atmospheric conditions spanning over 100 years. This provides a best estimate of the weather at any given place and time as well as an estimate of its confidence and uncertainty. While extremely useful, version 2c of this dataset (20CRv2c) has several significant issues, including inaccurate estimates of confidence and a global sea level pressure bias in the mid‐19th century. These and other issues can reduce its effectiveness for studies at many spatial and temporal scales. Therefore, the 20CR system underwent a series of developments to generate a significant new version of the reanalysis. The version 3 system (NOAA‐CIRES‐DOE 20CRv3) uses upgraded data assimilation methods including an adaptive inflation algorithm; has a newer, higher‐resolution forecast model that specifies dry air mass; and assimilates a larger set of pressure observations. These changes have improved the ensemble‐based estimates of confidence, removed spin‐up effects in the precipitation fields, and diminished the sea‐level pressure bias. Other improvements include more accurate representations of storm intensity, smaller errors, and large‐scale reductions in model bias. The 20CRv3 system is comprehensively reviewed, focusing on the aspects that have ameliorated issues in 20CRv2c. Despite the many improvements, some challenges remain, including a systematic bias in tropical precipitation and time‐varying biases in southern high‐latitude pressure fields.

409 citations


Journal ArticleDOI
Iñigo Olalde1, Swapan Mallick2, Swapan Mallick1, Swapan Mallick3, Nick Patterson2, Nadin Rohland1, Vanessa Villalba-Mouco4, Vanessa Villalba-Mouco5, Marina Silva6, Katharina Dulias6, Ceiridwen J. Edwards6, Francesca Gandini6, Maria Pala6, Pedro Soares7, Manuel Ferrando-Bernal8, Nicole Adamski1, Nicole Adamski3, Nasreen Broomandkhoshbacht3, Nasreen Broomandkhoshbacht1, Olivia Cheronet9, Brendan J. Culleton10, Daniel Fernandes9, Daniel Fernandes11, Ann Marie Lawson1, Ann Marie Lawson3, Matthew Mah2, Matthew Mah1, Matthew Mah3, Jonas Oppenheimer3, Jonas Oppenheimer1, Kristin Stewardson1, Kristin Stewardson3, Zhao Zhang1, Juan Manuel Jiménez Arenas12, Juan Manuel Jiménez Arenas13, Isidro Jorge Toro Moyano, Domingo C. Salazar-García14, Pere Castanyer, Marta Santos, Joaquim Tremoleda, Marina Lozano15, Pablo García Borja16, Javier Fernández-Eraso14, José Antonio Mujika-Alustiza14, Cecilio Barroso, Francisco J. Bermúdez, Enrique Viguera Mínguez17, Josep Burch, Neus Coromina, David Vivó, Artur Cebrià18, Josep Maria Fullola18, Oreto García-Puchol19, Juan Ignacio Morales18, F. Xavier Oms18, Tona Majó20, Josep Maria Vergès15, Antonia Díaz-Carvajal18, Imma Ollich-Castanyer18, F. Javier López-Cachero18, Ana Maria Silva11, Ana Maria Silva21, Carmen Alonso-Fernández, Germán Delibes de Castro22, Javier Jiménez Echevarría, Adolfo Moreno-Márquez23, Adolfo Moreno-Márquez24, Guillermo Pascual Berlanga13, Pablo Ramos-García13, José Ramos-Muñoz23, Eduardo Vijande Vila23, Gustau Aguilella Arzo, Ángel Esparza Arroyo25, Katina T. Lillios26, Jennifer E. Mack26, Javier Velasco-Vázquez27, Anna J. Waterman28, Luis Benítez de Lugo Enrich29, Luis Benítez de Lugo Enrich16, María Benito Sánchez30, Bibiana Agustí, Ferran Codina, Gabriel de Prado, Almudena Estalrrich31, Álvaro Fernández Flores, Clive Finlayson, Geraldine Finlayson32, Geraldine Finlayson33, Stewart Finlayson32, Stewart Finlayson34, Francisco Giles-Guzmán32, Antonio Rosas35, Virginia Barciela González22, Gabriel García Atiénzar22, Mauro S. Hernández Pérez22, Armando Llanos, Yolanda Carrión Marco19, Isabel Collado Beneyto, David López-Serrano, Mario Sanz Tormo36, António Carlos Valera, Concepción Blasco29, Corina Liesau29, Patricia Ríos29, Joan Daura18, María Jesús de Pedro Michó, Agustín Diez Castillo19, Raúl Flores Fernández37, Raúl Flores Fernández38, Joan Francès Farré, Rafael Garrido-Pena29, Victor S. Gonçalves21, Elisa Guerra-Doce22, Ana Mercedes Herrero-Corral30, Joaquim Juan-Cabanilles, Daniel López-Reyes, Sarah B. McClure36, Marta Pérez18, Arturo Oliver Foix, Montserrat Sanz Borràs18, Ana Catarina Sousa21, Julio Manuel Vidal Encinas, Douglas J. Kennett10, Douglas J. Kennett36, Martin B. Richards6, Kurt W. Alt37, Kurt W. Alt38, Wolfgang Haak39, Wolfgang Haak4, Ron Pinhasi9, Carles Lalueza-Fox8, David Reich2, David Reich3, David Reich1 
15 Mar 2019-Science
TL;DR: It is revealed that present-day Basques are best described as a typical Iron Age population without the admixture events that later affected the rest of Iberia, and how the ancestry of the peninsula was transformed by gene flow from North Africa and the eastern Mediterranean is document.
Abstract: J.M.F., F.J.L.-C., J.I.M., F.X.O., J.D., and M.S.B. were supported by HAR2017-86509-P, HAR2017-87695-P, and SGR2017-11 from the Generalitat de Catalunya, AGAUR agency. C.L.-F. was supported by Obra Social La Caixa and by FEDER-MINECO (BFU2015- 64699-P). L.B.d.L.E. was supported by REDISCO-HAR2017-88035-P (Plan Nacional I+D+I, MINECO). C.L., P.R., and C.Bl. were supported by MINECO (HAR2016-77600-P). A.Esp., J.V.-V., G.D., and D.C.S.-G. were supported by MINECO (HAR2009-10105 and HAR2013-43851-P). D.J.K. and B.J.C. were supported by NSF BCS-1460367. K.T.L., A.W., and J.M. were supported by NSF BCS-1153568. J.F.-E. and J.A.M.-A. were supported by IT622-13 Gobierno Vasco, Diputacion Foral de Alava, and Diputacion Foral de Gipuzkoa. We acknowledge support from the Portuguese Foundation for Science and Technology (PTDC/EPH-ARQ/4164/2014) and the FEDER-COMPETE 2020 project 016899. P.S. was supported by the FCT Investigator Program (IF/01641/2013), FCT IP, and ERDF (COMPETE2020 – POCI). M.Si. and K.D. were supported by a Leverhulme Trust Doctoral Scholarship awarded to M.B.R. and M.P. D.R. was supported by an Allen Discovery Center grant from the Paul Allen Foundation, NIH grant GM100233, and the Howard Hughes Medical Institute. V.V.-M. and W.H. were supported by the Max Planck Society.

287 citations


Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: According to the toxicological information about PFAS that is so far available, the current health risks for the regular consumers of municipal/tap water do not seem to be of concern according to the levels considered as acceptable for various regulatory institutions.

251 citations


Journal ArticleDOI
01 May 2019
TL;DR: In this paper, historical developments in molecular water oxidation catalysis, emphasizing studies of ruthenium complexes that have taught us how to design optimal catalysts, have been presented.
Abstract: There is an urgent need to transition from fossil fuels to solar fuels — not only to lower CO2 emissions that cause global warming but also to ration fossil resources. Splitting H2O with sunlight emerges as a clean and sustainable energy conversion scheme that can afford practical technologies in the short-to-mid-term. A crucial component in such a device is a water oxidation catalyst (WOC). These artificial catalysts have been developed mainly over the past two decades, which is in contrast to nature’s WOCs, which have featured in its photosynthetic apparatus for more than a billion years. Recent times have seen the development of increasingly active molecular WOCs, the study of which affords an understanding of catalytic mechanisms and decomposition pathways. This Perspective offers a historical description of the landmark molecular WOCs, particularly ruthenium systems, that have guided research to our present degree of understanding. Water oxidation catalysts are key components in water-splitting devices that synthesize fuels by using energy, including that from sunlight. This Perspective presents historical developments in molecular water oxidation catalysis, emphasizing studies of ruthenium complexes that have taught us how to design optimal catalysts.

180 citations


Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: Oral treatment of APPswe/PS1dE9 mice with EGCG/AA NPs resulted in a marked increase in synapses, as judged by synaptophysin (SYP) expression, and reduction of neuroinflammation as well as amyloid &bgr; (A&b gr;) plaque burden and cortical levels of soluble and insoluble A&b Gr;(1‐42) peptide.

178 citations


Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: In this paper, the authors present an analysis of the collective dynamics of such a simplicial system, namely coupled phase oscillators with three-way interactions, which gives rise to a number of novel phenomena, such as abrupt desynchronization transitions with no abrupt synchronization transition counterpart, as well as extensive multistability whereby infinitely many stable partially synchronized states exist.
Abstract: Collective behavior in large ensembles of dynamical units with nonpairwise interactions may play an important role in several systems ranging from brain function to social networks. Despite recent work pointing to simplicial structure, i.e., higher-order interactions between three or more units at a time, their dynamical characteristics remain poorly understood. Here we present an analysis of the collective dynamics of such a simplicial system, namely coupled phase oscillators with three-way interactions. The simplicial structure gives rise to a number of novel phenomena, most notably a continuum of abrupt desynchronization transitions with no abrupt synchronization transition counterpart, as well as extensive multistability whereby infinitely many stable partially synchronized states exist. Our analysis sheds light on the complexity that can arise in physical systems with simplicial interactions like the human brain and the role that simplicial interactions play in storing information.

170 citations


Journal ArticleDOI
Miguel Ángel Martínez-González1, Miguel Ángel Martínez-González2, Miguel Ángel Martínez-González3, Pilar Buil-Cosiales1, Pilar Buil-Cosiales3, Dolores Corella3, Dolores Corella4, Mònica Bulló3, Mònica Bulló5, Montserrat Fitó3, Jesús Vioque3, Dora Romaguera3, J. Alfredo Martínez1, J. Alfredo Martínez3, Julia Wärnberg3, Julia Wärnberg6, Jose Lopez-Miranda7, Jose Lopez-Miranda3, Ramon Estruch3, Ramon Estruch8, Aurora Bueno-Cavanillas3, Aurora Bueno-Cavanillas9, F. Aros10, F. Aros3, Josep A. Tur3, Josep A. Tur11, Francisco J. Tinahones12, Francisco J. Tinahones3, Lluis Serra-Majem3, Lluis Serra-Majem13, Vicente Martín14, Vicente Martín3, José Lapetra3, Clotilde Vázquez3, Xavier Pintó3, Josep Vidal3, Josep Vidal8, Lidia Daimiel15, Miguel Delgado-Rodríguez16, Miguel Delgado-Rodríguez3, Pilar Matía17, Emilio Ros8, Emilio Ros3, Fernando Fernández-Aranda3, Cristina Botella18, Cristina Botella3, María P. Portillo10, María P. Portillo3, Rosa M. Lamuela-Raventós8, Rosa M. Lamuela-Raventós3, Ascensión Marcos19, Guillermo T. Sáez4, Enrique Gómez-Gracia12, Miguel Ruiz-Canela3, Miguel Ruiz-Canela1, Estefanía Toledo3, Estefanía Toledo1, Ismael Alvarez-Alvarez3, Ismael Alvarez-Alvarez1, Javier Díez-Espino3, Javier Díez-Espino1, José V. Sorlí3, José V. Sorlí4, Josep Basora5, Josep Basora3, Olga Castañer3, Helmut Schröder3, Eva María Navarrete-Muñoz3, Maria Angeles Zulet3, Maria Angeles Zulet1, Antonio Garcia-Rios7, Antonio Garcia-Rios3, Jordi Salas-Salvadó5, Jordi Salas-Salvadó3, PREDIMED-Plus Investigators 

163 citations


Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: It is concluded that T2D is preventable by changing lifestyle and the risk reduction is sustained for many years after the active intervention (high certainty of evidence).
Abstract: Prevention of type 2 diabetes (T2D) is a great challenge worldwide. The aim of this evidence synthesis was to summarize the available evidence in order to update the European Association for the Study of Diabetes (EASD) clinical practice guidelines for nutrition therapy. We conducted a systematic review and, where appropriate, meta-analyses of randomized controlled trials (RCTs) carried out in people with impaired glucose tolerance (IGT) (six studies) or dysmetabolism (one study) to answer the following questions: What is the evidence that T2D is preventable by lifestyle changes? What is the optimal diet (with a particular focus on diet quality) for prevention, and does the prevention of T2D result in a lower risk of late complications of T2D? The Grading of Recommendations Assessment, Development, and Evaluation (GRADE) approach was applied to assess the certainty of the trial evidence. Altogether seven RCTs (N = 4090) fulfilled the eligibility criteria and were included in the meta-analysis. The diagnosis of incident diabetes was based on an oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT). The overall risk reduction of T2D by the lifestyle interventions was 0.53 (95% CI 0.41; 0.67). Most of the trials aimed to reduce weight, increase physical activity, and apply a diet relatively low in saturated fat and high in fiber. The PREDIMED trial that did not meet eligibility criteria for inclusion in the meta-analysis was used in the final assessment of diet quality. We conclude that T2D is preventable by changing lifestyle and the risk reduction is sustained for many years after the active intervention (high certainty of evidence). Healthy dietary changes based on the current recommendations and the Mediterranean dietary pattern can be recommended for the long-term prevention of diabetes. There is limited or insufficient data to show that prevention of T2D by lifestyle changes results in a lower risk of cardiovascular and microvascular complications.

157 citations


Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: Human dermal exposure to potentially toxic chemicals through skin‐contact textiles/clothes shows a non‐negligible presence in some textiles, which might lead to potential systemic risks for the consumers.

155 citations


Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: The vast literature on explosive phenomena in networked systems is reviewed to provide a coherent overview and perspective for future research to address the many vital questions that remained unanswered and to classify explosive phenomena based on underlying mechanisms.
Abstract: The emergence of large-scale connectivity and synchronization are crucial to the structure, function and failure of many complex socio-technical networks. Thus, there is great interest in analyzing...

148 citations


Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: Evidence indicates that GI and GL are substantial food markers predicting the development of T2D worldwide, for persons of European ancestry and of East Asian ancestry and that consideration should be given to these dietary risk factors in nutrition advice.
Abstract: Published meta-analyses indicate significant but inconsistent incident type-2 diabetes(T2D)-dietary glycemic index (GI) and glycemic load (GL) risk ratios or risk relations (RR). It is nowover a decade ago that a published meta-analysis used a predefined standard to identify validstudies. Considering valid studies only, and using random effects dose-response meta-analysis(DRM) while withdrawing spurious results (p 1.20 with a lower 95% confidence limit>1.10 across typical intakes (approximately 10th to 90th percentiles of population intakes). Thecombined T2D-GI RR was 1.27 (1.15-1.40) (p < 0.001, n = 10 studies) per 10 units GI, while that forthe T2D-GL RR was 1.26 (1.15-1.37) (p < 0.001, n = 15) per 80 g/d GL in a 2000 kcal (8400 kJ) diet.The corresponding global DRM using restricted cubic splines were 1.87 (1.56-2.25) (p < 0.001, n =10) and 1.89 (1.66-2.16) (p < 0.001, n = 15) from 47.6 to 76.1 units GI and 73 to 257 g/d GL in a 2000kcal diet, respectively. In conclusion, among adults initially in good health, diets higher in GI or GLwere robustly associated with incident T2D. Together with mechanistic and other data, thissupports that consideration should be given to these dietary risk factors in nutrition advice.Concerning the public health relevance at the global level, our evidence indicates that GI and GLare substantial food markers predicting the development of T2D worldwide, for persons ofEuropean ancestry and of East Asian ancestry.


Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: A large body of evidence point to succinate as a new strategic mediator in the microbiota-host cross-talk, which might provide the basis for new therapeutically approaches in a near future.
Abstract: There is now a wealth of evidence showing that communication between microbiota and the host is critical to sustain the vital functions of the healthy host, and disruptions of this homeostatic coexistence are known to be associated with a range of diseases including obesity and type 2 diabetes. Microbiota-derived metabolites act both as nutrients and as messenger molecules and can signal to distant organs in the body to shape host pathophysiology. In this review, we provide a new perspective on succinate as a gut microbiota-derived metabolite with a key role governing intestinal homeostasis and energy metabolism. Thus, succinate is not merely a major intermediary of the TCA traditionally considered as an extracellular danger signal in the host, but also a by-product of some bacteria and a primary cross-feeding metabolite between gut resident microbes. In addition to maintain a healthy microbiome, specific functions of microbiota-derived succinate in peripheral tissues regulating host nutrient metabolism should not be rule out. Indeed, recent research point to some probiotic interventions directed to modulate succinate levels in the intestinal lumen, as a new microbiota-based therapies to treat obesity and related co-morbidities. While further research is essential, a large body of evidence point to succinate as a new strategic mediator in the microbiota-host cross-talk, which might provide the basis for new therapeutically approaches in a near future.

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: This Review covers the latest and most significant developments on Ru complexes that behave as powerful water oxidation catalysts and where at some stage the Ru metal attains coordination number 7.
Abstract: Molecular water oxidation catalysis is a field that has experienced an impressive development over the past decade mainly fueled by the promise of generation of a sustainable carbon neutral fuel society, based on water splitting. Most of these advancements have been possible thanks to the detailed understanding of the reactions and intermediates involved in the catalytic cycles. Today's best molecular water oxidation catalysts reach turnover frequencies that are orders of magnitude higher than that of the natural oxygen evolving center in photosystem II. These catalysts are based on Ru complexes where at some stage, the first coordination sphere of the metal center becomes seven coordinated. The key for this achievement is largely based on the use of adaptative ligands that adjust their coordination mode depending on the structural and electronic demands of the metal center at different oxidation states accessed within the catalytic cycle. This Review covers the latest and most significant developments on Ru complexes that behave as powerful water oxidation catalysts and where at some stage the Ru metal attains coordination number 7. Further it provides a comprehensive and rational understanding of the different structural and electronic factors that govern the behavior of these catalysts.

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: It was concluded that HC subjects showed a particular faecal bacterial signature and SCFAs profile associated with their lipid profile and BA profile did not show differences between groups.
Abstract: Gut microbiota has been suggested to affect lipid metabolism. The objective of this study was to characterize the faecal microbiota signature and both short chain fatty acids (SCFAs) and bile acids (BA) profile of hypercholesterolemic subjects. Microbiota composition, SCFAs, BA and blood lipid profile from male volunteers with hypercholesterolemia (HC) and normocholesterolemia (NC) were determined by 16S rDNA sequencing, HPLC, GC and NMR, respectively. HC subjects were characterized by having lower relative abundance of Anaeroplasma (0.002% vs 0.219%, p-value = 0.026) and Haemophilus (0.041% vs 0.078%, p-value = 0.049), and higher of Odoribacter (0.51% vs 0.16%; p-value = 0.044). Correlation analysis revealed that Anaeroplasma and Haemophilus were associated to an unfavourable lipid profile: they correlated negatively to cholesterol and triglycerides related biomarkers and the ratio total to high density lipoprotein (HDL) cholesterol, and positively to HDL size. Odoribacter displayed an opposite behaviour. Faecal SCFAs profile revealed higher abundance of isobutyric (2.76% vs 0.82%, p-value = 0.049) and isovaleric acid (1.32% vs 0.06%, p-value = 0.016) in HC. Isobutyric acid correlated positively with Odoribacter and lipid parameters indicative of an unfavourable profile. BA profile did not show differences between groups. It was concluded that HC subjects showed a particular faecal bacterial signature and SCFAs profile associated with their lipid profile.

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: Novel species of fungi described in this study include those from various countries as follows: Australia, Chaetomella pseudocircinoseta and Coniella pseudodiospyri on Eucalyptus microcorys leaves, Cladophialophora eucalyPTi, TeratosphaeriaDunnii and Vermiculariopsiella dunnii on EUCalypti leaves, Cylindrium grande and Hypsotheca e
Abstract: Novel species of fungi described in this study include those from various countries as follows: Australia, Chaetomella pseudocircinoseta and Coniella pseudodiospyri on Eucalyptus microcorys leaves, Cladophialophora eucalypti, Teratosphaeria dunnii and Vermiculariopsiella dunnii on Eucalyptus dunnii leaves, Cylindrium grande and Hypsotheca eucalyptorum on Eucalyptus grandis leaves, Elsinoe salignae on Eucalyptus saligna leaves, Marasmius lebeliae on litter of regenerating subtropical rainforest, Phialoseptomonium eucalypti (incl. Phialoseptomonium gen. nov.) on Eucalyptus grandis × camaldulensis leaves, Phlogicylindrium pawpawense on Eucalyptus tereticornis leaves, Phyllosticta longicauda as an endophyte from healthy Eustrephus latifolius leaves, Pseudosydowia eucalyptorum on Eucalyptus sp. leaves, Saitozyma wallum on Banksia aemula leaves, Teratosphaeria henryi on Corymbia henryi leaves. Brazil, Aspergillus bezerrae, Backusella azygospora, Mariannaea terricola and Talaromyces pernambucoensis from soil, Calonectria matogrossensis on Eucalyptus urophylla leaves, Calvatia brasiliensis on soil, Carcinomyces nordestinensis on Bromelia antiacantha leaves, Dendryphiella stromaticola on small branches of an unidentified plant, Nigrospora brasiliensis on Nopalea cochenillifera leaves, Penicillium alagoense as a leaf endophyte on a Miconia sp., Podosordaria nigrobrunnea on dung, Spegazzinia bromeliacearum as a leaf endophyte on Tilandsia catimbauensis, Xylobolus brasiliensis on decaying wood. Bulgaria, Kazachstania molopis from the gut of the beetle Molops piceus. Croatia, Mollisia endocrystallina from a fallen decorticated Picea abies tree trunk. Ecuador, Hygrocybe rodomaculata on soil. Hungary, Alfoldia vorosii (incl. Alfoldia gen. nov.) from Juniperus communis roots, Kiskunsagia ubrizsyi (incl. Kiskunsagia gen. nov.) from Fumana procumbens roots. India, Aureobasidium tremulum as laboratory contaminant, Leucosporidium himalayensis and Naganishia indica from windblown dust on glaciers. Italy, Neodevriesia cycadicola on Cycas sp. leaves, Pseudocercospora pseudomyrticola on Myrtus communis leaves, Ramularia pistaciae on Pistacia lentiscus leaves, Neognomoniopsis quercina (incl. Neognomoniopsis gen. nov.) on Quercus ilex leaves. Japan, Diaporthe fructicola on Passiflora edulis × P. edulis f. flavicarpa fruit, Entoloma nipponicum on leaf litter in a mixed Cryptomeria japonica and Acer spp. forest. Macedonia, Astraeus macedonicus on soil. Malaysia, Fusicladium eucalyptigenum on Eucalyptus sp. twigs, Neoacrodontiella eucalypti (incl. Neoacrodontiella gen. nov.) on Eucalyptus urophylla leaves. Mozambique, Meliola gorongosensis on dead Philenoptera violacea leaflets. Nepal, Coniochaeta dendrobiicola from Dendriobium lognicornu roots. New Zealand, Neodevriesia sexualis and Thozetella neonivea on Archontophoenix cunninghamiana leaves. Norway, Calophoma sandfjordenica from a piece of board on a rocky shoreline, Clavaria parvispora on soil, Didymella finnmarkica from a piece of Pinus sylvestris driftwood. Poland, Sugiyamaella trypani from soil. Portugal, Colletotrichum feijoicola from Acca sellowiana. Russia, Crepidotus tobolensis on Populus tremula debris, Entoloma ekaterinae, Entoloma erhardii and Suillus gastroflavus on soil, Nakazawaea ambrosiae from the galleries of Ips typographus under the bark of Picea abies. Slovenia, Pluteus ludwigii on twigs of broadleaved trees. South Africa, Anungitiomyces stellenboschiensis (incl. Anungitiomyces gen. nov.) and Niesslia stellenboschiana on Eucalyptus sp. leaves, Beltraniella pseudoportoricensis on Podocarpus falcatus leaf litter, Corynespora encephalarti on Encephalartos sp. leaves, Cytospora pavettae on Pavetta revoluta leaves, Helminthosporium erythrinicola on Erythrina humeana leaves, Helminthosporium syzygii on a Syzygium sp. bark canker, Libertasomyces aloeticus on Aloe sp. leaves, Penicillium lunae from Musa sp. fruit, Phyllosticta lauridiae on Lauridia tetragona leaves, Pseudotruncatella bolusanthi (incl. Pseudotruncatellaceae fam. nov.) and Dactylella bolusanthi on Bolusanthus speciosus leaves. Spain, Apenidiella foetida on submerged plant debris, Inocybe grammatoides on Quercus ilex subsp. ilex forest humus, Ossicaulis salomii on soil, Phialemonium guarroi from soil. Thailand, Pantospora chromolaenae on Chromolaena odorata leaves. Ukraine, Cadophora helianthi from Helianthus annuus stems. USA, Boletus pseudopinophilus on soil under slash pine, Botryotrichum foricae, Penicillium americanum and Penicillium minnesotense from air. Vietnam, Lycoperdon vietnamense on soil. Morphological and culture characteristics are supported by DNA barcodes.

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: Low-quality evidence from prospective cohort studies suggests an inverse association between adherence to a MedDiet and the risk of all-cause mortality, especially in Mediterranean regions.

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: In this paper, a bibliometric study of Bitcoin-related research in different scientific disciplines is presented, focusing on the scientific production only around Bitcoin, excluding other blockchain applications, and restricted to papers indexed in the Web of Science Core Collection, whose topic is "bitcoin".
Abstract: Blockchain technology, and more specifically Bitcoin (one of its foremost applications), have been receiving increasing attention in the scientific community. The first publications with Bitcoin as a topic, can be traced back to 2012. In spite of this short time span, the production magnitude (1162 papers) makes it necessary to make a bibliometric study in order to observe research clusters, emerging topics, and leading scholars. Our paper is aimed at studying the scientific production only around bitcoin, excluding other blockchain applications. Thus, we restricted our search to papers indexed in the Web of Science Core Collection, whose topic is "bitcoin". This database is suitable for such diverse disciplines such as economics, engineering, mathematics, and computer science. This bibliometric study draws the landscape of the current state and trends of Bitcoin-related research in different scientific disciplines.

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: The high confidence in causal associations for incident T2D is sufficient to consider inclusion of GI and GL in food and nutrient-based recommendations, and the cost–benefit analysis suggests food and nutrition advice favors lower GI or GL and would produce significant potential cost savings in national healthcare budgets.
Abstract: While dietary factors are important modifiable risk factors for type 2 diabetes (T2D), the causal role of carbohydrate quality in nutrition remains controversial. Dietary glycemic index (GI) and glycemic load (GL) have been examined in relation to the risk of T2D in multiple prospective cohort studies. Previous meta-analyses indicate significant relations but consideration of causality has been minimal. Here, the results of our recent meta-analyses of prospective cohort studies of 4 to 26-y follow-up are interpreted in the context of the nine Bradford-Hill criteria for causality, that is: (1) Strength of Association, (2) Consistency, (3) Specificity, (4) Temporality, (5) Biological Gradient, (6) Plausibility, (7) Experimental evidence, (8) Analogy, and (9) Coherence. These criteria necessitated referral to a body of literature wider than prospective cohort studies alone, especially in criteria 6 to 9. In this analysis, all nine of the Hill's criteria were met for GI and GL indicating that we can be confident of a role for GI and GL as causal factors contributing to incident T2D. In addition, neither dietary fiber nor cereal fiber nor wholegrain were found to be reliable or effective surrogate measures of GI or GL. Finally, our cost-benefit analysis suggests food and nutrition advice favors lower GI or GL and would produce significant potential cost savings in national healthcare budgets. The high confidence in causal associations for incident T2D is sufficient to consider inclusion of GI and GL in food and nutrient-based recommendations.

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: In this paper, the authors assess the possible reasons for the differences observed in open circuit voltage (VOC) in mixed cation perovskite solar cells when comparing four different hole transport materials (HTMs), namely TAE-1,TAE-3, T AE-4 and spiro-OMeTAD.
Abstract: In this work, we assess the possible reasons for the differences observed in open circuit voltage (VOC) in mixed cation perovskite solar cells when comparing four different hole transport materials (HTMs), namely TAE-1, TAE-3, TAE-4 and spiro-OMeTAD. All these HTMs present close chemical and physical properties, however, once they are finally deposited onto the perovskite layer, the HTMs provide different performance characteristics. Additional to the evaluation of the HTM influence on recombination, we find that, upon deposition of the organic HTM on top of the perovskite, there is an important change in the energy level position, and the impact on the device VOC is discussed. We consider that this experimental observation could be general for other organic HTMs and would justify the difficulties in finding molecules and materials that could improve the efficiency of perovskite solar cells overcoming the solar-to-energy conversion efficiency of solar cells made using spiro-OMeTAD as a hole selective contact.

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: The key factors for the successful development of a cryptocurrency from a consumer-behavior perspective are analyzed and the performance expectancy for a given cryptocurrency was the most important factor for its success.
Abstract: The first commercial transaction with the first cryptocurrency in 2010 marked the start of a revolution in transactions. Blockchain and cryptocurrencies will dramatically transform how we do transactions, just as the Internet revolutionized how we communicate. Currently, more than 2,000 cryptocurrencies are quoted on the market, and many more are being launched in initial coin offerings for use as an exchange method in a specific business ecosystem or as rights to assets or liabilities. As an emerging fintech, cryptocurrencies open up many opportunities, but they also pose significant challenges and limitations. This paper analyzes the key factors for the successful development of a cryptocurrency from a consumer-behavior perspective. Using a technology acceptance theoretical framework, we test a model able to explain almost 85% of the intention to use cryptocurrencies. Surprisingly, risk was not a significant factor. This could be because most of the respondents considered operating with cryptocurrencies to be risky; the lack of variability in their responses to the questions about perceived risk would explain this lack of explanatory power. However, willingness to manage cryptocurrency risk could be a precondition for adoption. The performance expectancy for a given cryptocurrency was the most important factor for its success. The research was conducted in Spain with college-educated adults with basic knowledge of the Internet.

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: The authors combine a large database of liquid chromatography retention time with a deep learning approach to enable accurate metabolites’s identification and anticipate that this dataset will enable the community to apply machine learning or first principles strategies to generate better models for retention time prediction.
Abstract: Machine learning has been extensively applied in small molecule analysis to predict a wide range of molecular properties and processes including mass spectrometry fragmentation or chromatographic retention time. However, current approaches for retention time prediction lack sufficient accuracy due to limited available experimental data. Here we introduce the METLIN small molecule retention time (SMRT) dataset, an experimentally acquired reverse-phase chromatography retention time dataset covering up to 80,038 small molecules. To demonstrate the utility of this dataset, we deployed a deep learning model for retention time prediction applied to small molecule annotation. Results showed that in 70[Formula: see text] of the cases, the correct molecular identity was ranked among the top 3 candidates based on their predicted retention time. We anticipate that this dataset will enable the community to apply machine learning or first principles strategies to generate better models for retention time prediction.

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: Explosive percolation has been studied in this paper, where an extremely abrupt transition was found for a network growth process where links compete for addition in attempt to delay percolations, and it was ultimately revealed to be a continuous transition in the thermodynamic limit.
Abstract: The emergence of large-scale connectivity and synchronization are crucial to the structure, function and failure of many complex socio-technical networks. Thus, there is great interest in analyzing phase transitions to large-scale connectivity and to global synchronization, including how to enhance or delay the onset. These phenomena are traditionally studied as second-order phase transitions where, at the critical threshold, the order parameter increases rapidly but continuously. In 2009, an extremely abrupt transition was found for a network growth process where links compete for addition in attempt to delay percolation. This observation of "explosive percolation" was ultimately revealed to be a continuous transition in the thermodynamic limit, yet with very atypical finite-size scaling, and it started a surge of work on explosive phenomena and their consequences. Many related models are now shown to yield discontinuous percolation transitions and even hybrid transitions. Explosive percolation enables many other features such as multiple giant components, modular structures, discrete scale invariance and non-self-averaging, relating to properties found in many real phenomena such as explosive epidemics, electric breakdowns and the emergence of molecular life. Models of explosive synchronization provide an analytic framework for the dynamics of abrupt transitions and reveal the interplay between the distribution in natural frequencies and the network structure, with applications ranging from epileptic seizures to waking from anesthesia. Here we review the vast literature on explosive phenomena and synthesize the fundamental connections between models and survey the application areas. We attempt to classify explosive phenomena based on underlying mechanisms and to provide a coherent overview and perspective for future research to address the many vital questions that remained unanswered.

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: In this article, the perovskite-contact interfaces are described as transistors which couple ionic charge redistribution to energetic barriers controlling electronic injection and recombination, revealing an amplification factor between the out of phase electronic current and the ionic current.
Abstract: Mobile ions in hybrid perovskite semiconductors introduce a new degree of freedom to electronic devices suggesting applications beyond photovoltaics. An intuitive device model describing the interplay between ionic and electronic charge transfer is needed to unlock the full potential of the technology. We describe the perovskite-contact interfaces as transistors which couple ionic charge redistribution to energetic barriers controlling electronic injection and recombination. This reveals an amplification factor between the out of phase electronic current and the ionic current. Our findings suggest a strategy to design thin film electronic components with large, tuneable, capacitor-like and inductor-like characteristics. The resulting simple equivalent circuit model, which we verified with time-dependent drift-diffusion simulations of measured impedance spectra, allows a general description and interpretation of perovskite solar cell behaviour.

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: A porous, robust homochiral metal-organic framework (MOF), TAMOF-1, built from copper(II) and an affordable linker prepared from natural L-histidine is disclosed, opening unprecedented possibilities for low-energy chiral separation at the industrial scale.
Abstract: Selective separation of enantiomers is a substantial challenge for the pharmaceutical industry. Chromatography on chiral stationary phases is the standard method, but at a very high cost for industrial-scale purification due to the high cost of the chiral stationary phases. Typically, these materials are poorly robust, expensive to manufacture, and often too specific for a single desired substrate, lacking desirable versatility across different chiral analytes. Here, we disclose a porous, robust homochiral metal-organic framework (MOF), TAMOF-1, built from copper(II) and an affordable linker prepared from natural l-histidine. TAMOF-1 has shown to be able to separate a variety of model racemic mixtures, including drugs, in a wide range of solvents of different polarity, outperforming several commercial chiral columns for HPLC separations. Although not exploited in the present article, it is worthy to mention that the preparation of this new material is scalable to the multikilogram scale, opening unprecedented possibilities for low-energy chiral separation at the industrial scale.

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: Support is provided for the hypothesis that a pro-inflammatory diet is associated with increased all-cause mortality in two large Spanish cohorts and across these two cohorts and results published based on other cohorts.

Proceedings ArticleDOI
09 Dec 2019
TL;DR: This work presents Crucial, a system to program highly-concurrent stateful applications with serverless architectures that keeps the simplicity of FaaS and allows to port effortlessly multi-threaded algorithms to this new environment.
Abstract: Serverless computing is an emerging paradigm that greatly simplifies the usage of cloud resources and suits well to many tasks. Most notably, Function-as-a-Service (FaaS) enables programmers to develop cloud applications as individual functions that can run and scale independently. Yet, due to the disaggregation of storage and compute resources in FaaS, applications that require fine-grained support for mutable state and synchronization, such as machine learning and scientific computing, are hard to build. In this work, we present Crucial, a system to program highly-concurrent stateful applications with serverless architectures. Its programming model keeps the simplicity of FaaS and allows to port effortlessly multi-threaded algorithms to this new environment. Crucial is built upon the key insight that FaaS resembles to concurrent programming at the scale of a data center. As a consequence, a distributed shared memory layer is the right answer to the need for fine-grained state management and coordination in serverless. We validate our system with the help of micro-benchmarks and various applications. In particular, we implement two common machine learning algorithms: k-means clustering and logistic regression. For both cases, Crucial obtains superior or comparable performance to an equivalent Spark cluster.

Journal ArticleDOI
23 Apr 2019
TL;DR: The joint analysis of shared genes and symptoms on a multi-layered disease network uncovers an alternative grouping of diseases that may pave the way for a molecular-based disease classification, the discovery of novel disease relationships, and ultimately personalized diagnosis and treatment.
Abstract: Untangling the complex interplay between phenotype and genotype is crucial to the effective characterization and subtyping of diseases. Here we build and analyze the multiplex network of 779 human diseases, which consists of a genotype-based layer and a phenotype-based layer. We show that diseases with common genetic constituents tend to share symptoms, and uncover how phenotype information helps boost genotype information. Moreover, we offer a flexible classification of diseases that considers their molecular underpinnings alongside their clinical manifestations. We detect cohesive groups of diseases that have high intra-group similarity at both the molecular and the phenotypic level. Inspecting these disease communities, we demonstrate the underlying pathways that connect diseases mechanistically. We observe monogenic disorders grouped together with complex diseases for which they increase the risk factor. We propose potentially new disease associations that arise as a unique feature of the information flow within and across the two layers.

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: A direct relationship was found between serum/plasma zinc levels and T2DM and a moderately high dietary zinc intake, in relation to the Dietary Reference Intake, could reduce by 13% the risk of T1DM, and up to 41% in rural areas, suggesting disturbances in zinc homeostasis.
Abstract: Zinc could have a protective role against type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). This systematic review and meta-analysis aimed to evaluate the association between dietary, supplementary, and total zinc intake, as well as serum/plasma and whole blood zinc concentration, and risk of T2DM. Observational studies, conducted on cases of incident diabetes or T2DM patients and healthy subjects that reported a measure of association between zinc exposure and T2DM, were selected. Random effects meta-analyses were applied to obtain combined results. Stratified meta-analyses and meta-regressions were executed to assess sources of heterogeneity, as well as the impact of covariates on the findings. From 12,136 publications, 16 studies were selected. The odds ratio (OR) for T2DM comparing the highest versus lowest zinc intake from diet was 0.87 (95% CI: 0.78–0.98). Nevertheless, no association between supplementary or total zinc intake from both diet and supplementation, and T2DM was observed. A direct relationship was found between serum/plasma zinc levels and T2DM (OR = 1.64, 95% CI: 1.25–2.14). A moderately high dietary zinc intake, in relation to the Dietary Reference Intake, could reduce by 13% the risk of T2DM, and up to 41% in rural areas. Conversely, elevated serum/plasma zinc concentration was associated with an increased risk of T2DM by 64%, suggesting disturbances in zinc homeostasis.

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: The role of dietary and/or supplemental iron, copper, zinc, and selenium on cardiovascular health is discussed and their clinical applications, benefits, and harms in CVDs prevention are clarified.
Abstract: Minerals play a major role in regulating cardiovascular function. Imbalances in electrolyte minerals are frequent and potentially hazardous occurrences that may lead to the development of cardiovascular diseases (CVDs). Transition metals, such as iron, zinc, copper and selenium, play a major role in cell metabolism. However, there is controversy over the effects of dietary and supplemental intake of these metals on cardiovascular risk factors and events. Since their pro-oxidant or antioxidant functions can have different effects on cardiovascular health. While deficiency of these trace elements can cause cardiovascular dysfunction, several studies have also shown a positive association between metal serum levels and cardiovascular risk factors and events. Thus, a J- or U-shaped relationship between the transition minerals and cardiovascular events has been proposed. Given the existing controversies, large, well-designed, long-term, randomized clinical trials are required to better examine the effects of trace mineral intake on cardiovascular events and all-cause mortality in the general population. In this review, we discuss the role of dietary and/or supplemental iron, copper, zinc, and selenium on cardiovascular health. We will also clarify their clinical applications, benefits, and harms in CVDs prevention.