Showing papers by "Royal Holloway, University of London published in 1981"
TL;DR: In this paper, the adequacy of simple potential models to describe the properties of carbon dioxide in its different phases is explored, and good agreement with a wide range of properties is obtained for a three-centre model with n=12 and a value of the quadrupole moment which is somewhat smaller than the experimental one.
Abstract: The adequacy of simple potential models to describe the properties of carbon dioxide in its different phases is explored. The molecules are assumed to interact through two or three Lennard-Jones n-6 centres and a point quadrupole moment placed at the molecular centre of mass. Good agreement with a wide range of properties is obtained for a three-centre model with n=12 and a value of the quadrupole moment which is somewhat smaller than the experimental one.
235 citations
TL;DR: Analysis of the difficulties that confront existing thinning algorithms results in a new, systematic approach to thinning, leading to a family of algorithms able to achieve guaranteed standards of skeleton precision.
189 citations
TL;DR: In this paper, the molar ratios of complexed to uncomplexed polyhydroxy compounds, which give an indication of the relative stabilities of the complexes, are calculated from the chromatographic migration rates.
93 citations
TL;DR: The food of foxes in suburban London was examined using stomach contents and den litter analysis, and there was no correlation between the number of Passeriformes eaten and their abundance, nor between annual changes in the abundance of small birds and mean fox birth litter size and productivity.
Abstract: The food of foxes in suburban London was examined using stomach contents and den litter analysis. A great diversity of food was taken. Adult foxes killed nearer to the city centre were found to eat significantly fewer earthworms, domestic pets and wild mammals, but more scavenged food items, than foxes killed closer to the suburban fringe. Cubs killed closer to the city centre ate significantly fewer earthworms and insects, and more pet birds, pet mammals and scavenged food items than cubs killed nearer the periphery of the suburban area. Although seasonal trends in food selection were apparent, they were not as pronounced as those observed in studies of rural foxes. At no time of the year did a single food item predominate in the diet of adult foxes. Passeriformes were the most important single food item in the diet of young cubs, but there was no correlation between the number of Passeriformes eaten and their abundance, nor between annual changes in the abundance of small birds and mean fox birth litter size and productivity. Most foxes examined were in good body condition; there was no seasonal variation in body weight, although fat content did vary seasonally. A complementary survey in Bristol on losses of domestic pets to foxes revealed that 07% of pet cats and 80% of other pets kept outdoors were killed in a year. Damage to garden Crops was negligible.
93 citations
TL;DR: The main results of the present paper are as follows: as mentioned in this paper showed that the distance of x from the nearest integer can be expressed in terms of a positive constant depending at most on an arbitrary positive number e and on an integer k. The letter p always denotes a prime number.
Abstract: We write e(x) for e2πix and let ‖x‖ denote the distance of x from the nearest integer. The notation A ≪ B will mean |A| ≤ C|B| where C is a positive constant depending at most on an arbitrary positive number e, and on an integer k. The letter p always denotes a prime number. The main results of the present paper are as follows.
89 citations
Book•
01 Jan 1981TL;DR: In this article, the authors place the books in the economic and social contexts of their writing and publication, and consider many of the most prolific writers in detail, dealing with the stories intended to teach the newly literate poor their social and religious lessons: sensational romances, tales of adventure and military glory; and domestic novels, intended to offer girls a model for the expression of heroism and aspiration within the restricted Victorian woman's world.
Abstract: Originally published in 1981. Many of the classics of children’s literature were produced in the Victorian period. But Alice in Wonderland and The King of the Golden River were not the books offered to the majority of children of the time. When writing for children began to be taken seriously, it was not as an art, but as an instrument of moral suasion, practical instruction, Christian propaganda or social control.
This book describes and evaluates this body of literature. It places the books in the economic and social contexts of their writing and publication, and considers many of the most prolific writers in detail. It deals with the stories intended to teach the newly-literate poor their social and religious lessons: sensational romances, tales of adventure and military glory, through which the boys were taught the value of self-help and inspired with the ideals of empire; and domestic novels, intended to offer girls a model for the expression of heroism and aspiration within the restricted Victorian woman’s world.
74 citations
TL;DR: The induction of L-phenylalanine ammonialyase and flavanone synthase in French bean cell suspension cultures in response to heat-released elicitor from cell walls of the phytopathogenic fungus Colletotrichum lindemuthianum is highly dependent upon elicitor concentration.
Abstract: Article on dose responses for Colletotrichum lindemuthianum elicitor-mediated enzyme induction in French bean cell suspension cultures.
69 citations
65 citations
TL;DR: It is shown that there exists no regular graph with excess e =1 and girth 2 r +1⩾5.
60 citations
TL;DR: Cotton extensively N-didemethylated both CGA 43 057 and diuron to give nonphytotoxic products, an observation consistent with the greater resistance of cotton to these phenylureas.
56 citations
TL;DR: Algorithms are presented which enable molecular dynamics simulations of liquids to be performed most efficiently on the Cray-1 vector processing computer.
TL;DR: Ricin, abrin, modeccin, gelonin andMomordica charantia inhibitor, as well as crude extracts of Bryonia dioica seeds and of Dianthus caryophyllus leaves, each inhibit protein synthesis in a rabbit reticulocyte lysate and reduce local lesion production by tobacco mosaic virus, thus resembling the effects of the pokeweed antiviral peptide.
Abstract: Ricin, abrin, modeccin, gelonin andMomordica charantia inhibitor, as well as crude extracts ofBryonia dioica seeds and ofDianthus caryophyllus leaves, each inhibit protein synthesis in a rabbit reticulocyte lysate and reduce local lesion production by tobacco mosaic virus, thus resembling the effects of the pokeweed antiviral peptide.
TL;DR: In this article, a conformational energy map of the dipeptide is constructed for the alanine residue by the ab initio molecular orbital theory and the results are compared with those for the glycine residue.
Abstract: The conformational energy map of the dipeptide is constructed for the alanine residue by the ab initio molecular orbital theory and the results are compared with those for the glycine residue. The findings are mostly straightforward because the only change from the glycine map is the addition of the non-bonded repulsions between the methyl group and the rest of the molecule. One consequence of these repulsions in the alanine dipeptide is that one of the two C 7 hydrogen bonds present in the glycine case is no longer a low energy region; another is the pleating of the β sheet structures. The results offer an explanation of why polyglycine does not form α, helices while polyalanine does. They also suggest that the left handed α helix may be locked into its conformation and thus be stable against conformal changes. The low energy conformation of the methyl group is that of the simple staggered form with respect to C α . A curve is constructed for the non-bonded repulsion between oxygen and hydrogen. The results of the ab initio computations agree with those from the PCILO method in many but not all respects.
TL;DR: It is proved that if a distance-transitive digraph has girth g ≥3 and diameter d , then the digraph is obtained by a known construction from a smaller digraph satisfying d=g −1.
TL;DR: A detailed re-examination of the thecal plates of marine dinoflagellates belonging to the Diplopsalis group which have been collected in an extensive survey of the seas around the British Isles is made possible.
TL;DR: In this paper, the 119 Sn-N.m.r. spectra of bis(tributyltin) oxide with methyl 4,6- O -benzylidene-α-d -glucopyranoside and its tributylstannyl ethers, and substituent effects are discussed.
TL;DR: Three new generic names are proposed for marine dinoflagellates because the organisms cannot remain in the original genera because they are not naked but have a tough theca or periplast.
Abstract: Three new generic names are proposed for marine dinoflagellates. Herdmania gen. nov. is suggested for some organisms currently placed in Gymnodinium, and Sclerodinium gen. nov. for Gyrodinium calyptroglyphe and an entirely new species, S. striatum. In all cases the organisms cannot remain in the original genera because they are not naked but have a tough theca or periplast. Triadinium gen. nov. is proposed to replace Goniodoma Stein and Heteraulacus Diesing, both of which are invalid names. New combinations are put forward for several other species of Triadinium.
01 May 1981
TL;DR: In this article, the entropy of hexagonal close-packed (hcp) and face-centered cubic (fcc) hard-sphere crystals is calculated by direct evaluation of the configurational partition function.
Abstract: The face-centered cubic (fcc) and hexagonal close-packed (hcp) hard-sphere crystals are known to have almost the same entropy. In this paper, the entropy of both crystals close to dense packing is calculated by direct evaluation of the configurational partition function. This is done using an improved Monte Carlo integration technique. The result is that the entropy difference per particle is 0.02 k ( k is Boltzmann's constant) favouring the fcc structure. This value is in accordance with the estimate based on the supposed relationship between the free volume and ( R 2 ), ( R 2 ) being the mean square displacement of a sphere from its lattice site.
TL;DR: In this paper, the authors found that blanching of mung bean sprouts has little effect on total carotenoids and β-carotene and stored mung beans stored at RT for 6 months contained only 30% of the vitamin C of stored bottled sprouts.
Abstract: Blanching of mung bean sprouts has little effect on total carotenoids and β-carotene. Canned sprouts stored at RT for 6 months lost smaller amounts of total and ‘active’ carotenoids compared with bottled sprouts. Blanching resulted in approximately 50% loss of vitamin C in fresh mung bean sprouts but storage temperatures alone produced little change in vitamin C.
Canned sprouts stored at RT for 6 months contained only 30% of the vitamin C of stored bottled sprouts. Fresh mung bean sprouts contained 19 μg 100 g−1β-carotene and 15 mg 100 g−1 vitamin C.
TL;DR: In this paper, Monte Carlo methods are used to study pure SU(4) gauge fields in four space-time dimensions, and a first-order phase transition is seen clearly at β ≈ 10.12 on a 3 4 lattice.
TL;DR: In this paper, it was shown that none of these graphs have diameter greater than 5, except for some well-known exceptions, and hence they cannot be classified as generalised polygons.
Abstract: If a graph attains the bound (1.1) it is called a Moore graph if g is odd and a generalised polygon if g is even. A lot of work has been done on the classification of these graphs. Moore graphs have been studied by Hoffman and Singleton [8], Bannai and Ito [1], and Damerell [5]. Generalised polygons have been studied by Feit and Higman [7], Benson [3], and Singleton [9]. Biggs ([4]; Chapter 23) considered both types of graph as special cases of a more general family of distanceregular graphs. In this paper, we shall study this enlarged family of graphs. We shall prove that (apart from some well-known exceptions) none of them have diameter greater than 5.
TL;DR: In this article, the major sugars of fresh seeds of Castanea sativa were shown to be raffinose, stachyose and sucrose, and the enzyme activity was resolved into two peaks, a high MW form I (apparent MW215 000) and a low MW form II (Apparent MW 53 000).
TL;DR: The protonation of dienol complexes of rhodium and iridium has been investigated using 1 H NMR spectroscopy as discussed by the authors, showing that the proton adds to the carbon atom of the diene system adjacent to the alcohol function to yield η 3 -enyl derivatives.
TL;DR: In this article, a Pentadienyltricarbonylrhenium has been prepared by reacting 2,4-pentadienyiltributyltin with bromopentacarbonylarhenium in refluxing tetrahydrofuran.
TL;DR: A dominant contribution from the chemical shift anisotropy relaxation mechanism to spin-lattice relaxation in some dialkylthallium(III) derivatives is demonstrated by measurements at two different fields and is also reflected in nmr linewidths of coupled protons, hence suggesting a new and facile method for monitoring changes in 205 Tl T 1 values.
TL;DR: In this paper, Monte Carlo simulations of the average action per plaquette are calculated for four-dimensional SU(5) gauge theory on a 3 4 lattice, and evidence is found for a discontinuity in this order parameter which is a signal for a first-order phase transition.
TL;DR: The conformational energy map of the dipeptide containing the proline residue is reported in this article, where it is shown that the C 7, hydrogen bond, the polyproline helix and the 3 10 helix all occur in regions of low energy of the map.
Abstract: The conformational energy map of the dipeptide containing the proline residue is reported. It is shown that the C 7 , hydrogen bond, the polyproline helix and the 3 10 helix all occur in regions of low energy of the map. The problem of the conformation of the pyrrolidine ring is solved in an approximate manner. All possible C 10 hydrogen bonds are examined and the agreement between experiment and theory is generally good. The repulsions between non-bonded hydrogen atoms are examined. The population changes which accompany hydrogen bond formation are the same as those found in the earlier work.