Showing papers by "Rutgers University published in 1978"
TL;DR: An analogous situation existed in the field of protein chemistry during the period after the formulation and confirmation of the Debye—Huckel theory of ionic solutions but before Scatchard's incorporation of the theory into his analysis of the binding properties of proteins.
Abstract: Although the importance of the polyelectrolyte character of DNA has been recognized for some time (Felsenfeld & Miles 1967), few of the implications have been explored, primarily because of a lag in translating the breakthroughs in polyelectrolyte theory of the last decade into a form that is well adapted to the analysis of the specialized problems of biophysical chemistry. Perhaps an analogous situation existed in the field of protein chemistry during the period after the formulation and confirmation of the Debye—Huckel theory of ionic solutions but before Scatchard's incorporation of the theory into his analysis of the binding properties of proteins. An achievement for polynucleotide solutions parallel to Scatchard's was recently presented by Record, Lohman, & de Haseth (1976) and further developed and reviewed by Record, Anderson & Lohman (1978).
2,686 citations
TL;DR: Cardiac arrhythmias presenting during weekend or holiday drinking episodes are associated with conduction delays and depressed cardiac performance indicative of early cardiomyopathy and suggest a “holiday heart” syndrome.
557 citations
TL;DR: Prednisone treatment for infertility and subsequent pregnancy maintenance in humans resulted in a significant decrease in the birth weight of full-term infants and a marked increase in the percentage of newborn infants weighing 2500 grams or less, that is, "light for dates" in comparison to control offspring.
Abstract: Prednisone treatment for infertility and subsequent pregnancy maintenance in humans resulted in a significant decrease in the birth weight of full-term infants and a marked increase in the percentage of newborn infants weighing 2500 grams or less, that is, "light for dates" in comparison to control offspring. A parallel experiment with mice indicated that the reduction of birth weight was caused by exposure to corticosteroids rather than to maternal disease or malfunction.
492 citations
TL;DR: A general method of computer-assisted medical decision-making based on causal-associational network (CASNET) models of disease based on observations of a patient, pathophysiological states, and disease classifications for diagnosis and treatment of the glaucomas has been developed.
489 citations
TL;DR: In this paper, a formula for the inverse of the Freeman-Tukey double arcsine transformation is derived, which is useful when expressing means of double arcsines as retransformed proportions.
Abstract: A formula for the inverse of the Freeman–Tukey double arcsine transformation is derived. This formula is useful when expressing means of double arcsines as retransformed proportions. When the mean is taken from original proportions involving different n's, it is suggested that the harmonic mean of the n's be used in the inversion formula.
456 citations
450 citations
01 Jan 1978
TL;DR: Cognitive behavior therapy has been a hot topic in recent years as discussed by the authors. But it has not yet been studied in the general public, despite the growing interest in cognitive variables in behavior therapy.
Abstract: Psychology, it has recently been said, has “gone cognitive” (Dember, 1974). Moreover, judging from an examination of the theoretical and dinical literature, behavior therapy has followed suit (Bandura, 1974; Mahoney, 1974). The attention devoted to cognitive variables in behavior therapy has grown steadily in the 1970s (Franks and Wilson, 1973–77), and several recent developments have tended to make formal this trend toward a cognitive mediational model of the modification of behavior. These have included pertinent publications (e.g., Beck, 1976; Meichenbaum, 1976), the appearance of the journal Cognitive Therapy and Research, and an inaugural convention on “cognitive behavior therapy” in New York City in 1976.
391 citations
01 Jan 1978
387 citations
01 Jan 1978
340 citations
TL;DR: In this article, the affine Lie algebra is constructed as an algebra of differential operators on ℂ[x 1,x 2,x 3,x 4,x 5,...], spanned by the creation and annihilation operators and by the homogeneous components of a certain exponential generating function.
Abstract: We give an explicit construction of the affine Lie algebraA
1
(1)
as an algebra of differential operators on ℂ[x
1,x
3,x
5, ...]. This algebra is spanned by the creation and annihilation operators and by the homogeneous components of a certain “exponential generating function” which is strikingly similar to the vertex operator in the string model.
334 citations
TL;DR: The BELIEVER system is presented by specifying a plan recognition process and its knowledge sources and can account for goal-directed actions that may succeed or fail in accomplishing the goal, as well as actions governed by norms.
TL;DR: In this article, a limited survey of frying fats used in commercial operations indicated that some were maintained at good quality and others were overused or abused, and the volatile decomposition products produced by corn oil, hydrogenated cotton-seed oil, trilinolein, and triolein were collected, fractionated, and identified.
Abstract: Deep-fat frying is one of the most commonly used procedures for the preparation and manufacture of foods in the world. During deep-fat frying, oxidative and thermal decompositions may take place with the formation of volatile and nonvolatile decomposition products, some of which in excessive amounts are harmful to human health. A limited survey of frying fats used in commercial operations indicated that some were maintained at good quality and others were overused or abused. The volatile decomposition products produced by corn oil, hydrogenated cotton-seed oil, trilinolein, and triolein, under simulated commercial frying conditions, were collected, fractionated, and identified. A total of 211 compounds were identified. The nonvolatile decomposition products produced by trilinolein, triolein, and tristearin under simulated commercial frying conditions were collected and characterized. After being treated under deep-fat frying conditions at 185 C for 74 hr, trilinolein yielded 26.3% non-urea-adduct-forming esters, triolein yielded 10.8%, and tristearin also yielded 4.2%.
TL;DR: Cell-free filtrates of axenic or bacterized cultures of the dominant blue-green algae from a freshwater lake inhibited the growth of diatoms isolated from the same lake, and dilution is proposed as one cause for the limited occurrence of blue- green alga dominance in marine waters.
Abstract: Cell-free filtrates of axenic or bacterized cultures of the dominant blue-green algae from a freshwater lake inhibited the growth of diatoms isolated from the same lake Lake waters, collected during blue-green algal blooms, also inhibited diatom growth In situ observations over a 5-year period indicate that diatom bloom populations vary inversely with the levels of the preceding blue-green algal populations Blue-green algal dominance of eutrophic lakes is attributed to this allelopathy, and dilution is proposed as one cause for the limited occurrence of blue-green alga dominance in marine waters
TL;DR: It is demonstrated that revertants of tem- perature-sensitive benA (p-tubulin) mutations in Aspergillus nidulans can be used to identify pro- teins which interact with /3-tubulins and the potential usefulness of the benA sys- tem function for analyzing tubulin structure and function is extended.
TL;DR: It is demonstrated that high levels of intraspecific aggression are exhibited during lactation in the rat and that the aggression is dependent upon stimuli from the litter for its expression.
TL;DR: Under the rubric of “people ecology,” data from research among commercial fishermen of Fogo Island, Newfoundland, are used to explore an alternative that emphasizes people rather than systems as starting points for study, and underscores the role of larger social and political processes in affecting local man — environment relations.
Abstract: Ecological approaches within maritime anthropology are reviewed, particularly those concerned with resource management in fisheries and characterized by certain assumptions of systems ecology. The systems ecology approach used in anthropology exhibits certain problems, including the assumption of equilibria, the tendency to restrict analyses to immediate and “natural” environmental relations, and the reification of analytical systems. Under the rubric of “people ecology,” data from research among commercial fishermen of Fogo Island, Newfoundland, are used to explore an alternative that emphasizes people rather than systems as starting points for study, and underscores the role of larger social and political processes in affecting local man — environment relations.
TL;DR: In this article, an accurate numerical model of avalanche breakdown in MOSFETs is presented, which uses an accurate electric field distribution calculated by a two-dimensional numerical analysis, and introduces multiplication factors for a high-field path and the channel current path.
Abstract: An accurate numerical model of avalanche breakdown in MOSFET's is presented. Features of this model are a) use of an accurate electric-field distribution calculated by a two-dimensional numerical analysis, b) introduction of multiplication factors for a high-field path and the channel current path, and c) incorporation of the feedback effect of the excess substrate current induced by impact ionization into the two-dimensional calculation. This model is applied to normal breakdown observed in p-MOSFET's and to negative-resistance breakdown (snap-back or switchback breakdown) observed in short-channel n-MOSFET's. Excess substrate current generated from channel current by impact ionization causes a significant voltage drop across the substrate resistance in short-channel n-MOSFET's. This voltage forward-biases the source-substrate junction and increases channel current causing a positive feedback effect. This results in a decrease of the breakdown voltage and leads to negative-resistance characteristics. Current-voltage characteristics calculated by the present model agree very well with experimental results. Another model, highly simplified and convenient for device design, is also presented. It predicts some advantages of p-MOSFET's over n-MOSFET's from the standpoint of avalanche breakdown voltage, particularly in the submicrometer channel-length range.
TL;DR: Cystine was incorporated into metallothionein in hormone-treated cells indicating that the protein was synthesized de novo during periods of enhanced zinc accumulation.
TL;DR: It is demonstrated here that male urinary factors can elicit reflex ovulation in rats in the absence of coitus, mounting or removal to a novel cage, and the vomeronasal system is suggested to be involved in the effects of urinary chemicals on gonadal function.
Abstract: EXPOSURE to urine has been shown to influence the reproductive physiology of immature and mature female rodents. It affects the onset of puberty, as measured by vaginal opening1,2 and by uterine growth3,4, and the maintenance of pregnancy in mice5–7, as well as the timing of oestrous cycles in both mice8,9 and rats10,11. These effects seem to be elicited differentially by particular components of urine3. Although an ovulatory cycle eventually follows exposure to urine in all these examples12, reflex ovulation (that is, ovulation occurring shortly after brief exposure to a sensory stimulus) in response to male urine, has not been demonstrated previously. Also, traditionally, behavioural, as well as gonadal effects of urine were assumed to occur through the primary olfactory system4,12, rather than through one of the accessory olfactory systems, such as the vomeronasal system13–16. However, a role for the vomeronasal system was recently found for male hamster mating behaviour17. Furthermore, Raisman has pointed out that the vomeronasal system is brought into relationship with neural systems that are of importance in gonadotrophic release as well as sexual behaviour18. We demonstrate here that male urinary factors can elicit reflex ovulation in rats in the absence of coitus, mounting or removal to a novel cage. The present study is also the first to suggest that the vomeronasal system (in addition to, or instead of, the primary olfactory system) is involved in the effects of urinary chemicals on gonadal function.
TL;DR: It is shown that, for continuous-time analytic systems, analytic universal inputs exist, and that, in the class of C∞ inputs, universality is a generic property.
Abstract: A universal input is an inputu with the property that, whenever two states give rise to a different output for some input, then they give rise to a different output foru. For an observable system,u is universal if the initial state can be reconstructed from the knowledge of the output foru. It is shown that, for continuous-time analytic systems, analytic universal inputs exist, and that, in the class ofC∞ inputs, universality is a generic property. Stronger results are proved for polynomial systems.
TL;DR: Gel filtration chromatographic studies showed that recently accumulated intracellular zinc was present as a low molecular weight complex smaller than metallothionein, the zinc storage protein, but larger than individual amino acids.
TL;DR: In this paper, a model of the formation of composite nuclei observed in relativistic heavy-ion collisions is developed, which is analogous to that used in accounting for the creation of nuclei under explosive conditions, as encountered in the expansion of an isotropic and homogeneous universe and in imploding-exploding supermassive stars.
Abstract: A description of the formation of composite nuclei observed in relativistic heavy-ion collisions is developed. The description is analogous to that used in accounting for the formation of nuclei under explosive conditions, as encountered in the expansion of an isotropic and homogeneous universe and in imploding-exploding supermassive stars. The model studied is one in which composite nuclei are formed in the space-time evolution of a rapidly expanding system of nucleons. Within the framework of this model, it is shown that reaction rates may initially be fast compared to expansion time scales, that detailed balance can then be met, and a quasi-equilibrium established for a short period of time and limited volume of space in this space-time evolution. An idealized equilibrium model is then proposed which contains a sharp cutoff from equilibrium to free expansion. In such a model the observed properties of the composite particles reflect a ''frozen in'' equilibrium state. A simple discussion is then presented showing that the volume at which the transition occurs is related to the finite size of the correlated structures in the system. A key result in the approach developed is that properties of the composite particle cross sections can be used to obtainmore » information on the size of the emitting region without resorting to a Hambury-Brown--Twiss correlation measurement. Another important result is that cross sections for composite nuclei are characterized by Maxwell-Boltzmann distributions is some rest system and recent data will be discussed from this viewpoint. The thermodynamic properties of the system, such as the equation of state and the energy-temperature relationship are investigated. The effect of continuum correlations from resonances and echoes will also be discussed.« less
TL;DR: A computer-based system for consultation in the diagnosis and therapy of glaucoma and its major new features are generation of complex interpretations from a qualitative model of a disease process.
TL;DR: Two genetically distinct clones of the asexual triploid fish Poeciliopsis 2 monacha-lucida inhabit the Rio del Fuerte of northwestern Mexico and are found to have sufficient clonal diversity to occupy a broad, heterogeneous, adaptive zone.
Abstract: Two genetically distinct clones of the asexual triploid fish Poeciliopsis 2 monacha-lucida inhabit the Rio del Fuerte of northwestern Mexico. Their coexistence apparently depends on feeding specializations that result in partitioning of the limited food resources in the desert streams. The findings suggest that these asexual organisms have sufficient clonal diversity to occupy a broad, heterogeneous, adaptive zone.
TL;DR: Evidence on the central mechanisms mediating amphetamine-induced anorexia, locomotion, and stereotypy is reviewed, with the findings suggesting the following conclusions.
TL;DR: In two experiments spontaneous topographical response differentiation was assessed in twenty-eight 3-month-old infants during free-operant conditioning and was interpreted in terms of the optimization principle.
Abstract: In two experiments spontaneous topographical response differentiation was assessed in twenty-eight 3-month-old infants during free-operant conditioning. In Experiment 1, 15 infants were tested in the laboratory for a single session. Activity of all limbs produced somesthetic feedback, but only movement of the right leg produced visual conjugate reinforcement (mobile movement). Response localization was exhibited early in acquisition when leg activity exceeded arm activity, but specific differentiation between legs did not occur until the first extinction period when the right leg significantly dominated the left. Arm activity, as well as activity of all limbs of a noncontingent control group, remained unchanged throughout the session. In Experiment II, 13 infants were tested in their home cribs for successive days. All exhibited rapid and stable differentiation between legs, and 4 of 5 exhibited rapid and complete reversal of leg dominance when control of the mobile action was shifted to the other leg. The phenomenon was interpreted in terms of the optimization principle.
TL;DR: Morphological findings coupled with the observed pattern and distribution of cancer in the subject kindred suggest that the cancer‐prone genotype interacts with one or more exogenous factors in causing this familial tumor association.
Abstract: A familial cancer aggregation comprising sarcomas, brain tumors, leukemias, and carcinomas of breast, larynx, lung, adrenal, cortex, and other sites has been studied from a pathologic--genetic standpoint. Based upon sibships segregating for cancer, the genetic segregation parameter is estimated to be 45.6 +/- 11% which is compatible with that expected for a rare deleterious autosomal gene showing complete dominance. Pathologic review of 16 tumors by bright field microscopy revealed variable occurrences of intranuclear cytoplasmic invaginations, intranucleolar bodies, and acidophilic intracytoplasmic inclusions in eight lesions. Two tumors showed both intranuclear cytoplasmic invaginations and intranucleolar inclusions. Morphological findings coupled with the observed pattern and distribution of cancer in the subject kindred suggest that the cancer-prone genotype interacts with one or more exogenous factors in causing this familial tumor association.
TL;DR: The method is then applied to the calculation of the polarizability along the chain due to the bound (condensed) counterions, finding that a polyion holds its bound counterion layer with a strength on the order of 100 kcal/(mole cooperative unit).