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Showing papers by "Saab Automobile AB published in 2011"


Journal ArticleDOI
27 Dec 2011-PLOS ONE
TL;DR: A simple yet very powerful meta-analysis is proposed, which combines a wide panel of methods ranging from Bayesian networks to penalised linear regressions to analyse gene regulatory networks from different genetical genomics data sets and was ranked first among the teams participating in Challenge 3A.
Abstract: Modern technologies and especially next generation sequencing facilities are giving a cheaper access to genotype and genomic data measured on the same sample at once. This creates an ideal situation for multifactorial experiments designed to infer gene regulatory networks. The fifth “Dialogue for Reverse Engineering Assessments and Methods” (DREAM5) challenges are aimed at assessing methods and associated algorithms devoted to the inference of biological networks. Challenge 3 on “Systems Genetics” proposed to infer causal gene regulatory networks from different genetical genomics data sets. We investigated a wide panel of methods ranging from Bayesian networks to penalised linear regressions to analyse such data, and proposed a simple yet very powerful meta-analysis, which combines these inference methods. We present results of the Challenge as well as more in-depth analysis of predicted networks in terms of structure and reliability. The developed meta-analysis was ranked first among the teams participating in Challenge 3A. It paves the way for future extensions of our inference method and more accurate gene network estimates in the context of genetical genomics.

109 citations


Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: An optimization-based adaptive Kalman filtering method that recovers the observations h(x) from a system without a priori knowledge of system dynamics by solving an optimization problem over a short window of data.

104 citations


Proceedings ArticleDOI
30 Nov 2011
TL;DR: Examination of the issues regarding EV HMI through a study that evaluates two different concepts for an EV instrument cluster finds that participants had problems understanding the EV specific information content independent of concepts, even though they considered the information shown to be the right one.
Abstract: The dissemination of electric vehicles (EVs) is an important step towards a more sustainable transport system, but barriers to adoption persist. Much effort and resources are put into solving battery technology related issues and progress is made continuously. There remain however important matters that have not been equally discussed; the design of user interfaces and human-machine interaction (HMI) of EVs is one.This paper seeks to examine a few of the issues regarding EV HMI through a study that evaluates two different concepts for an EV instrument cluster in order to develop knowledge on (i) what information is relevant to present to the driver of an EV and (ii) how that information should be presented; innovatively or in a more familiar way. Two consecutive user tests, according to a between-subject procedure, were used to test two concepts in a driving simulator. Ten participants, with little or no experience of driving an electric or a hybrid electric vehicle, tested each concept. The participants were asked to drive the EV simulator and to interact with the user interface while different events were triggered, designed so that the participants would experience several of the situations that might appear when driving an EV for a longer period of time. Data was gathered through objective measurements, e.g. time, number if errors etc., as well as through questionnaires and interviewsThe results show that participants had problems understanding the EV specific information content independent of concepts, even though they considered the information shown to be the right one. Both concepts had advantages and disadvantages, most notably that participants expected the vehicle to work like a conventional car when the interface was traditional and that they felt insecure when the interface was innovative.Some of the discovered problems can be attributed to the participants' lack of knowledge and useful mental concepts regarding electricity and batteries, which made understanding the information difficult. More research on how to support EV drivers through design of the HMI given these deficiencies is needed.

52 citations


Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: This paper presents here a navigation framework that requires no additional hardware than the already existing naval radar sensor and shows that visual radar features can be used to accurately estimate the vessel trajectory over an extensive data set.
Abstract: A vessel navigating in a critical environment such as an archipelago requires very accurate movement estimates. Intentional or unintentional jamming makes GPS unreliable as the only source of information and an additional independent supporting navigation system should be used. In this paper, we suggest estimating the vessel movements using a sequence of radar images from the preexisting body-fixed radar. Island landmarks in the radar scans are tracked between multiple scans using visual features. This provides information not only about the position of the vessel but also of its course and velocity. We present here a navigation framework that requires no additional hardware than the already existing naval radar sensor. Experiments show that visual radar features can be used to accurately estimate the vessel trajectory over an extensive data set.

50 citations



Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: A probabilistic method to compute the near mid-air collision risk as a function of predicted flight trajectory is proposed, which through sound geometric and numerical approximations yields a solution suitable for real-time implementations.
Abstract: We propose a probabilistic method to compute the near mid-air collision risk as a function of predicted flight trajectory. The computations use state estimate and covariance from a target tracking filter based on angle-only sensors such as digital video cameras. The majority of existing work is focused on risk estimation at a certain time instant. Here we derive an expression for the integrated risk over the critical time horizon. This is possible using probability for level-crossing, and the expression applies to a three-dimensional piecewise straight flight trajectory. The Monte Carlo technique provides a method to compute the probability, but a huge number of simulations is needed to get sufficient reliability for the small risks that the applications require. Instead we propose a method which through sound geometric and numerical approximations yields a solution suitable for real-time implementations. The algorithm is applied to realistic angle-only tracking data, and shows promising results when compared with the Monte Carlo solution.

20 citations


Proceedings ArticleDOI
30 Jun 2011
TL;DR: In this paper, the authors point out why a considerable effort has been made to migrate models from Modelica and Dymola as part of the means for model based system engineering (MBSE).
Abstract: Saab Aeronautics has chosen Modelica and Dymola as part of the means for model based system engineering (MBSE). This paper will point out why a considerable effort has been made to migrate models f ...

18 citations


Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: The overall objective for the Operations Intent and Effects Model is to support operational and simulated systems by a conceptual intent and effects model and a formalism that is human and machine interpretable.
Abstract: Military missions in the 21st century are characterized by combinations of traditional symmetric conventional warfare, irregular warfare, and operations other than war.The inherent uncertainty in an actual mission and the variety of potential organizations (e.g. multi-agency, non-governmental, private volunteer, international, international corporations) from several countries that support the mission makes collaboration and co-ordination a key capability for command and control. The ability to communicate and automatically process intent and effects is vital in order for a commander to cooperate with other organizations and agencies and lead subordinates in such a way that the overall mission is completed in the best possible way, including exploitation of fleeting opportunities, i.e. enable for self-synchronization amongst teams and allow for subordinate initiatives. However, intent and effects are often absent in the current and forthcoming digitalized information models, and if intent and effects are present it is likely to be found that the representations are made as free-text fields based on natural language. However, such messages are very difficult to disambiguate, particularly for automated machine systems. The overall objective for the Operations Intent and Effects Model is to support operational and simulated systems by a conceptual intent and effects model and a formalism that is human and machine interpretable.

16 citations


Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: In this article, a new method is presented for the optimisation of force distribution for combined traction/braking and cornering, which is addressed as a quadratically constrained linear programming (QCLP) problem.
Abstract: In this paper, a new method is presented for the optimisation of force distribution for combined traction/braking and cornering. In order to provide a general, simple and flexible problem formulation, the optimisation is addressed as a quadratically constrained linear programming (QCLP) problem. Apart from fast numerical solutions, different driveline configurations can be included in the QCLP problem in a very straightforward fashion. The optimisation of the distribution of the individual wheel forces using the quasi-steady-state assumption is known to be useful for the study of the influence of particular driveline configurations on the combined lateral and longitudinal grip envelope of a particular vehicle–driveline configuration. The addition of the QCLP problem formulation makes another powerful tool available to the vehicle dynamics analyst to perform such studies.

16 citations


Proceedings ArticleDOI
16 Oct 2011
TL;DR: In this paper, a UML Profile is defined to capture all information needed for estimation of code size, and a tool for automated estimation of Code Size based on CFP is developed.
Abstract: Accurate estimation of Software Code Size is important for developing cost-efficient embedded systems. The Code Size affects the amount of system resources needed, like ROM and RAM memory, and processing capacity. In our previous work, we have estimated the Code Size based on CFP (COSMIC Function Points) within 15% accuracy, with the purpose of deciding how much ROM memory to fit into products with high cost pressure. Our manual CFP measurement process would require 2,5 man years to estimate the ROM size required in a typical car. In this paper, we want to investigate how the manual effort involved in estimation of Code Size can be minimized. We define a UML Profile capturing all information needed for estimation of Code Size, and develop a tool for automated estimation of Code Size based on CFP. A case study will show how UML models save manual effort in a realistic case.

16 citations


Proceedings ArticleDOI
03 Nov 2011
TL;DR: This paper shows how a tool for automated estimation of Code Size based on the UMLProfile, designed to permit Code Size estimation based on other UML diagrams than components, is developed.
Abstract: Accurate estimation of Software Code Size isimportant for developing cost-efficient embedded systems. TheCode Size affects the amount of system resources needed, likeROM and RAM memory, and processing capacity. In ourprevious work, we have estimated the Code Size based on CFP (COSMIC Function Points) within 15% accuracy, with thepurpose of deciding how much ROM memory to fit intoproducts with high cost pressure. Central in that work is themapping between CFP and the information available early inthe development process. We have previously defined a UMLProfile capturing the information needed for CFPmeasurement and estimation of Code Size. The key idea was toextend UML components to contain all the necessaryinformation. In this paper, we show how we developed a toolfor automated estimation of Code Size based on our UMLProfile. The tool is designed to permit Code Size estimationbased on other UML diagrams than components. A case studyevaluates the UML Profile and the tool in a realistic case.

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: A solution to the simultaneous localisation and mapping (SLAM) problem using a camera and inertial sensors is presented and the approach is based on the maximum a posteriori (MAP) estimate.

Proceedings ArticleDOI
TL;DR: Saab Underwater Systems is in the process of developing a hovering Hybrid AUV/ROV system to remotely perform IMR without or strongly reduced need for a supporting ship as discussed by the authors.
Abstract: Increasing use and complexity of subsea installations has put focus on the costs of maintaining these systems. In addition, access to these systems is sometimes limited by adverse weather and ice conditions. Conventional methods for intervention, maintenance and repair (IMR) using surface ships and ROVs are very expensive furthermore are response and mobilization times slow. To address this Saab Underwater Systems is in the process of developing a hovering Hybrid AUV/ROV system to remotely perform IMR without or strongly reduced need for a supporting ship. This system is based on the Double Eagle SAROV, a hovering Hybrid AUV/ROV in production for the military market and proven components from Saab Seaeye ROV product range.

Patent
01 Mar 2011
TL;DR: In this paper, a vehicle hood hinge assembly (100), consisting of a hinge linkage mechanism adapted to fasten a hood (104) of a vehicle (102) to a body of a VANET while permitting movement of the hood in a first direction between an open and a closed position as seen in relation to the body of the vehicle, was presented.
Abstract: A vehicle hood hinge assembly (100), comprising: a hinge linkage mechanism adapted to fasten a hood (104) of a vehicle (102) to a body of a vehicle (102) while permitting movement of the hood (104) in a first direction between an open and a closed position as seen in relation to the body of the vehicle, the vehicle hood hinge assembly further comprising: a link element (220) adapted to be arranged between the hood (104) and the hinge linkage mechanism; and a damping element (222) arranged between the hinge linkage mechanism and the link element (220), said damping element (222) being configured to maintain the link element (220) in a fixed position in relation to the hinge linkage mechanism during normal operation of the hood (104), and further configured to permit movement of the hood (104) in a second direction in the case of a collision with a pedestrian or similar object detected by a sensor system, wherein said movement in the second direction is limited by said damping element (222).

Proceedings ArticleDOI
30 Aug 2011
TL;DR: In this paper, the evaporation of different fuels and fuel components in hollow-cone sprays at conditions similar to those at stratified cold start has been investigated using a combination of planar laser-induced fluorescence (LIF) and Mie scattering.
Abstract: The evaporation of different fuels and fuel components in hollow-cone sprays at conditions similar to those at stratified cold start has been investigated using a combination of planar laser-induced fluorescence (LIF) and Mie scattering. Ketones of different volatility were used as fluorescent tracers for different fuel components in gasoline-like model fuels and ethanol-based fuels. LIF and Mie images were compared to evaluate to what extent various fuel components had evaporated and obtained a spatial distribution different from that of the liquid drops, as a function of fuel temperature and time after start of injection. A selective and sequential evaporation of fuel components of different volatility was found.


Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: In this work the methods for computing the lateral grip margin for a general drive force distribution are developed for four special cases; front- wheel drive, rear-wheel drive, rigid all-wheelDrive; and finally, an optimal front/rearDrive force distribution.
Abstract: The increased control potential in all-wheel drive vehicles enables the vehicle to maintain understeer characteristics from the linear tire range up to the grip limit. This provides consistent feedback to the driver over a wider range of operating conditions than for two-wheel drive vehicles. In order to aid the development of current and emerging driveline systems, the authors see a need for improved theory and methods (numerical and graphical) describing the influence of drive force distribution on these said factors. In this work the methods for computing the lateral grip margin for a general drive force distribution are developed for four special cases; front-wheel drive, rear-wheel drive, rigid all-wheel drive; and finally, an optimal front/rear drive force distribution.

Patent
11 Feb 2011
TL;DR: In this paper, the authors proposed a method for measuring isolation of an electrical system in a vehicle, the system comprising an AC/DC inverter (2), an AC motor (3), and an energy storage system (1), the ESS having a positive bus (16) and a negative bus (17) connectable to a first and second terminal (4, 5) of the DC-side of the inverter, respectively, a charging resistor (25), connectable in series with ESS during charging of a capacitance (30), and a discharge resistor (26
Abstract: A method for measuring isolation of an electrical system in a vehicle, the system comprising an AC/DC inverter (2), an AC motor (3), and an energy storage system (1), the ESS having a positive bus (16) and a negative bus (17) connectable to a first and second terminal (4, 5) of the DC-side of the inverter, respectively, a charging resistor (25), connectable in series with the ESS during charging of a capacitance (30) of the inverter, and a discharge resistor (26) connectable between said first and second terminals for discharge of said capacitance (30). The method comprises connecting said discharge resistor (26) between said first and second terminals (4, 5), connecting one bus (16 or 17) of said ESS to one of said first and second terminals (4, 5), and conducting an isolation measurement of said ESS. According to this method, an isolation measurement can be performed for the entire electrical system, i.e. the energy storage system, the motor, and the inverter, also before system start-up and post drive, i.e. when the inverter is deactivated and not in high voltage mode.



Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: In this article, the wave scattering experiment is more closely related to the wave parameters (wave number and wave impedance) than to the material parameters (permittivity and permeability).
Abstract: [1] The effective properties of a composite material can be computed from knowledge of the component materials and the geometry of the microstructure. To verify these results at a certain frequency, wave scattering experiments can be performed, where typically reflection and transmission data are recorded and subsequently analyzed in a theoretical scattering model to extract material data. In this paper, we show that the wave scattering experiment is more closely related to the wave parameters (wave number and wave impedance), than to the material parameters (permittivity and permeability). We focus on anisotropic materials, demonstrate a method to extract the effective permittivity of such materials, and show the importance of knowledge of the anisotropy direction in order to interpret the data.

Proceedings ArticleDOI
01 Dec 2011
TL;DR: This paper discusses the possibility to suppress interference for wideband multiple-input-multiple-output (MIMO) radar, using only the temporal properties of the signals, and discusses two optimization approaches: one alternating and one joint algorithm.
Abstract: In this paper, we discuss the possibility to suppress interference for wideband multiple-input-multiple-output (MIMO) radar, using only the temporal properties of the signals. The idea is to use tunable filters each connected to a wideband waveform generator, and to derive the optimal power spectral density (PSD) of the resulting signals in a known environment. The metric used to evaluate the enhancement in the system performance is the signal-to-noise and interference ratio (SNIR), from which the optimal transmit and receive filter properties are derived. We discuss two optimization approaches: one alternating and one joint algorithm. Each method is separated into two cases: for a total power constraint and for an individual power constraint on the transmit filters, respectively. Numerical validation illustrates the possibility to suppress the interference in the temporal domain, without actually forming a spatial null in the direction of the interference.

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: In this article, a novel dual-polarization fiber laser is proposed by incorporating a distributed feedback grating inscribed in a twin-hole fiber with internal electrodes, achieving a spectral separation of 42 pm.
Abstract: A novel dual-polarization fiber laser is proposed by incorporating a distributed feedback grating inscribed in a twin-hole fiber with internal electrodes. Dual-polarization lasing is achieved with a spectral separation of ~42 pm. By beating the optical waves at a photodiode, a microwave signal at ~5.244 GHz is achieved with a signal-to-noise ratio ~45 dB. An electrically tuned microwave signal with a tunable range of 150 MHz is demonstrated.

Proceedings Article
11 Apr 2011
TL;DR: In this article, uncertainties for calibration of SGH from measured directivity and estimated loss have been shown together with uncertainties for the gain transfer method on a compact antenna test range on a test range.
Abstract: Uncertainties for calibration of SGH from measured directivity and estimated loss has been shown together with uncertainties for the gain transfer method on a compact antenna test range.

Proceedings ArticleDOI
01 Nov 2011
TL;DR: The paper shows how the prediction capability of the Forward-Wait framework can be derived and used to predict the routing performance in different scenarios and a variety of network sizes.
Abstract: Performing large scale physical experiments to evaluate the packet delivery ratio, latency, and resource utilization in mobile ad hoc networks is a costly and difficult exercise. A more cost-effective method of performing trade-off studies in connection with protocol evaluations is simulation. However, simulations are often time consuming and require a detailed description of a given scenario's mobility and topology. A more general approach for scalability and performance studies is the use of abstract models of behavior in networks of mobile nodes. This paper illustrates the power of such a model by illustrating the prediction capability of the Forward-Wait framework with respect to the routing performance of geographic delay-tolerant routing. The Forward-Wait mathematical framework describes packet movements as a sequence of alternating forwarding and waiting phases. Key input parameters to the Forward-Wait framework are distributions describing the forwarding and waiting phases, and the source destination distance. The paper shows how these distributions can be derived and used to predict the routing performance in different scenarios and a variety of network sizes.

27 Oct 2011
TL;DR: How to provide an exhaustive statistics for practical measurements system in the case of information fusion is presented and is done either on Information Matrix form or based on a Taylor series expansion of the measurement in time or space.
Abstract: The aim of MPEG (Multi-Platforms Emitter Geolocation) is to use several measurements Angle Of Arrival (AOA) or Time Of Arrival/Frequency Of Arrival (TOA/FOA) from different Electronic Support Measures (ESM) platforms to determine an accurate emitter location. Sensors are geographically dispersed, and to combine the information that they acquire requires the information to be communicated to some location(s) where the data integration process occurs. The data link between the ESM platforms is expected to permit only very low data rates with a high latency. This means that the platforms can only exchange very restricted amounts of data. A potentially optimal way to compress the information when the measurements are noisy is to extract from the measurements an exhaustive statistic that summarizes all the information content at the local ESM. How to provide an exhaustive statistics for practical measurements system in the case of information fusion is presented. It is done either on Information Matrix form or based on a Taylor series expansion of the measurement in time or space.

27 Oct 2011
TL;DR: This paper focuses on discussing how the sensitivity can be improved using antenna gain or signal processing.
Abstract: Angle of arrival (AOA), time of arrival (TOA) and frequency of arrival (FOA) can be measured for a signal from multiple platforms. By combining such measurements it is possible to obtain high accuracy emitter position estimates. This requires a data link with low latency and sufficient data-rate and synchronization of the platforms in space, time and search pattern. Typically several of the platforms will have to make their measurements in the radar sidelobes which requires very high receiver sensitivity. This paper focuses on discussing how the sensitivity can be improved using antenna gain or signal processing.