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Institution

Russian Ministry of the Emergency Situations

GovernmentMoscow, Russia
About: Russian Ministry of the Emergency Situations is a government organization based out in Moscow, Russia. It is known for research contribution in the topics: Combustion & Liquid crystal. The organization has 218 authors who have published 172 publications receiving 453 citations. The organization is also known as: Ministry of the Russian Federation for Civil Defence, Emergencies and Elimination of Consequences of Natural Disasters.


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Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: The potential mechanisms of radioprotective effect of radiomodulators as agents of "biological" protection against oxidative stress in conditions of acute and chronic irradiation at high and low-dose-rate ionizing radiation are considered as discussed by the authors.
Abstract: The potential mechanisms of radioprotective effect of radiomodulators as agents of “biological” protection against oxidative stress in conditions of acute and chronic irradiation at high- and low-dose-rate ionizing radiation are considered. Radiomodulators, as natural antioxidants, prevent lipid peroxidation of cell membranes and reduce radiation toxemia. The radioprotective and radiomitigative properties of natural antioxidants are limited in terms of a dose reduction factor of 1.15–1.2. The dose–effect interrelation of antioxidants has a dome-shaped character; they can be prooxidants under certain conditions. With this mechanism they are also able to reduce acute toxicity of medicines and poisons. Long, low-intensive radiation at more than 100 mSv/year causes the development of oxidative stress with activation of the mechanisms of antioxidant defense upon its further exhaustion with a decrease in the ascorbic acid content in tissues and endogenous reduced thiols. In this case, the use of natural antioxidants allows a reduction in manifestations of oxidative stress via substrate therapy, thereby compensating for vitamin deficiency under the conditions of their intense consumption. At the same time, the delivery of exogenous purine nucleoside favors the synthesis of DNA and RNA in the course of their postradiation repair. In the condition of oxidative stress, the basis of adaptation shifts in the antioxidant system eventually consists of activation of the nuclear factor Nrf2 and NAD-dependent histone deacetylases sirtuins. Via hormesis, plant polyphenols, coumarins, purine nucleosides, and melatonin can modulate the Nrf2 nuclear factor and sirtuin activity and reduce the remote consequences of chronic radiation exposure, such as a reduction of the human lifespan, by a delay of the development of atherosclerosis, cardiovascular, and neurodegenerative diseases, metabolic syndrome, diabetes mellitus, and the risk of carcinogenesis.

5 citations

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: A 7-day course with polychromatic light prevented the development of immunosupression in the BC patients at the early post-mastectomy period.
Abstract: To this day, two methods of phototherapy (PT) have been successfully used in post-surgical immunorehabilitation of patients with breast cancer (BC): intravenous laser irradiation of the patients' blood and reinfusion of lympholeukosuspension of BC patients after single irradiation with HeNe laser. The objective of this pilot experimental study was to verify the effectiveness of the percutaneous use of polychromatic visible light combined with polychromatic infrared (pVIS+pIR) radiation similar to the major components of natural solar spectrum in post-surgical management of BC patients. Patients with BC (adenocarcinoma) of I-II stages, n=19 who had undergone mastectomy, were divided into 2 groups. The control group of patients (n=8) underwent a conventional course of post-surgical rehabilitation and sham irradiation. Patients of the PT group (n=11) additionally received 7days of daily treatment with polychromatic light on the sacral area, D=15cm. The PT course began on the day after mastectomy (Bioptron-2 device; Switzerland, 480-3400nm, 95% polarization, 40mW/cm2, 24J/cm2). Mastectomy produced many changes in cellular and humoral immunity, which was recorded on the 1st and 8th post-surgical days. The PT course resulted in a faster normalization of post-surgical leukocytosis and activation of cytotoxic CD8+ T-lymphocytes (Lym), reduced the elevated concentration in blood of immune complexes and in parallel promoted cytotoxic activity of CD16+/CD56+ NK-cells. The PT up-regulated the number of NK-cells in patients with its decrease on the 1st post-surgical day and prevented the decrease in the amount of monocytes, CD19+ B-Lym, CD3+ T-Lym, CD4+ T-helpers, activated CD3+/HLADR+ T-Lym, and the decrease of the phagocytotic capability of neutrophils. PT blocked the down-regulation of the IgM, IgA concentration and abnormally sharp increase of the proinflammatory cytokine IFN-γ content. Therefore, a 7-day course with polychromatic light prevented the development of immunosupression in the BC patients at the early post-mastectomy period.

5 citations

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: In this article, the possibilities of application of additive group techniques for calculating the flash point of organic liquids on the example of monohydric alcohols, ketones and esters were considered.
Abstract: The possibilities of application of the additive group techniques for calculating the flash point of organic liquids on the example of monohydric alcohols, ketones and esters was considered.

5 citations

Book ChapterDOI
01 Jan 2018
TL;DR: In this article, the authors used the kriging (geostatistics) method to predict the status of vegetation change trends and generalize additive smoothed parameters to provide response factors for changes of land cover status.
Abstract: The regional resilience of a landscape to climate change in water-scarce areas is one of the core environmental problems nowadays for Central Asian countries. Responses to increasing temperature and high evapotranspiration (ET0) regimes have contributed to biodiversity loss and altered vegetation dynamics and changed the land use and management in these landscapes. Extremely dry conditions and droughts are recognized as an important factor that triggers land degradation in Central Asia. The aim of this study is to conduct attribution analysis to assess drought trends that are quantified using the Standardized Precipitation-Evapotranspiration Index (SPEI) and effects of other biophysical factors on the region and at a country level. The kriging (geostatistics) method was utilized to predict the status of vegetation change trends and generalize additive smoothed parameters to provide response factors for changes of land cover status. Specific objectives of the study were (a) to assess drought trends and their effects on climate–vegetation trends at the regional and local level; (b) identify the main affected regions among five countries (Kazakhstan, Kyrgyzstan, Tajikistan, Turkmenistan, and Uzbekistan) and characterize their patterns for monitoring land tenures; and (c) define appropriate ecological risk zones, especially trends of spatial changes over time with drought trends. The simulated and predicted maps with kriging dependence terms indicated that the climate–vegetation-driven dataset will suffer substantial losses of vegetation health [normalized difference vegetation index (NDVI)] in precipitation-driven regions of Turkmenistan, Uzbekistan, and Tajikistan, and that these areas, especially, Ahal and Lebap Provinces in Turkmenistan, Kyzylorda in Kazakhstan, Karakalpakstan Autonomous Republic in Uzbekistan, and Gorno-Badakhsan Autonomous Region (GBAR) in Tajikistan, are very sensitive to droughts, which might alert us to the fragility of this ecosystem.

5 citations

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: In this article, the authors address the analysis of modern approaches to assessment of environmental risks that arise during the operation of industrial facilities and the use of hazardous chemicals, as well as methods for quantitative and qualitative assessment regarding logistics and transport infrastructure.
Abstract: This article addresses the analysis of modern approaches to assessment of environmental risks that arise during the operation of industrial facilities and the use of hazardous chemicals, as well as methods for quantitative and qualitative assessment of environmental risks regarding logistics and transport infrastructure. The purpose of the study is to identify the optimal methods for assessing environmental risks in the context of environmental safety. As a result of the study, an algorithm for assessing environmental risks was established and the methods for assessing environmental risks, as well as the approaches to ensuring the principles of environmental safety, were analyzed. Thus, a preventive assessment of the environmental risks of operation of anthropogenic facilities is necessary in the context of ensuring the environmental safety in relation to development of transport and supply chains. During the environmental risk assessment in view of green logistics, it is necessary to get the answer to the question about the degree of acceptability of the identified environmental risk for humans, as well as for various ecosystems. There is an objective need for arrangement of the organized and focused activity on human impact to the environment on the basis of scientific prediction of possible changes and consequences for the environment (planning of human activities and predicting the possible consequences).

5 citations


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Performance
Metrics
No. of papers from the Institution in previous years
YearPapers
20232
20224
202121
202025
201912
20189