Showing papers by "Russian Ministry of the Emergency Situations published in 2017"
TL;DR: In this paper, chemical sensors for determining lead in aqueous solutions are developed based on hydrochemically deposited lead sulfide (PbS) films; their composition and surface morphology are studied.
Abstract: Chemical sensors for determining lead in aqueous solutions are developed based on hydrochemically deposited lead sulfide (PbS) films; their composition and surface morphology are studied. The sensors are sensitive to lead to 31.5–32.5 mV/pc
Pb with the limit of detection of the metal 1.5 × 10–8 M. The role of photoactivation and doping of films in increasing the sensitivity of the film sensor to lead is determined. The studied chemical sensors can be relatively easily regenerated by soaking in distilled water for 10–30 min; they have sufficiently high selectivity to lead in the presence of sodium, nickel, zinc, and cadmium salts in solution.
16 citations
TL;DR: In this paper, tin(II) sulfide layers are formed from spherical nanocrystallites of 20-40 nm size and X-ray diffraction analysis shows that they crystallize in the orthorhombic system with the unit cell parameters a = 4.276, b = 11.243, and c = 3.986 A.
Abstract: Nanocrystalline tin(II) sulfide layers 100–650 nm thick were prepared by hydrochemical deposition on glass–ceramic supports from a citrate system at 323−343 K using thioacetamide as chalcogenizing agent. These films are of interest for the development of thin-film solar radiation converters based on the multicomponent compound Cu2ZnSnS4 of kesterite structure, prepared using a cost-saving process. Examination by scanning electron microscopy shows that tin(II) sulfide layers are formed from spherical nanocrystallites of 20–40 nm size. X-ray diffraction analysis shows that they crystallize in the orthorhombic system with the unit cell parameters a = 4.276, b = 11.243, and c = 3.986 A. Analysis by X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy revealed the presence of up to 44.86 at. % oxygen in the surface layer of the film. This oxygen is mainly present in surface contaminants and is also incorporated in SnO present on the surface.
6 citations
TL;DR: Repeated injections of acyzol significantly increased zinc level in rat plasma and brain, and this elevation was most pronounced in the forebrain (cortex and subcortical structures).
Abstract: Zinc level in the blood plasma and brain of rats was studied by inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry. Maximum amount of zinc was observed in the cerebellum (15.0±5.5 μg/mg wet tissue). Single intraperitoneal administration of a zinc donor acyzol (24 mg/kg) did not change the content of this element in the tissues. Repeated injections of acyzol (7 injections over 14 days) significantly increased zinc level in rat plasma and brain. This elevation was most pronounced in the forebrain (cortex and subcortical structures). The rise in zinc concentration in blood plasma correlated with its level in the brain.
6 citations
TL;DR: A 7-day course with polychromatic light prevented the development of immunosupression in the BC patients at the early post-mastectomy period.
Abstract: To this day, two methods of phototherapy (PT) have been successfully used in post-surgical immunorehabilitation of patients with breast cancer (BC): intravenous laser irradiation of the patients' blood and reinfusion of lympholeukosuspension of BC patients after single irradiation with HeNe laser. The objective of this pilot experimental study was to verify the effectiveness of the percutaneous use of polychromatic visible light combined with polychromatic infrared (pVIS+pIR) radiation similar to the major components of natural solar spectrum in post-surgical management of BC patients. Patients with BC (adenocarcinoma) of I-II stages, n=19 who had undergone mastectomy, were divided into 2 groups. The control group of patients (n=8) underwent a conventional course of post-surgical rehabilitation and sham irradiation. Patients of the PT group (n=11) additionally received 7days of daily treatment with polychromatic light on the sacral area, D=15cm. The PT course began on the day after mastectomy (Bioptron-2 device; Switzerland, 480-3400nm, 95% polarization, 40mW/cm2, 24J/cm2). Mastectomy produced many changes in cellular and humoral immunity, which was recorded on the 1st and 8th post-surgical days. The PT course resulted in a faster normalization of post-surgical leukocytosis and activation of cytotoxic CD8+ T-lymphocytes (Lym), reduced the elevated concentration in blood of immune complexes and in parallel promoted cytotoxic activity of CD16+/CD56+ NK-cells. The PT up-regulated the number of NK-cells in patients with its decrease on the 1st post-surgical day and prevented the decrease in the amount of monocytes, CD19+ B-Lym, CD3+ T-Lym, CD4+ T-helpers, activated CD3+/HLADR+ T-Lym, and the decrease of the phagocytotic capability of neutrophils. PT blocked the down-regulation of the IgM, IgA concentration and abnormally sharp increase of the proinflammatory cytokine IFN-γ content. Therefore, a 7-day course with polychromatic light prevented the development of immunosupression in the BC patients at the early post-mastectomy period.
5 citations
TL;DR: In this article, the effects of quantum deviation of a two-level atom at coherent scattering on an inhomogeneous optical potential created by crossed electromagnetic fields are considered, where the region of interaction is formed by a lowfrequency quantized standing wave from a micromaser and a coherent traveling optical wave generated by an optical fiber located inside a cavity.
Abstract: Effects of quantum deviation of a two-level atom at coherent scattering on an inhomogeneous optical potential created by crossed electromagnetic fields are considered. The region of interaction is formed by a lowfrequency quantized standing wave from a micromaser and a coherent traveling optical wave generated by an optical fiber located inside a cavity. The atom interacts with both fields under the conditions of two-photon two-wave resonance. It is shown that two effects of quantum deviation of translational motion of the atom can be observed. Interaction with the standing wave is caused under these conditions by a harmonic potential the character of scattering of the atom on which depends significantly on the initial conditions of preparation of the atom and quantized mode. The other effect—deviation of the atom by the classical traveling wave—is also completely quantum mechanical under these conditions and is produced by the noncommutative contribution of the kinetic energy operator of the atom and the interaction energy.
4 citations
TL;DR: In this paper, the thermophysical properties of 45% Pb and 55% Bi alloy were studied using thermodynamic simulation, including vapor pressure, partial pressures of the components of vapor, heat capacity, entropy, enthalpy, and thermal conductivity of an alloy depending on temperature.
Abstract: The thermophysical properties of 45% Pb‒55% Bi alloy were studied using thermodynamic simulation. Vapor pressure, partial pressures of the components of vapor, heat capacity, entropy, enthalpy, and the thermal conductivity of an alloy depending on temperature were determined. A comparison of the results from published data was made.
4 citations
TL;DR: In this paper, the inclusion complex of 4-acetoxy-1-(2-ethoxyethyl)-4-phenylpiperidine with β-cyclodextrin was synthesized.
Abstract: Inclusion complex of 4-acetoxy-1-(2-ethoxyethyl)-4-phenylpiperidine with β-cyclodextrin was synthesized. Composition (1:2) and the structure of the complex were confirmed by NMR spectroscopy and thermal analysis. The results of pharmacological studies showed that the compound is of interest for in-depth testing, because of its deeper and more prolonged conduction anaesthesia, terminal (superficial) and infiltration anaesthesia along with less acute toxicity compared to the reference preparations.
3 citations
20 Jan 2017
TL;DR: In this article, the authors discuss the construction and mathematical basis of a programmable system for psychophysiological studies suitable for investigations in medicine and psychology to address the prognostication and diagnosis of the early stages of socially important diseases and to increase the reliability of man−machine systems.
Abstract: This article discusses the construction and mathematical basis of a programmable system for psychophysiological studies suitable for investigations in medicine and psychology to address the prognostication and diagnosis of the early stages of socially important diseases and to increase the reliability of man−machine systems, for professional selection, assessment of the level of sportsman training, etc.
3 citations
TL;DR: In this paper, the authors present the technique of assessing the maximum allowable (standard) discharge of waste waters with several harmful substances into a water reservoir, which makes it possible to take into account the summation of their effect provided that the limiting harmful indices are the same.
Abstract: This article presents the technique of assessing the maximum allowable (standard) discharge of waste waters with several harmful substances into a water reservoir. The technique makes it possible to take into account the summation of their effect provided that the limiting harmful indices are the same. The expressions for the determination of the discharge limit of waste waters have been derived from the conditions of admissibility of the effect of several harmful substances on the waters of a reservoir. Mathematical conditions of admissibility of the effect of wastewaters on a reservoir are given for the characteristic combinations of limiting harmful indices and hazard classes of several substances. The conditions of admissibility of effects are presented in the form of logical products of the sums of relative concentrations that should not exceed the value of 1. It is shown that the calculation of the process of wastewater dilution in a flowing water reservoir is possible only on the basis of a numerical method to assess the wastewater discharge limit. An example of the numerical calculation of the standard limit of industrial enterprise wastewater discharges that contain polysulfide oil, flocculant VPK-101, and fungicide captan is given to test this method. In addition to these three harmful substances, the water reservoir also contained a fourth substance, namely, Zellek-Super herbicide, above the waste discharge point. The summation of the harmful effect was taken into account for VPK-101, captan, and Zellek-Super. The reliability of the technique was tested by the calculation of concentrations of the four substances in the control point of the flowing reservoir during the estimated maximum allowable wastewater discharge. It is shown that the value of the maximum allowable discharge limit was almost two times higher for the example under consideration, taking into account that the effect of harmful substances was unidirectional, which provides a higher level of environmental safety for them.
2 citations
TL;DR: In this paper, a massive slot chill mold was used to prepare two series of specimens of alloys of the Al-Cu system, containing from 10 to 32.2 at% Cu.
Abstract: Centrifugal casting into a massive slot chill mold was used to prepare two series of specimens of alloys of the Al – Cu system, containing from 10 to 32.2 at.% Cu. The first series was fabricated without a homogenizing heat treatment of the melt, while the second series was fabricated with heating of the melt to 1400°C. Both kinds of specimens were cast at the same temperature in order to provide for the same cooling rate of about 104 K/sec. The structures, phase compositions and microhardnesses of the structural components are compared. It is established that the homogenizing heat treatment changes the kinetics of crystallization and, hence, the proportion of phases in the alloy structure and the copper content in them.
2 citations
TL;DR: In this article, the effect morphological features of core CdS films chemically precipitated from citrate, ethylenediamine, and citrate-ammonia reaction systems have on the intensity of heterogenic ion exchange substitution when they come into contact with an aqueous lead salt solution are given.
Abstract: Comparative data on the effect morphological features of core CdS films chemically precipitated from citrate, ethylenediamine, and citrate–ammonia reaction systems have on the intensity of heterogenic ion-exchange substitution when they come into contact with an aqueous lead salt solution are given. The key role of the initial adsorption stage in this process is revealed. Based on an analysis of the kinetic curves of lead accumulation in the initial film surface, it is shown that CdS layers that are obtained from a citrate–ammonia system and have the maximum specific surface (154.4 ± 0.2 m2/g) yield higher values (0.020 s–1) of kinetic constant W
1 of the ion-exchange substitution rate.
TL;DR: In this article, the inheritance of bimetallic rolled product of dendrite inhomogeneity of the cast structure of two-phase austenite-ferrite steel applied in the form of a cladding layer on a base of low-alloy steel is revealed.
Abstract: Features are revealed for the inheritance of bimetallic rolled product of dendrite inhomogeneity of the cast structure of two-phase austenite-ferrite steel applied in the form of a cladding layer on a base of low-alloy steel It is shown that the banded and fiber structure of a cladding layer on rolled product is the result of retention of chemical liquation and rebuilding of the surfacing dendritic structure Results are given for quantitative analysis of specimen fractures tested in static tension in the form of two parameters, ie, work for plastic deformation localization and specific area of a fracture surface characterizing the energy content of failure Areas of the surface of all fractures having a complex configuration are determined with considerable accuracy due to the original procedure of digital measurement of a three-dimensional failure surface from results of photogrammetric exposure on a meso-macro-scale followed by recreation of a complete three-dimensional model of the relief Quantitative properties of fractures are supplemented by the strength and ductility indices of bimetallic rolled product, which makes it possible to substantiate the optimum version of final heat treatment and material use taking account of carbon content in the main layer
TL;DR: In this article, an ecologically clean process was developed for electrochemical processing of technogenic lead-containing raw material in molten electrolyte consisting of 60−95% NaOH and 5−40% Na2CO3.
Abstract: Electrochemical preparation of lead from lead-containing waste in molten alkali-carbonate is described. The dust studied forms during shaft smelting of lead battery scrap being a technogenic resource with a high lead content. An ecologically clean process is developed for electrochemical processing of technogenic lead-containing raw material in molten electrolyte consisting of 60–95% NaOH and 5–40% Na2CO3. A large laboratory electrolyzer is constructed and prepared and tested with a current strength of 200–600 A. The use of plant shaft furnace dust from lead battery treatment makes it possible to obtain molten lead at a cathode and oxygen at an anode. There is no rapid evaporation of lead metal, lead compounds, and molten alkali-carbonate with an electrolysis temperature of 490–550°C.
TL;DR: In this article, the longitudinal dielectric, piezoelectric and elastic properties of ferroelectric RbH2PO4 and antiferroelectric NH4H 2PO4 crystals are calculated in terms of the modified model of proton ordering with allowance for the piezer coupling in an approximation of a fourparticle cluster.
Abstract: The longitudinal dielectric, piezoelectric, and elastic characteristics of ferroelectric RbH2PO4 and antiferroelectric NH4H2PO4 crystals are calculated in terms of the modified model of proton ordering with allowance for the piezoelectric coupling in an approximation of a four-particle cluster. The results obtained agree well with known experimental data. Along with this, the electromechanical properties of a Rb0.2(NH4)0.8H2PO4 single crystal undergoing an antiferroelectric phase transition have been studied experimentally over a wide temperature range. The model predictions and the experimental data agree qualitatively.
TL;DR: An intelligent computerized system, which is able to instantly focus on the specific developing situation while considering all prior history, and produce a model and a prognosis is proposed.
TL;DR: In this article, the authors studied the behavior of flame propagation in a closed tube over mixtures of chloromethane and chlorine of different compositions following ignition by continuous UV radiation and found that the rate of combustion in all mixtures except limiting ones grows along with the propagation of the flame front up to its maximum values at nearly 1/3 the tube length and then slows.
Abstract: Flame propagation in a closed tube over mixtures of chloromethane and chlorine of different compositions following ignition by continuous UV radiation is studied. It is found that the rate of combustion in all mixtures except limiting ones grows along with the propagation of the flame front up to its maximum values at nearly 1/3 the tube length and then slows. In limiting mixtures, the speed’s behavior is completely different. It is greatest near the source of UV light and gradually slows with distance from the source. The high speed in the initial section is due to the effect of UV light. The temperature of combustion is lowest in limiting mixtures, and the rate of chlorine molecule photodissociation at this temperature is comparable to and even faster than that of their thermal dissociation. The light in these mixtures thus contributes substantially to the initiation of the chemical reaction. It is concluded that when limiting mixtures are ignited by UV pulses, the speed of flame propagation falls markedly as it proceeds without the influence of radiation, and the character of changes in the speed’s behavior becomes identical to those for other mixtures.