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Institution

Ryerson University

EducationToronto, Ontario, Canada
About: Ryerson University is a education organization based out in Toronto, Ontario, Canada. It is known for research contribution in the topics: Population & Poison control. The organization has 7671 authors who have published 20164 publications receiving 394976 citations. The organization is also known as: Ryerson Polytechnical Institute & Ryerson Institute of Technology.


Papers
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Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: In this paper, a review of fiber-optic biosensors with a specific focus on fiberoptic sensors is provided, where the authors highlight the importance of optical transducers in the development of the biosensor.
Abstract: A review of biosensor technology with a specific focus on fiber-optic biosensors is provided. With the advent of optical transducers, better electronics, and improved immobilization methods, fiber-optic biosensors are being increasingly applied to industrial process and environmental monitoring, food processing, and clinical applications. The vitality of the fiber-optics-based biosensing can be seen from the growing number of publications. In summary, fiber-optic biosensors will play a significant role in the development of biosensors because they can be easily miniaturized and integrated for the determination of different target compounds. Industrial collaboration is needed to speed up progress from the research bench, to the field-study stage, and finally commercialization.

123 citations

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: In this paper, gaseous ozone was used as a fungicide to preserve stored wheat and the effect of ozonation on germination of the wheat was also studied, and it was shown that ozone was very effective in the inactivation of fungi associated with the wheat.
Abstract: In this study, gaseous ozone was used as a fungicide to preserve stored wheat. The following operating parameters were investigated for their effects on the fungicidal efficacy of ozone: (1) the applied ozone dose; (2) ozonation time; (3) water activity of the wheat; and (4) temperature of the wheat. The effect of ozonation on germination of the wheat was also studied. Experimental results revealed that gaseous ozone was very effective in the inactivation of fungi associated with the wheat. Within 5 min of ozonation, 96.9% of the fungal spores were inactivated by applying 0.33 mg of ozone (g wheat)−1 min−1. It was also found that increases in both water activity and temperature of the wheat enhanced the fungicidal efficacy of ozone. In addition, results of this study indicated that the inactivation processes could be controlled by simply monitoring the ozone exiting from the reactor and, consequently, the time-consuming microbial examination processes could be avoided. This finding would make the application of ozone in the preservation of cereal grains easier, simpler, and more cost-effective. It was also found that although the applied ozone doses above certain thresholds may reduce the germination of wheat, the inactivation of fungi could be achieved using applied ozone doses far below those thresholds. Copyright © 2006 Society of Chemical Industry

123 citations

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: This work represents the first postreconstruction application of material-specific decomposition that directly takes advantage of the K edge characteristics of a contrast material injected into an animal specimen, resulting in automatic, accurate segmentation of 3D micro-CT images into bone, vessel, and tissue components.
Abstract: Micro-CT has become a powerful tool for small animal research, having the ability to obtain high-resolution in vivo and ex vivo images for analyzing bone mineral content, organ vasculature, and bone microarchitecture extraction. The use of exogenous contrast agents further extends the use of micro-CT techniques, but despite advancements in contrast agents, single-energy micro-CT is still limited in cases where two different materials share similar grey-scale intensity values. This study specifically addresses the development of multiple-energy cone-beam micro-CT, for applications where bone must be separated from blood vessels filled with a Pb-based contrast material (Microfil) in ex vivo studies of rodents and tissue specimens. The authors report the implementation of dual- and triple-energy CT algorithms for material-specific imaging using postreconstruction decomposition of micro-CT data; the algorithms were implemented on a volumetric cone-beam micro-CT scanner (GE Locus Ultra). For the dual-energy approach, extrinsic filtration was applied to the x-ray beam to produce spectra with different proportions of x rays above the K edge of Pb. The optimum x-ray tube energies (140 kVp filtered with 1.45 mm Cu and 96 kVp filtered with 0.3 mm Pb) that maximize the contrast between bone and Microfil were determined through numerical simulation. For the triple-energy decomposition, an additional low-energy spectrum (70 kVp, no added filtration) was used. The accuracy of decomposition was evaluated through simulations and experimental verification of a phantom containing a cortical bone simulating material (SB3), Microfil, and acrylic. Using simulations and phantom experiments, an accuracy greater than 95% was achieved in decompositions of bone and Microfil (for noise levels lower than 11 HU), while soft tissue was separated with accuracy better than 99%. The triple-energy technique demonstrated a slightly higher, but not significantly different, decomposition accuracy than the dual-energy technique for the same achieved noise level in the micro-CT images acquired at the multiple energies. The dual-energy technique was applied to the decomposition of an ex vivo rat specimen perfused with Microfil; successful decomposition of the bone and Microfil was achieved, enabling the visualization and characterization of the vasculature both in areas where the vessels traverse soft tissue and when they are surrounded by bone. In comparison, in single energy micro-CT, vessels surrounded by bone could not be distinguished from the cortical bone, based on grey-scale intensity alone. This work represents the first postreconstruction application of material-specific decomposition that directly takes advantage of the K edge characteristics of a contrast material injected into an animal specimen; the application of the technique resulted in automatic, accurate segmentation of 3D micro-CT images into bone, vessel, and tissue components. The algorithm uses only reconstructed images, rather than projection data, and is calibrated by an operator with signal values in regions identified as being comprised entirely of either cortical bone, contrast-enhanced vessel, or soft tissue; these required calibration values are observed directly within reconstructed CT images acquired at the multiple energies. These features facilitate future implementation on existing research micro-CT systems.

123 citations

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: Recent developments and trends on the integration of photochemical and biological processes for the degradation of problematic pollutants in wastewater have been reviewed and it has been shown that the integrated processes were more efficient than individual processes.
Abstract: The greatest challenge of today's wastewater treatment technology is to optimize the use of biological and chemical wastewater treatment processes. The choice of the process and/or integration of the processes depend strongly on the wastewater characteristics, concentrations, and the desired efficiencies. It has been observed by many investigators that the coupling of a bioreactor and advanced oxidation processes (AOPs) could reduce the final concentrations of the effluent to the desired values. However, optimizing the total cost of the treatment is a challenge, as AOPs are much more expensive than biological processes alone. Therefore, an appropriate design should not only consider the ability of this coupling to reduce the concentration of organic pollutants, but also try to obtain the desired results in a cost effective process. To consider the total cost of the treatment, the residence time in biological and photochemical reactors, the kinetic rates, and the capital and operating costs of the reactors play significant roles. In this study, recent developments and trends (1996-2003) on the integration of photochemical and biological processes for the degradation of problematic pollutants in wastewater have been reviewed. The conditions to get the optimum results from this integration have also been considered. In most of the studies, it has been shown that the integrated processes were more efficient than individual processes. However, slight changes in the configuration of the reactors, temperature, pH, treatment time, concentration of the oxidants, and microorganism's colonies could lead to a great deviation in results. It has also been demonstrated that the treatment cost in both reactors is a function of time, which changes by the flow rate. The minimum cost in the coupling of the processes cannot be achieved unless considering the best treatment time in chemical and biological reactors individually.

123 citations

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: Support for scale and factor validity is provided and a three‐factor solution with a reduced set of items was found to be most stable, irrespective of whether the items from each scale are assessed together or separately.
Abstract: Background: The Social Interaction Anxiety Scale and Social Phobia Scale [6] are companion measures for assessing symptoms of social anxiety and social phobia. The scales have good reliability and validity across several samples, [3,6] however, exploratory and confirmatory factor analyses have yielded solutions comprising substantially different item content and factor structures. These discrepancies are likely the result of analyzing items from each scale separately or simultaneously. The current investigation sets out to assess items from those scales, both simultaneously and separately, using exploratory and confirmatory factor analyses in an effort to resolve the factor structure. Methods: Participants consisted of a clinical sample (n5353; 54% women) and an undergraduate sample (n5317; 75% women) who completed the Social Interaction Anxiety Scale and Social Phobia Scale, along with additional fear-related measures to assess convergent and discriminant validity. Results: A three-factor solution with a reduced set of items was found to be most stable, irrespective of whether the items from each scale are assessed together or separately. Items from the Social Interaction Anxiety Scale represented one factor, whereas items from the Social Phobia Scale represented two other factors. Conclusion: Initial support for scale and factor validity, along with implications and recommendations for future research, is provided. Depression and Anxiety 26:E71–E81, 2009. r 2009 Wiley-Liss, Inc.

122 citations


Authors

Showing all 7846 results

NameH-indexPapersCitations
Eleftherios P. Diamandis110106452654
Michael D. Taylor9750542789
Peter Nijkamp97240750826
Anthony B. Miller9341636777
Muhammad Shahbaz92100134170
Rakesh Kumar91195939017
Marc A. Rosen8577030666
Bjorn Ottersten81105828359
Barry Wellman7721934234
Bin Wu7346424877
Xinbin Feng7241319193
Roy Freeman6925422707
Xiaokang Yang6851817663
Amir H. Gandomi6737522192
Konstantinos N. Plataniotis6359516695
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Performance
Metrics
No. of papers from the Institution in previous years
YearPapers
20241
2023240
2022338
20211,773
20201,708
20191,490