Russian Ministry of the Emergency Situations

About: Russian Ministry of the Emergency Situations is a government organization based out in Moscow, Russia. It is known for research contribution in the topics: Combustion & Liquid crystal. The organization has 218 authors who have published 172 publications receiving 453 citations. The organization is also known as: Ministry of the Russian Federation for Civil Defence, Emergencies and Elimination of Consequences of Natural Disasters.

Kinematic characteristics of two-phase flows in waterjet cutting

Abstract: Introduction. In waterjet cutting, a two-phase flow consisting of water and abrasive solid particles moves at a high average speed. Destruction of hard materials and alloys requires a large force and, therefore, a high flow rate. Such flows differ utterly from natural and well-studied flows in hydraulic transport and hydroprocessing. Determination of kinematic characteristics in the waterjet cutting is an independent task. Materials and methods. The results of field studies to determine the essential kinematic characteristics of the two-phase flow are presented. The conditions of transporting the solid particles, the efficiency of their application in cutting as well as the assessment of energy losses. The revelation of features of the two-phase flows and differences from water flows is a part of engineering calculations aimed at the effectiveness of their use in various fields of activity, including firefighting. Results. The calculations of the two-phase flow heterogranularity, the weighted average density of the particles constituting the solid phase, the flow volume density, and actual flow density were carried out. Calculations of the two-phase flow density were performed by а volume-weight method and by integrating the solid particle density distribution in depth. Conclusions. The paper showed that in waterjet cutting the actual density exceeds the flow volume density by 8.5 % what is lower than the values recommended for hydraulic transport. All the engineering calculations must be conducted using the values of the actual flow density. The kinematic characteristics obtained in this work are the basis for the calculation of additional head losses per 1 meter of a firefighting unit hose during transportation.

Density Functional Theory Calculations of the Lowest Excited Triplet State of the Closest Analogs of Chlorophyll and Bacteriochlorophyll

Abstract: Density functional theory PBE/TZVP calculations of the geometric structures in the ground singlet state S0 and the first excited triplet state T1 were carried out for Mg pheophorbide a (MgPhe) (i.e., chlorophyll a devoid of the phytol "tail"), Mg bacteriopheophorbide a (MgBPhe), Mg chlorin (MgC), and Mg bacteriochlorin (MgBC). A comparison of the bond lengths for the pairs MgC–MgPhe and MgBC–MgBPhe found that the central macrocycle of the first pair is more unstable to splittings of equivalent bond lengths as a result of the S0 → T1 transition and as the molecular structure becomes more complex (mainly due to cyclopentanone ring V formation). The symmetry of MgC in the T1 state is lowered as compared to the C2v symmetry in the S0 state while MgBC has D2h symmetry in both states. These peculiarities are related to the central π-system of the MgC–MgPhe pair being antiaromatic (containing 24 electrons corresponding to the Huckel 4n rule) and the central π-system of the MgBC–MgBPhe pair being aromatic (containing 22 electrons corresponding to the Huckel 4n + 2 rule). The energies of the T1 states of the studied molecules are calculated. The computed $$ {E}_{T_1} $$ values for MgPhe are 11,400, 10,850, and 10,200 cm–1 for the vertical S0 → T1 transition taking into account optimization of the geometry in the T1 state and changes of the zero-point vibrations at the S0 → T1 transition, respectively, and agree well with the experimental value of 10,310 cm–1 (for chlorophyll a). The computed $$ {E}_{T_1} $$ values for MgBPhe are 8350, 8100, and 7700 cm–1 while the experimental value is 8190 cm–1 (for bacteriochlorophyll a).

Механизмы формирования паттернов подавления биоэлектрической активности головного мозга при депримирующем действии нейротоксикантов

Abstract: The aim of the stady wos to investigate the mechanisms of suppression of cerebral bioelectrical activity under adverse effects caused by neurotoxicants using inhalation anesthesia with sevoflurane. The research included 19 cases (male/female 12/7, aged 19—55, BMIs under 35) with intracerebral tumors. Patients were under medical observation and neurosurgical treatment. Invasive procedures were carried out under sevoflurane-based general anesthesia with a dose of anesthetic varying from 0,8 to 1,3 MAC (minimum alveolar concentration). Technologically advanced neurosurgical procedures involved neurophysiological polymodal monitoring, which included EEG and ECoG testing. Probit analysis results showed that, with cerebral cortex bioelectrical activity suppression index equal to 32±8%, nearly half the cases displayed a formation of an «outburst-suppression» type of pattern on the scalp EEG. The condition for half the cases displaying a formation of this type of periodic pattern is the suppression index equaling 58±7% on ECoG. Space-and-time evolution of suppression patterns, formed on the cerebral cortex, is the main reason for persistence of uninterrupted activity on EEG. The obtained results allow to further define principles of neurodynamics, which apply to acute intoxication with neurotoxicants. With regard to relative similarity of intoxication-induced coma cases, registration of periodic EEG patterns even with a low suppression index indicates a more severe form of cerebral insufficiency.

Digital multi-agent system for simulating natural fire fighting processes

Abstract: A system for modeling and supporting decision-making on the use of forces and means to eliminate wildfires, based on a digital model, implemented in the software "Taiga-Analyst", is proposed. The system works on the basis of agent-based simulation and allows you to select forces and means to fight a fire, simulate its propagation and elimination with reference to a digital terrain map using a geographic information system. The possibilities and scope of the "Taiga-Analyst" system are described. A decision-making scheme for fighting natural fires is shown, and the use of the system in the process of training fire safety specialists is described.