scispace - formally typeset
Search or ask a question

Showing papers by "Rutgers University published in 1972"


Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: Any change in performance of the instrumental behavior ancillary to feeding which causes the values of these parameters to recover their optimum or privileged value, defined by their niche, will be strengthened.

393 citations


Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: Gonadal hormones have important effects on the behaviors that determine body weight in laboratory rats, and may act directly on separate neural loci to inhibit food intake and stimulate locomotor activity, possibly by lowering the set-point of a hypothalamic lipostat.

371 citations


Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: In this paper, a numerical and experimental investigation of the developing laminar free convection heat transfer in vertical parallel plate channels with asymmetric heating is presented, where the Nusselt number characterizing the total heat transfer to the fluid is found to be related to the Rayleigh number very nearly by a universal curve for all ratios of wall temperature differences.

330 citations


Book ChapterDOI
TL;DR: In this paper, the authors discuss the traits that a person perceives as characteristic of himself (or herself) and of others, and the beliefs that he or she holds about which traits tend to go together and which do not.
Abstract: Publisher Summary This chapter discusses the traits that a person perceives as characteristic of himself (or herself) and of others, and the beliefs that he or she holds about which traits tend to go together and which do not. Parsimonious ways of representing this type of complex and loosely organized system of perceived traits and relations have been discussed. The perception of stable physical and psychological characteristics and the beliefs about their co-occurrences are important objects of research for social psychologists, not only because of the ubiquity with which a person thinks and talks about himself and others but also because of the central role that personality perception plays in everyday social interaction and social decisions. The chapter describes laboratory analogs of the trait inference and personality and summarizes a number of findings that have resulted from their use, particularly studies involving the application of multidimensional scaling and, to some extent, clustering and factor analysis. Naturalistic personality and individual differences have been described. The chapter highlights the personality perception in children and some future directions for the study of personality perception.

319 citations


Journal ArticleDOI
22 Dec 1972-Science
TL;DR: Recordings of neuronal activity in the pudendal, genitofemoral, and pelvic nerves indicate that the sensory fields of these three nerves are the perineum, the caudal abdomen, and the vagino-cervical area and rectum, respectively.
Abstract: Recordings of neuronal activity in the pudendal, genitofemoral, and pelvic nerves indicate that the sensory fields of these three nerves are the perineum, the caudal abdomen, and the vagino-cervical area and rectum, respectively. The sensory field of the pudendal nerve was significantly larger in estrogen-treated ovariectomized female rats than in uninjected controls. This effect of estrogen was not mediated by pudendal efferents.

266 citations


Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: Biodegradation and mineralization of petroleum, added at 1% (v/v) to freshly collected sea water, were measured using gas–liquid chromatographic, residual weight, and CO2‐evolution techniques.
Abstract: Biodegradation and mineralization of petroleum, added at 1% (v/v) to freshly collected sea water, were measured using gas–liquid chromatographic, residual weight, and CO2-evolution techniques. Only 3% of the added petroleum was biodegraded and 1% was mineralized in unamended sea water after 18 days of incubation. Added individually, nitrate (10−2M) or phosphate (3.5 × 10−4M) supplements caused little improvement, but when added in combination, they increased petroleum biodegradation and mineralization to 70% and 42%, respectively. Attempts to clean up oil spills with the aid of microorganisms should take into consideration the nutritional deficiencies of sea water.

264 citations


Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: The authors found that there has been a considerable increase in the correlation of party identification and opinion on six major issues, relating to social welfare, racial integration, and foreign aid, and that voters are more prone to see a difference between the parties on these issues and are increasingly likely to identify the Democratic party as favorable to federal governmental action.
Abstract: Analysis of national election surveys from 1956 to 1968 reveals significant changes in the voters' perceptions of issues and the major parties. There has been a considerable increase in the correlation of party identification and opinion on six major issues, relating to social welfare, racial integration, and foreign aid. Voters are more prone to see a difference between the parties on these issues and are increasingly likely to identify the Democratic party as favorable to federal governmental action. These findings contrast with those of The American Voter and similar studies. The reasons for the changes cannot be found in demographic factors, as tested by controls for age cohorts, education, region, and race. More probably the explanation lies in strictly political factors. A particularly important event was the presidential campaign of 1964, in which ideological differences between the parties were deliberately emphasized. The electorate responded to this campaign by becoming more ideologically aware, and its learning appears to have persisted through the 1968 election. This finding suggests that past conclusions about the low ideological awareness of the electorate were specific to the Eisenhower era, and that the issue content of the vote will vary with the stimuli provided by the general political environment.

244 citations


Journal ArticleDOI
11 Oct 1972-Nature
TL;DR: Growth stimulated by protease treatment of untransformed cells is correlated with a decrease in cell cAMP levels and can be prevented by dibutyryl cAMP and changed growth characteristics of transformed cells are discussed.
Abstract: Growth stimulated by protease treatment of untransformed cells is correlated with a decrease in cell cAMP levels and can be prevented by dibutyryl cAMP. The changed growth characteristics of transformed cells are discussed with regard to cAMP levels.

243 citations


Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: The results indicate that the systolic times are a valid measure of contractility which should prove useful in comparing patients with cardiac pathology confined to the LV myocardium and in following patients with extramyocardial hemodynamic lesions of constant severity.
Abstract: Previous studies relating systolic time intervals and measures of cardiac performance have suggested that the time intervals may be useful indices of myocardial contractility. To explore this possibility, systolic times and left ventricular (LV) performance and contractility were measured nearly simultaneously in 14 normal subjects and 56 patients with cardiac disease. Preejection period (PEP) and the ratio of PEP to LV ejection time (LVET) changed significantly with acute inotropic influences (exercise and isoproterenol), were normal in patients with right or left ventricular overloads in whom cardiac index and ejection fraction were depressed but contractile element velocity at peak dP/dt and the Frank-Levinson contractility index were normal, and were significantly abnormal in patients with either clinically evident or occult LV decompensation in whom the measures of contractility were reduced. Correlations of PEP and PEP/LVET with measures of both performance and contractility were insignificant for p...

237 citations


Journal ArticleDOI
23 Jun 1972-Science
TL;DR: During the refractory period that follows ejaculation, the male rat regularly emits 22-kilohertz vocalizations, and these cease after about three-fourths of the total period has elapsed, and this corresponds to an "absolute refractedory period" during which the male cannot spontaneously initiate copulation.
Abstract: During the refractory period that follows ejaculation, the male rat regularly emits 22-kilohertz vocalizations. These cease after about three-fourths of the total period has elapsed, and this corresponds to an "absolute refractory period" during which the male cannot spontaneously initiate copulation. Similar 22-kilohertz vocalizations occur in other social contexts, and in general they appear to be desist-contact signals.

227 citations




Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: It is shown that the salt concentrations effect is entirely entropic in origin and both the Gibbs free energy difference at any fixed temperature and the melting temperature are predicted to be linear functions of the log of the salt concentration.
Abstract: A general theory of polyelectrolyte solutions is here used to calculate the differences in Gibbs free energy, enthalpy, and entropy between the coil and helix forms of DNA at any temperature and salt concentration. The salt has univalent cations and is assumed present in excess over the base concentration. The results are restricted to sufficiently dilute solutions. It is shown that the salt concentrations effect is entirely entropic in origin. When applied to the melting temperature, the calculations yield a relation between the enthalpy difference at the melting temperature and the slope of the plot of melting temperature vs. the logarithm of the salt concentration. In accord with observation, both the Gibbs free energy difference at any fixed temperature and the melting temperature are predicted to be linear functions of the log of the salt concentration. However, the theory is not in quantitative agreement with enthalpy data. Data on various colligative and transport properties of both helix and coil forms are reviewed in the text and in Appendix B, and good agreement is found with theory for both forms. No attempt is made to explain why the theory is quantitative for these properties but not for heat measurements. Finally, in Appendix A, an approximate calculation is made of the free energy contributions due to ionic effects not associated with the salt concentration.

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: This paper found characteristic patterns of mental abilities for first grade children from different ethnic backgrounds (Chinese, Jewish, Negro, and Puerto Rican) and found that the ethnic patterns differed in shape and average level.
Abstract: Past research has shown that males and females exhibit characteristic patterns of mental abilities; however, comparatively few studies have considered the patterns of mental abilities that distinguish different ethnic and socioeconomic groups (Anastasi, 1958). One such study, conducted by Lesser, Fifer, and Clark (1965) found characteristic patterns of mental abilities for first grade children from different ethnic backgrounds (Chinese, Jewish, Negro, and Puerto Rican). The ethnic patterns differed in shape and average level. Socioeconomic status (SES) was not related to the shape of the patterns, but those of higher SES tended to have higher mean scores on the mental ability tests. A replication study (Stodolsky and Lesser, 1967) confirmed these results on a sample of Negro and Chinese first graders; however, no common ethnic pattern emerged for samples of lower- and middle-class Irish-Catholics.

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: The expression of agonistic behavior was potentiated by androgen; aggressiveness and dominance were also greatly influenced by residence in the home cage.

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: In this paper, the coupled Bloch equations appropriate to conduction-electron spin resonance are derived rigorously to second order in $J$ with the result that correct static susceptibilities are obtained, and the instantaneous magnetizations are not proportional to the effective magnetic fields causing the magnetizations to precess.
Abstract: The scheme of Kadanoff and Baym is shown to be useful for the rigorous derivation of Bloch or Boltzmann equations for spin systems. The scheme is applied to a system of conduction electrons in a metal interacting via an exchange interaction $J$ with a low density of local spins. The coupled Bloch equations appropriate to conduction-electron spin resonance are derived rigorously to second order in $J$. The prominent features of the derived equations are that (i) the disturbed magnetizations are shown to relax to the instantaneous local equilibrium magnetization with the result that correct static susceptibilities are obtained, (ii) the instantaneous magnetizations are not proportional to the effective magnetic fields causing the magnetizations to precess, and (iii) the equations are consistent with conservation of the total magnetization.

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: In this paper, the authors investigated the problem of finding the expected value of functions of a random variable X of the form f(X) = (X+A)−n where X+A>0 a.s.
Abstract: We investigate the problem of finding the expected value of functions of a random variable X of the form f(X) = (X+A)−n where X+A>0 a.s. and n is a non-negative integer. The technique is to successively integrate the probability generating function and is suggested by the well-known result that successive differentiation leads to the positive moments. The technique is applied to the problem of finding E[1/(X+A)] for the binomial and Poisson distributions.

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: Three separate methods are combined to provide an accurate and rapid method for carcass water, fat and protein determinations and the usefulness of this method for behavioral studies involving large numbers of animals is discussed.

Book ChapterDOI
01 Jan 1972
TL;DR: The form and texture of the tongue has long been one of the major bases for the classification of lizards, as evidenced by such herpetological catalogues as de Rooij (1915) that base the “synopsis of families” principally on the tongue.
Abstract: The form and texture of the tongue has long been one of the major bases for the classification of lizards, as evidenced by such herpetological catalogues as de Rooij (1915) that base the “synopsis of families” principally on the tongue, and by the “-gjossa” names for higher groups of lizards in the older literature (e.g., Pachyglossa, Leptoglossa, Thecaglossa, Diploglossa, all used by Cope, 1900, but taken by him from earlier authors). I can find no case where a lizard was referred to a particular group on the basis of tongue structure but subsequently found, from other evidence, to be unrelated. On the other hand, in two cases families of lizards have been referred to higher groups against the evidence of the tongue, and subsequent study of the osteology has shown such reference to be in error: the Pygopodidae were referred by Camp (1923) to the same group as that containing Anguidae, Xenosauridae, Anniellidae, Helodermatidae, and Varani-dae, in spite of a very different tongue; but McDowell and Bogert (1954) and Underwood (1957) showed that the Pygopodidae are most closely related to the Gekkonidae, with which they agree in tongue structure as well as many other features.

Journal ArticleDOI
Gilbert Falk1
TL;DR: Interpret as mentioned in this paper is a heuristic scene description system that uses knowledge about the world in a variety of ways to produce a description of the scene that is consistent with its input.

Journal ArticleDOI
Mark Keller1
TL;DR: The issue of loss of control as part of the nature of alcoholism is defined and the new focus that this approach permits on the possibilities of prevention is discussed.
Abstract: Summary This paper tries to define and clarify the issue of loss of control as part of the nature of alcoholism. It defines what it really is, when and how it operates most significantly and also clarifies its relationship to alcoholism. As a necessary preface there is a clarification of the concept alcoholism itself. The taper concludes with a discussion on the new focus that this approach permits on the possibilities of prevention.


Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: In this paper, the 1967 CERN-EXP phase-shift analysis has been redone with 212 times more experimental data (11550 points) and the results differ mainly in being even smoother.

Journal ArticleDOI
07 Jan 1972-Science
TL;DR: The study of in vitro microtubule-dependent axonal elongation suggests that adenosine 3',5'-monophosphate promotes elongation by stimulation of microtubules assembly.
Abstract: Elevated concentrations of adenosine 3',5'-monophosphate induce a variety of cell movements. The role of adenosine 3',5'-monophosphate in promoting those movements associated with growth prompted our study of in vitro microtubule-dependent axonal elongation. Ganglia treated with adenosine 5'-monophosphate show no enhancement over controls; treatment with adenosine 3', 5'monophosphate or its dibutyryl derivative significantly enhances elongation, as measured by increases in both axonal numbers and length. Our study suggests that adenosine 3',5'-monophosphate promotes elongation by stimulation of microtubule assembly.

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: Lactating mice, in contrast to the passivity exhibited by nonparturient animals, displayed immediate and intense aggressive behavior toward male and female mouse intruders, however, lactating mice exhibited no aggression when tested either on Days 14–20 of the lactation period or 5 hr after their pups had been removed.

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: Observations indicate that there is altered cell-mediated immunity in alcoholic hepatitis which may contribute to development and/or perpetuation of chronic liver injury.

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: In this paper, the ability of a Flavobacterium sp. and Brevibacteria sp. to metabolize a paraffinic crude oil and a chemically defined hydrocarbon mixture was investigated.
Abstract: Within the framework of a study on the oil biodegradation potential of the sea the ability of a Flavobacterium sp. and Brevibacterium sp. to metabolize a paraffinic crude oil and a chemically defined hydrocarbon mixture was investigated. Major components of the crude oil were identified by combination gas chromatography and mass spectrometry. The rate and extent of total hydrocarbon biodegradation was measured. In addition, CO2 evolution from the crude oil was continuously monitored in a shaker-mounted gas train arrangement. Degradation started after a 2 to 4 day lag period, and reached its maximum within two weeks. At this time up to 60% of the crude oil and 75% of the model hydrocarbon mixture, each added at the level of 1 ml per 100 ml artificial sea water, were degraded. Mineralization(conversion to CO2) was slightly lower due to formation of products and bacterial cell material. n-Paraffins were preferentially degraded as compared to branched chain hydrocarbons. Biodegradation of n-paraffins in the range of C12 to C20 was simultaneous; no diauxie effects were observed.


Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: This paper reviews various procedures of standardization and component analysis which utilize vector or matrix multiplication or are based on regression analysis and Michelson's relatively unknown approach to multiple component analysis is presented.
Abstract: This paper reviews various procedures of standardization and component analysis which utilize vector or matrix multiplication or are based on regression analysis. Substantive examples using these t...

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: The Chemical Hydrolysis of Some Organic Phosphorus and Carbamate Pesticides in Aquatic Environments is described in this article, where the authors present a method to synthesize some organic phosphorus and carbamate pesticides in aquatic environments.
Abstract: (1972). Chemical Hydrolysis of Some Organic Phosphorus and Carbamate Pesticides in Aquatic Environments. Environmental Letters: Vol. 3, No. 3, pp. 171-201.