Showing papers by "Ryerson University published in 1994"

Sex Role Stereotypes and Requisite Management Characteristics

Abstract: Examines the incidence of sex role stereotyping and the relevance of selection and socialization in attitude formation among business and non‐business students. Compares findings to similar research undertaken in the United States, Great Britain and (the former) West Germany.

Lending Practices and Canadian Women in Micro‐based Businesses

Abstract: Investigates the lending needs of the self‐employed and of micro‐based businesses. Describes the lack of coherence between the evaluative criteria used in traditional lending models and the needs of business owners. Findings suggest that the standard “5 C” model for assessing the viability of loan applications does not meet the needs of the present business environment. Women business owners may be at a disadvantage when applying for a business loan as the supposedly “objective” criteria are applied in a “subjective” manner to the detriment of female entrepreneurs. Presents information on the characteristics of micro‐loan programmes and proposes a market approach to micro‐loan practices that is better adapted to changing finance opportunities.

A numerical study of free convective heat transfer in a parallelogram‐shaped enclosure

Abstract: Two‐dimensional free convective flow in a parallelogram‐shaped enclosure has been studied numerically. The heated and cooled walls of the enclosure are isothermal and inclined at an angle β with respect to gravity. The top and bottom walls of the enclosure are horizontal and adiabatic. Calculations have been made for Rayleigh numbers ranging from 103 to 105 for a variety of wall angles (60° ≤ β ≤60° ) and enclosure aspect ratios 0.5 ≤ A ≤ 3. Average and local Nusselt number results are presented for a Prandtl number of 0.7. Streamline and isotherm contours are also presented.

Simultaneous Transcranial Doppler and Arterial Blood Pressure Response to Lower Body Negative Pressure

Abstract: Microgravity induces fluid shifts which can alter the cardiovascular responses of astronauts both during space flight and on return to Earth. The decrease in orthostatic tolerance in astronauts returning from a weightless environment can be modelled in ground-based studies using lower body negative pressure (LBNP). This study examined the physiological changes induced by LBNP and determined a reliable method of predicting the onset of presyncope to enable evaluation of countermeasures for loss of orthostatic tolerance, such as glycerol-induced hyperhydration. Six healthy male subjects, aged 18 to 45 years, were each subjected to two LBNP tests, with or without glycerol ingestion. Continuous, non-invasive measurements of middle cerebral artery blood flow velocities (CBF) by transcranial Doppler, arterial blood pressure (Finapres ABP), ECG and LBNP box pressures were recorded during each test. Negative pressure was increased in three minute intervals until symptoms of presyncope were observed. An increase in heart rate (HR), a relatively constant mean ABP and a steady decline in mean CBF were consistently observed as the box pressure was decreased. The continuous on-line measurements clearly showed consistent dynamic changes in both CBF and ABP waveforms in response to changes in LBNP. At the onset of presyncope, sudden drops in mean ABP, HR and mean CBF were typically noted, the latter providing the earliest indication of presyncope. The time required to re-establish original baseline values of CBF and ABP after release of box pressure varied widely from six to over ten minutes.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

Enforcement of Environmental Laws and Regulations: A Literature Review

Abstract: The effective enforcement of environmental laws and regulations is crucial for proper environmental management. As emphasized in Canada’s Green Plan (Government of Canada, 1990, p. 156), “Legislation and regulation are only as good as their enforcement.” This paper contains a detailed literature survey covering verification and enforcement theory and its applications, plus summaries of current environmental enforcement policies in Canada and the United States. In addition, the applicability of verification theory to environmental enforcement policies is assessed. Finally, some conclusions are drawn.

Negotiation support using the Graph Model for Conflict Resolution

Abstract: The Graph Model for Conflict Resolution is a flexible methodology for systematically studying strategic conflicts in the real world, and is therefore a natural tool for negotiation support. The basic definitions underlying the graph model are reviewed, and the techniques for analysis and interpretation are discussed. The modeling and analysis of a case study, an international trade negotiation concerning the export of Canadian softwood lumber to the United States, are used to demonstrate the practical application of the Graph Model for Conflict Resolution as a negotiation support tool. The modeling and analysis is carried out using the GMCR software system. The ability of the Graph Model for Conflict Resolution to provide insights and advice to negotiators is emphasized.

Environmental and Health Benefits of Utility-Based Cogeneration in Ontario, Canada

Abstract: The potential environmental benefits of utility-based cogeneration are examined, using the energy system in Ontario, Canada, as a case study. Data are presented regarding fuel cycle emissions, environmental and health effects, and associated economic costs of the existing provincial energy system, as a basis for comparison to a more efficient energy system with utility production of useable steam and hot water. Estimates are presented of reductions in emissions, effects and environmental and health costs that could be achieved by the improved system. Costs associated with mortality, morbidity, lost work days, lost crop yield, lost fish yield and building damage are considered. The analysis suggests that utility cogeneration could reduce these costs by 10 to 45%, depending on the cogeneration scenario.

Decision making under conditions of conflict

Abstract: A real-world application is employed to explain three general types of decision situations that can arise under conditions of conflict. In addition, meaningful connections and relationships among these areas of decision making are clearly pointed out. To permit useful decision technologies to be employed by practitioners for better understanding and for resolving a variety of actual decision problems, a range of flexible decision support systems is discussed. Subsequently, interesting research developments contained in the upcoming sequence of 12 articles on decision making under conflict are summarized and compared. The research articles not only present unique approaches to decision making involving multiple participants, each of whom may have multiple objectives, but suggest a variety of challenging research problems to be investigated in the future.

How Penalty Affects Enforcement of Environmental Regulations under Perfect Detection

Abstract: The ability of environmental regulations to maintain or improve environmental quality is limited by the effectiveness of their enforcement. The essential mechanism of environmental enforcement is the ability of an inspecting agency to issue a control order whenever a violation is detected during monitoring or inspection. The particulars of the control order may reflect the inspection findings; for instance, an operator may be required to cease operations if the detected violation is deemed to be severe.

Resource Teachers in Integrated Children's Centres: Implications for Staff Development.

Abstract: L’integration de jeunes enfants ayant des besoins speciaux dans le systeme educatif en Ontario est facilitee par le travail de “maitres-ressources” (enseignants specialises) qui apportent un soutien precoce a ces enfants, une aide a maitres dans les ecoles materneles normales. L’etude presentee ici examine les competences theoriques et pratiques necessaires a ces “maitres-ressources” dans l’accomplissement de leurs tâches en tant que conseillers, facilitateurs et educateurs. Elle demontre que les “maitres-ressources” et les maitres d’ecole maternelle ont besoin, les une et les autres, d’acquerir des capacites a interagir. Pour cela il faudrait une excellente liaison dans la formation, tant initiale que continue, de chacune de ces categories de personnels. Un programme de developpement est suggere, invitant les instituts universitaires de formation a apporter des ameliorations a leur plan de formation de maniere a ce que toutes les categories d’educateyrs de jeunes enfants soient preparees a leurs tâches diverses et variees.