Rush University Medical Center

About: Rush University Medical Center is a healthcare organization based out in Chicago, Illinois, United States. It is known for research contribution in the topics: Population & Dementia. The organization has 13915 authors who have published 29027 publications receiving 1379216 citations. The organization is also known as: Rush Presbyterian St. Luke's Medical Center.

Intestinal fungi contribute to development of alcoholic liver disease

Abstract: Chronic liver disease with cirrhosis is the 12th leading cause of death in the United States, and alcoholic liver disease accounts for approximately half of all cirrhosis deaths Chronic alcohol consumption is associated with intestinal bacterial dysbiosis, yet we understand little about the contribution of intestinal fungi, or mycobiota, to alcoholic liver disease Here we have demonstrated that chronic alcohol administration increases mycobiota populations and translocation of fungal β-glucan into systemic circulation in mice Treating mice with antifungal agents reduced intestinal fungal overgrowth, decreased β-glucan translocation, and ameliorated ethanol-induced liver disease Using bone marrow chimeric mice, we found that β-glucan induces liver inflammation via the C-type lectin-like receptor CLEC7A on Kupffer cells and possibly other bone marrow-derived cells Subsequent increases in IL-1β expression and secretion contributed to hepatocyte damage and promoted development of ethanol-induced liver disease We observed that alcohol-dependent patients displayed reduced intestinal fungal diversity and Candida overgrowth Compared with healthy individuals and patients with non-alcohol-related cirrhosis, alcoholic cirrhosis patients had increased systemic exposure and immune response to mycobiota Moreover, the levels of extraintestinal exposure and immune response correlated with mortality Thus, chronic alcohol consumption is associated with an altered mycobiota and translocation of fungal products Manipulating the intestinal mycobiome might be an effective strategy for attenuating alcohol-related liver disease

The Anti-inflammatory and Matrix Restorative Mechanisms of Platelet-Rich Plasma in Osteoarthritis

Abstract: Background:Intra-articular (IA) treatment with platelet-rich plasma (PRP) for osteoarthritis (OA) results in improved patient-reported pain and function scores.Purpose:To measure the effects of PRP and high molecular weight hyaluronan (HA) on the expression of anabolic and catabolic genes and on the secretion of nociceptive and inflammatory mediators from OA cartilage and synoviocytes.Study Design:Controlled laboratory study.Methods:Synovium and cartilage harvested from patients undergoing total knee arthroplasty were co-cultured with media of PRP or HA. Tumor necrosis factor–α (TNF-α), interleukin-6 (IL-6), and IL-1β were measured in the media by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. Hyaluronan synthase–2 (HAS-2), matrix metalloproteinase–1 (MMP-1), MMP-13, and TNF-α genes were measured in synoviocytes by reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR). Collagen type I α1 (COL1A1), COL2A1, aggrecan (ACAN), and MMP-13 gene expression were measured in cartilage by quantitative RT-PCR.Results:Media TN...

International consensus statement on allergy and rhinology: rhinosinusitis 2021

Abstract: I. Executive summary BACKGROUND: The 5 years since the publication of the first International Consensus Statement on Allergy and Rhinology: Rhinosinusitis (ICAR-RS) has witnessed foundational progress in our understanding and treatment of rhinologic disease. These advances are reflected within the more than 40 new topics covered within the ICAR-RS-2021 as well as updates to the original 140 topics. This executive summary consolidates the evidence-based findings of the document. Methods ICAR-RS presents over 180 topics in the forms of evidence-based reviews with recommendations (EBRRs), evidence-based reviews, and literature reviews. The highest grade structured recommendations of the EBRR sections are summarized in this executive summary. Results ICAR-RS-2021 covers 22 topics regarding the medical management of RS, which are grade A/B and are presented in the executive summary. Additionally, 4 topics regarding the surgical management of RS are grade A/B and are presented in the executive summary. Finally, a comprehensive evidence-based management algorithm is provided. Conclusion This ICAR-RS-2021 executive summary provides a compilation of the evidence-based recommendations for medical and surgical treatment of the most common forms of RS.

First Identification of Pseudomonas aeruginosa Isolates Producing a KPC-Type Carbapenem-Hydrolyzing β-Lactamase

Abstract: In Medellin, Colombia, three Pseudomonas aeruginosa isolates with high-level carbapenem resistance (MIC ≥ 256 μg/ml) and an isolate of Citrobacter freundii with reduced susceptibility to imipenem produced the plasmid-mediated class A carbapenemase KPC-2. This is the first report of a KPC-type β-lactamase identified outside of the family Enterobacteriaceae.

Association of muscle strength with the risk of Alzheimer disease and the rate of cognitive decline in community-dwelling older persons.

Abstract: Background: Loss of muscle strength is common and is associated with various adverse health outcomes in old age, but few studies have examined the association of muscle strength with the risk of Alzheimer disease (AD) or mild cognitive impairment (MCI). Objective: To test the hypothesis that muscle strength is associated with incident AD and MCI. Design: Prospective observational cohort study. Setting: Retirement communities across the Chicago, Illinois, metropolitan area. Participants: More than 900 community-based older persons without dementia at the baseline evaluation and in whom strength was measured in 9 muscle groups in arms and legs, and in the axial muscles and summarized into a composite measure of muscle strength. Main Outcome Measures: Incident AD and MCI and the rate of change in global cognitive function. Results: During a mean follow-up of 3.6 years, 138 persons developed AD. In a proportional hazards model adjusted for age, sex, and education status, each 1-U increase in muscle strength at baseline was associated with about a 43% decrease in the risk of AD (hazard ratio, 0.57; 95% confidence interval, 0.41-0.79). The association of muscle strength with AD persisted after adjustment for several covariates, including body mass index, physical activity, pulmonary function, vascular risk factors, vascular diseases, and apolipoprotein E4 status. In a mixedeffects model adjusted for age, sex, education status, and baseline level of global cognition, increased muscle strength was associated with a slower rate of decline in global cognitive function (P.001). Muscle strength was associated with a decreased risk of MCI, the precursor to AD (hazard ratio, 0.67; 95% confidence interval, 0.540.84).