Russian Ministry of the Emergency Situations

About: Russian Ministry of the Emergency Situations is a government organization based out in Moscow, Russia. It is known for research contribution in the topics: Combustion & Liquid crystal. The organization has 218 authors who have published 172 publications receiving 453 citations. The organization is also known as: Ministry of the Russian Federation for Civil Defence, Emergencies and Elimination of Consequences of Natural Disasters.

On some regularities in single-channel unclosed systems with two-phase service

Abstract: For single-channel unclosed queueing systems with two-phase service, the probabilities of states and main characteristics were expressed analytically. Different and same durations of service phases were considered.

Mathematical and Computer Modeling of Active Movement of People During Evacuation from Buildings

Abstract: One of the forms of protecting the population from emergencies is the controlled evacuation of people from buildings for the required time, calculated on the basis of their design and planning decisions. For this purpose, scientifically sound plans for evacuation of people are developed, the main component of which are the programs of modeling of human flows, which adequately reflect the real processes of movement of people. In this work, it is proposed to take into account the natural deformation of the human body by rotating parts of its body (eg, the shoulder) when modeling flow motion. For this purpose, it is proposed to present the projection of a human body of a set of three ellipses: the main with the possibility of its rotation in the framework of maneuverability with respect to the basic direction of movement, and two ellipses, given by the half-axis’s, which are equal to half the length and thickness of the shoulder with the possibility of their rotation. in a given range of angles in the horizontal plane relative to the raised arm of the person. Such a problem arises with the active movement of people in the flow of high density, when the category of movement changes from free to compressed. The paper formalizes the constraints, builds a mathematical model of the active movement of people in the flow, provides examples of computer simulation of the movement of people, which represented by a three-component models.

Kinetics of the Oxidative Degradation of KU-2×8 Cation-Exchange Resin Using Hydrogen Peroxide

Abstract: Kinetics of the oxidative degradation of universal strongly acidic cation-exchange resin KU-2×8 is studied using hydrogen peroxide. The effect the nature and concentration of catalytic additives in the form of copper(II) and iron(II) salts have on the oxidation process is determined. It is found that in noncatalytic degradation, the effective rate constant rises from 0.24 × 10−3 to 7.54 × 10−3 g1/3 min−1 upon an increase in temperature in the range of 348–368 K. The activation energies of the noncatalytic oxidation of the cation-exchange resin with hydrogen peroxide are characteristic of a process that occurs in the kinetic region and total 132.46–141.96 kJ/mol. It is shown that introducing catalytic additives helps lower Ea of the process to 40.90 kJ/mol and the temperature of degradation by 15–25 K. The pattern of change in the surface morphology of the cation-exchange resin granules during oxidative decomposition is revealed. The approximate composition of the products of cation-exchange resin decomposition is identified via gas chromatography–mass spectrometry.

Relaxation, Thermal, and Interphase Effects in Polymer–Ferroelectric-Piezoelectric Ceramic Composites of Different Structures

Abstract: The relaxation and thermal processes and interphase phenomena in composites based on ferroelectrics and a polymer matrix are studied. It is shown that the charge stabilized at the interface of the composite during its electrothermopolarization is mainly determined by the structure of the polymer matrix and the piezoelectric phase. The results obtained make it possible to reveal the main factors affecting the piezoelectric properties of the heterogeneous polymer–ferroelectric ceramic system. Polyolefins and fluorine-containing polar polymers are used as the organic phase, and ferroelectric ceramics of rhombohedral, tetragonal, and mixed structures serve as the inorganic phase. The relaxation processes and interphase phenomena are studied using a differential scanning calorimeter, and the charge state is analyzed by recording the thermally stimulated depolarization current. The charge-state stability is determined by the electret potential difference of the composites. The molecular relaxation is analyzed by the dielectric method. It is established that the composites in which the interphase interaction is more pronounced are characterized by high piezoelectric properties.

Control System for the Process of Storing Liquefied Petroleum Gas in an Isothermal Tank Within the Range of Fireproof and Explosionproof Operating Parameters

Abstract: The technology of isothermal storage of liquefied hydrocarbon gas (LPG) is proposed, which provides automatic control of the processes of steam condensation in an isothermal tank and regasification of LPG using a steam compression heat pump. The specified storage temperature of LPG is stabilized in the evaporator of the pump, and regasification of LPG with subsequent supply of the gaseous phase to the consumer is implemented in the condenser. The proposed technology allows to ensure accuracy and reliability of process control by reducing the spread of controlled parameters, ensuring their variation in a specified range. This is a significant reserve for intensification of thermal processes with a reduction of fire risk value and improvement of environmental safety, including due to the use of a harmless, noncombustible, explosionproof coolant. The optimal conditions are provided for storage and discharge of gas in large capacity tanks with minimum energy costs.