Russian Ministry of the Emergency Situations

About: Russian Ministry of the Emergency Situations is a government organization based out in Moscow, Russia. It is known for research contribution in the topics: Combustion & Liquid crystal. The organization has 218 authors who have published 172 publications receiving 453 citations. The organization is also known as: Ministry of the Russian Federation for Civil Defence, Emergencies and Elimination of Consequences of Natural Disasters.

Detection and location of places of spontaneous combustion of coal in mines due to gas anomalies on the earth's surface

Abstract: The effectiveness of localization and extinguishing of places of underground fires that occur in mine worked out spaces depends on information about the location of a place of spontaneous combustion. Existing methods to detect the processes of coal spontaneous combustion in mines include monitoring the content of gases in mine atmosphere, released during the spontaneous combustion of coal. However, this control method does not allow determining the location of a place of combustion, since the paths of gas movement in the worked out space are unknown. The surface gas survey allows to determine the location of the underground fire. The calculations showed that gases, generated in the fire seat, spread to the earth’s surface due to molecular diffusion, the thermal depression developed by the fire seat and the drops of air pressure created by the ventilation fans. The dependences of the distribution of fire gases content in rocks on the rate of drops of air pressure between the worked out space in a mine with a fire seat and the atmosphere on the surface of the earth are obtained. Mine researches have confirmed the formation of anomalies of fire gases in rocks and soil over places of spontaneous combustion of coal occurred in worked out space. When conducting a gas survey, it is sufficient to measure the content of fire gases in the soil at a depth of 0.5-1.0 m.

Prediction of the gas-dynamic source of contamination during an explosion at a radiation-hazardous object

Abstract: For predicting the radiation conditions after an explosion at a radiation-dangerous object, a method is proposed for determining the parameters of the medium contaminated with radioactive sources from the moment of the explosion up to the time when the motion of the cloud is determined primarily by the meteorological conditions. The formulation of the explosion problem takes account of the interaction of the gas with finely dispersed water particles, including mass, momentum, and energy transfer (due to phase transformations of the water), aerodynamic drag forces, and convective heat transfer. The problem is solved using the nonstationary method of large particles, modified by introducing a flow-correction step. The results of a test calculation of the 1957 explosion in the Southern Urals are presented. 4 figures, 5 references.

Crystal and molecular structure of 4(3-acryloyloxy)octyloxy- and 4(3-acryloyloxy)hexyloxy-4′-cyanobiphenyls

Abstract: The molecular and crystal structures of N≡C-C6H4-C6H4-O-(CH2)8-O-CO-CH=CH2 (4(3-acryloyloxy)octyloxy-4′-cyanobiphenyl) (I) and N≡C-C6H4-C6H4-O-(CH2)6-O-CO-CH=CH2 (4(3-acryloyloxy)hexyloxy-4′-cyanobiphenyl) (II) were determined by X-ray diffraction. The structures of I and II are stereotype. The space group of I and II is C2/c, Z = 8; lattice parameters I: a = 34.677(7)A, b = 9.452(2)A, c = 13.004(3) A, β = 99.30(3)°; II: a = 30.858(6) A, b = 9.504(2) A, c = 13.082(2) A, β = 92.78(3)°. The planar extended molecules I and II are packed in the unit cell to give clearly differentiated aliphatic and aromatic regions throughout the whole crystal. All intermolecular contacts are concentrated in the aromatic region. The molecular packing is very loose but the aromatic areas of I and II fully coincide. The only free parameter of the structure is the length of the aliphatic chain (CH2)n (n = 8 and 6). According to DSC data, compound I possesses enantiotropic mesomorphism and II possesses monotropic mesomorphism.