Showing papers by "Rush University Medical Center published in 1974"

Hypertension and Risk of Stroke in an Elderly Population

Abstract: The contribution of hypertension to risk of all strokes and of nonembolic brain infarction in elderly black and white men and women is examined. The results of the Chicago Stroke Study show that hypertension is significantly associated with increased risk of nonembolic brain infarction, as well as all stroke, in this population of elderly black and white men and women. It is possible that 25% or more of the total incidence of stroke in persons 65 to 74 years of age may be attributable to hypertension.

On the synaptogenic sequence in the chick retina

Abstract: Study of the developing chick retina with the electron microscope revealed that dyad ribbon synapses begin to form in the inner plexiform layer before synaptic ribbons begin to appear in photoreceptor terminals of the outer plexiform layer. This centrifugal (inner to outer) sequence of synaptogenesis in the predominantly cone retina of the chick differs from the centripetal sequence that has been reported for the predominantly rod retinas of the mouse and rat. This difference does not favor the hypothesis, suggested by others, that the photo-receptor may influence the maturation of inner retinal elements. The different patterns of synaptogenesis are discussed briefly with reference to anatomical differences between the retinas of different species.

Rapid fractionation technique and re-treatment of cerebral metastases by irradiation.

Abstract: A total of 131 courses of treatment has been evaluated in 81 patients. Sixty-eight percent of the courses were given as a single dose of 1000 rads. The remainder were treated with a short course of less than 1 week. When symptoms recurred and patient status indicated the necessity, 35 patients were retreated for the second time, 12 for the third time, and 3 patients for a fourth course. Results were evaluated through survival and degree and duration of improvement.

CNS involvement in Ewing's sarcoma.

Abstract: Ewing's sarcoma is an unocommon malignant neoplasm of the bone. Metastatic CNS involvement in this disease has been only rarely mentioned. Out of 27 patients in this series, 15 patients had one or more neurologic symptoms. The most common neurologic symptom was headache, and the most common sign was papilledema. These patients should have an adequate minimal workup, perhaps only a brain scan, and should receive prompt radiotherapy to alleviate their symptomatology. Six out of 7 patients in this series who received palliative radiotherapy showed significant symptomatic relief. With present aggressive local radiotherapy to the primary disease, combined with the chemotherapy, the outlook has improved. With improves survival more patients will present with CNS metastatic disease. We concur with Johnson9 about prophylactic CNS treatment with radiation to supplement the chemotherapy. It is interesting to note that out of 6 patients who received total body irradiation, only on developed frontal headache as the only neurologic symptom.

Proteinase inhibitor activity in connective tissues.

Abstract: Extrakte verschiedener Bindegewebe wurden auf ihre Proteasehemmung hin elektrophoretisch untersucht. Alle Gewebe zeigten kationisch wandernde Aktivitat und ihre Anwesenheit im zellfreien Dentin lasst den Schluss zu, dass das Material extrazellular lokalisiert ist.

Couple corrosion among alloys for skeletal prostheses

Abstract: Using a metallographic technique to identify and count corrosion pits, the tendency for passive film breakdown has been studied under conditions that simulate a crevice and a combination of two different materials. Potential corrosion couples were formed among: 316L stainless steel, cast CoCrMo alloy, wrought CoCrWNi alloy, Ti–6% Al–4% V alloy, a CoNiCrMo (multiphase) alloy and graphite. Only 316L stainless steel seems significantly prone to pitting corrosion in a crevice condition. Dissimilar metals in the crevice configuration did not seem to accelerate the corrosion of stainless steel.

Multiple sebaceous gland tumors and internal carcinoma: Torre's syndrome.

Abstract: Multiple sebaceous adenomas of the skin are rare. A case is reported in association with an endometrial carcinoma metastatic to the lung in a 57‐year‐old Caucasion woman. This patient is alive and well 14 years post pneumonectomy. Two additional cases from the literature are summarized. The syndrome is designated Torre's and represents another instance of benign cutaneous tumors with internal malignancy. Of interest is the prolonged survival of these patients.

Cell-Cycle Dependent Appearance of Murine Leukemia-Sarcoma Virus Antigens

Abstract: Normal rat kidney (NRK) cells, NRK cells infected with Rauscher murine leukemia virus, and NRK cells infected with Kirsten murine sarcoma-leukemia virus (NRK-K) were synchronized by a double thymidine block. At intervals after release from thymidine blockage, the cells were examined for the presence of viral antigens in the cytoplasm and on the cell surface by immunofluorescent microscopy by using goat anti-Rauscher murine leukemia virus and goat anti-Moloney leukemia virus (Tween-ether disrupted) sera. Detection of viral antigens in the cytoplasm was periodic during the cell cycle. Antigens were detected first during the S phase, increased during the G2 phase, and disappeared during the M and G1 phases. A similar pattern of surface immunofluorescence was observed. Infectious virus was detected in culture fluids from synchronized cells during the M phase. Surface immunofluorescence was detected in NRK-K cells with anti-Rauscher murine leukemia virus and may represent the presence of group-specific antigens on the cell surface. Control, uninfected NRK cells, which did not normally fluoresce, showed weak immunofluorescence during the S and G2 phases after synchronization. Synchronization can be used to amplify latent oncornavirus expression.

Egg-white sensitivity and atopic eczema

Abstract: Thirty-four children with atopic eczema were studied for egg-white sensitivity. Clinical manifestations, skin reactivity to egg-white antigen, IgE, by radioimmunoassay (RIA), and specific reaginic IgE antibodies to egg white by the radioallergosorbent test (RAST) were evaluated. Patients were divided into two groups on the basis of clinical sensitivity to egg-white antigen. Of 13 eczematous patients in Group I with known clinical egg sensitivity, 2 had RAST levels between 0 and 24 per cent, 6 between 25 and 100 per cent, and 5 had levels greater than 100 per cent. In this group, 5 had positive prick skin tests to egg white. Of 21 eczematous patients in Group II with no demonstrated clinical egg sensitivity, 17 had RAST levels of 0 to 24 per cent, 3 had RAST levels between 25 and 100 per cent, and one had an RAST level greater than 100 per cent. In this group, 3 had positive prick tests to egg white. The egg-white RAST showed a significant correlation with clinical egg sensitivity (p = 0.0005) and with a prick skin test of the same antigen (p = 0.036) but not with total serum IgE levels. However, no correlation was found between clinical egg sensitivity and egg-white prick skin test.

A wear resistant material for total joint replacement--tissue biocompatibility of an ultra-high molecular weight (UHMW) polyethylene-graphite composite.

Abstract: A new prosthetic material, ultra-high molecular weight (UHMW) polyethylene graphite, was developed for use in total joint replacement and found to exhibit 1/7–1/30 lower wear rate than UHMW polyethylene bearing against Vitallium alloy. A preliminary study was undertaken to test the biocompatibility of the new material. Specimens of 316L stainless steel, high-purity graphite, UHMW polyethylene, and the composite material were implanted in rabbits and cynomologous monkeys. The materials were evaluated in both solid and particulate forms after implantation in bone, joint cavities, and paravertebral muscles. The tissue reactions to the materials were noted at time intervals from 6 weeks to 1 year. All materials showed good tissue acceptance in solid form. The UHMW polyethylene and the composite material were noted to be more reactive than either the high-purity graphite alone or the stainless steel when in particulate form. The eventual use of the polyethylene graphite composite in total hip arthroplasties is suggested by virtue of its identical biocompatibility with UHMW polyethylene. In addition, its superior wear resistance, and hence low volume of wear debris particles presented to the surrounding tissues would offer an advantage in terms of longevity of the implant both mechanically and biologically.

RNA Polymerase in Mumps Virion

Abstract: Mumps virions of the Enders' strain were examined for polymerase activity in vitro. An RNA-dependent RNA polymerase was found to be associated with the virion. The general properties of the reaction appear to be similar to those described for other paramyxoviruses.

Roentgenographic signs of tumors of the greater omentum.

Abstract: Analysis of two new cases and a review of the literature suggest that primary tumors of the greater omentum are distinguishable by upward and posterior displacement of the stomach, and downward and anterior displacement of the transverse colon by an extrinsic mass around which loops of small bowel are usually displaced. Clinical findings and operative management are discussed. Cancer 33:1526–1530, 1974.

Microchemical studies of acid glycosaminoglycans from isolated chondrocytes in suspension.

Abstract: Acid glycosaminoglycans were studied from isolated chondrocytes in suspension and the extracellular matrix obtained by sequential trypsin and collagenase treatment of 15- to 17-day-old embryonic chick bone. After papain digestion and removal of the nucleic acids by treatment with DNAse and RNAse, the glycosaminoglycans were precipitated by CPC and isolated as their sodium salt. Analyses of the CP-glycosaminoglycan solubility properties with the microfractionation procedure of Antonopouloset al. (1964) showed intracellular glycosaminoglycans of predominantly lower molecular weight and/or charge density than those of extracellular matrix. On micro-zone electrophoresis, only a minor part of the isolated intracellular glycosaminoglycans showed a mobility similar to that of the chondroitin sulphate standards while the major part moved only half the distance of hyaluronic acid and showed broad tailing, indicating a low negative charge. This was considered to be due to loss of a regulatory influence of the removed matrix components upon glycosaminoglycan synthesis and to release of originally synthesized glycosaminoglycans into the medium. For the first time, a small amount of intracellular hyaluronic acid was shown by typical electrophoretic mobility.

Fine structure of human cervical intraepithelial neoplasia in vivo and in vitro.

Abstract: The fine structure of normal cervical squamous cells and cells of cervical intraepithelial neoplasia (CIN) from both biopsies and tissue culture was studied. The cultured CIN cells were found to retain their epithelial characteristics even after subculturing and to resemble in most aspects their in vivo counterparts; they were found to differ markedly from cultured normal squamous cells. It was not possible to distinguish “dysplasia” from “carcinoma‐in‐situ” at the ultrastructural level in either biopsies or cultured cells. This lends support to the concept that the two are part of a continuum, not separate entities. It would appear that cultures of normal cervical squamous cells and CIN cells may be useful for further study of the biology of cervical neoplasia.

Selective histochemical staining of cartilage matrix by RivanolR

Abstract: RivanolR, a fluorescent ethoxy derivative of acridine, interacts at different pH's with both glycosaminoglycans and proteins. The present study utilizes the specific interaction of RivanolR with acidic substances of the ground substance for histochemical studies of the cartilage matrix. This stain was applied to newborn mouse epiphyseal cartilages which were either unextracted or dissociatively extracted by graded concentrations of guanidinium chloride (GuHCl) from 0.5–3.0 M for four days at 25°C. Routinely prepared sections were then stained (0.1% solution) for two minutes at pH's ranging from 2.2–11.2. Stainability of the interterritorial matrix as well as the inner halo zone and outer corona zone of the lacunar matrix varied with pH. Whereas the interterritorial matrix decreased in stainability with rising pH, the halo and corona persisted in stainability up to pH 10.7. Dissociative extractions using GuHCl revealed the unextractable nature of the inner halo zone as well as the extractable nature of the corona above 1.0 M GuHCl concentration. Anionic sites on polyelectrolytes such as glycosaminoglycans are known to stoichiometrically bind many cationic dyes. The precise localization of stain-reactive glycosaminoglycans or proteoglycans in the region of the perichondrocytic matrix by RivanolR supports prior observations using other cationic stains. Our data demonstrates that RivanolR enables one to visualize the unique perichondrocytic matrix which may be interpreted to be both chemically and morphologically a “matrix within a matrix”.

Comparative study of several proteins of the transferrin class.

Abstract: 1. 1. Human, baboon and bovine serum transferrins, hen's egg conalbumin, and human milk lactotransferrin were treated with cyanogen bromide, and proteins thus fragmented were subjected to N-terminal group analysis and polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis containing mercaptoethanol, urea and sodium dodecyl sulfate. 2. 2. The human and baboon transferrins were each split into six fragments, bovine transferrin gave 7 to 8 fragments, conalbumin gave eight fragments, and lactotransferrin was split into only five fragments. 3. 3. The fragments obtained from human, baboon and bovine transferrins had similar molecular weights, ranging from 28,000 to 9000, whereas lactotransferrin was different in that its two major fragments had molecular weights of 45,000 and 9000. 4. 4. It was concluded that the transferrins studied, other than lactotransferrin, probably do not contain sections of identical structure, and that lactotransferrin may represent a useful model for the study of the origin of the transferrins.