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10 Sep 1993TL;DR: In this article, a split exhaust flow system for a multi-cylinder internal combustion engine with an exhaust-driven supercharger of the turbocompressor type is presented, where each cylinder of the engine has both a first exhaust valve and a second exhaust collector common to the cylinders.
Abstract: Exhaust flow system for a split exhaust flow in a multi-cylinder internal combustion engine (3) fitted with an exhaust-driven supercharger (2) of the turbocompressor type, whose exhaust system incorporates a catalytic exhaust cleaner (58; 58'), where each cylinder of the engine has both a first exhaust valve (51), from which released exhaust gas is fed to a first exhaust collector (53) common to the cylinders, which collector is connected directly to the exhaust turbine inlet by a first exhaust branch pipe (54), and a second exhaust valve (52), from which released exhaust gas is fed to an exhaust pipe (56), which incorporates a silencer (61). At least one valve (50) adjustable according to the operating conditions of the engine (3), is arranged downstream from the second exhaust valves (52) of the cylinders, in their connection (59, 55, 57) to the exhaust pipe (56) between the exhaust turbine outlet (20) and the silencer (61).
25 citations
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TL;DR: In this paper, a geometry-based stochastic MIMO channel model with support for frequencies in the band of 5.2-6.2 GHz is presented, based on extensive high-resolution measurements at different road intersections in the city of Berlin, Germany.
Abstract: Vehicle-to-vehicle (V2V) wireless communications can improve traffic safety at road intersections and enable congestion avoidance. However, detailed knowledge about the wireless propagation channel is needed for the development and realistic assessment of V2V communication systems. We present a novel geometry-based stochastic MIMO channel model with support for frequencies in the band of 5.2–6.2 GHz. The model is based on extensive high-resolution measurements at different road intersections in the city of Berlin, Germany. We extend existing models, by including the effects of various obstructions, higher order interactions, and by introducing an angular gain function for the scatterers. Scatterer locations have been identified and mapped to measured multi-path trajectories using a measurement-based ray tracing method and a subsequent RANSAC algorithm. The developed model is parameterized, and using the measured propagation paths that have been mapped to scatterer locations, model parameters are estimated. The time variant power fading of individual multi-path components is found to be best modeled by a Gamma process with an exponential autocorrelation. The path coherence distance is estimated to be in the range of 0–2 m. The model is also validated against measurement data, showing that the developed model accurately captures the behavior of the measured channel gain, Doppler spread, and delay spread. This is also the case for intersections that have not been used when estimating model parameters.
25 citations
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04 Dec 2002TL;DR: An antenna device in a radar-based level gauge mounted at an opening in a roof of a tank, the antenna device comprising at least one elongated radiating structure, which has a length that is substantially larger, preferably more than 3-5 times longer, than a maximum cross-sectional length dimension of the opening, is configured and fed to produce an essentially vertical radiation beam directed downwards in the tank.
Abstract: An antenna device in a radar-based level gauge mounted at an opening in a roof of a tank, the antenna device comprising at least one elongated radiating structure, which has a length that is substantially larger, preferably more than 3-5 times longer, than a maximum cross-sectional length dimension of the opening; is oriented in a non-vertical position; and is configured and fed to produce an essentially vertical radiation beam directed downwards in the tank. Preferably, the antenna device is foldable and is inserted into the tank through the opening and oriented in the non-vertical position by means of folding the radiating structure.
25 citations
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TL;DR: Using a visual analytics process model as a framework, VISAD is presented, an interactive, visual knowledge discovery tool for supporting the detection and identification of anomalous behavior in maritime traffic data and the detection procedure becomes transparent to the user, which increases his/her confidence and trust in the system and overall, in the whole discovery process.
Abstract: Monitoring the surveillance of large sea areas normally involves the analysis of huge quantities of heterogeneous
data from multiple sources (radars, cameras, automatic identification systems, reports, etc.). The rapid
identification of anomalous behavior or any threat activity in the data is an important objective for enabling
homeland security. While it is worth acknowledging that many existing mining applications support identification
of anomalous behavior, autonomous anomaly detection systems are rarely used in the real world. There
are two main reasons: (1) the detection of anomalous behavior is normally not a well-defined and structured
problem and therefore, automatic data mining approaches do not work well and (2) the difficulties that these
systems have regarding the representation and employment of the prior knowledge that the users bring to their
tasks. In order to overcome these limitations, we believe that human involvement in the entire discovery process
is crucial.
Using a visual analytics process model as a framework, we present VISAD: an interactive, visual knowledge
discovery tool for supporting the detection and identification of anomalous behavior in maritime traffic data.
VISAD supports the insertion of human expert knowledge in (1) the preparation of the system, (2) the establishment
of the normal picture and (3) in the actual detection of rare events. For each of these three modules,
VISAD implements different layers of data mining, visualization and interaction techniques. Thus, the detection
procedure becomes transparent to the user, which increases his/her confidence and trust in the system and
overall, in the whole discovery process.
25 citations
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TL;DR: In this paper, the reactivity and reaction kinetics of particulate matter (PM) from direct injected gasoline (GDI) engines has been studied by O2 and NO2 based temperature programmed and isothermal step-response experiments, and the PM nano-structure has been characterized using HRTEM.
Abstract: The reactivity and reaction kinetics of particulate matter (PM) from direct injected gasoline (GDI) engines has been studied by O2 and NO2 based temperature programmed and isothermal step-response experiments, and the PM nano-structure has been characterized using HRTEM The reactivity of the PM samples collected in filters during on-road driving was found to increase in the following order: Printex U\diesel\gasoline PI & gasoline DI\ethanol for O2 based combustion The activation energies for O2 and NO2 based oxidation of PM collected from a GDI engine in an engine bench set-up was estimated to 146 and 71 kJ/mol respectively, which is comparable to corresponding values reported for diesel and model soot Similar nano-structure features (crystallites plane dimensions, curvature and relative orientation) as observed for diesel soot were observed for gasoline PM
25 citations
Authors
Showing all 760 results
Name | H-index | Papers | Citations |
---|---|---|---|
Christer Larsson | 64 | 272 | 12916 |
Björn Johansson | 62 | 637 | 16030 |
David C. Viano | 48 | 232 | 8283 |
Thomas Schiex | 47 | 138 | 11031 |
Robin Hanson | 28 | 114 | 3519 |
Per Lötstedt | 28 | 109 | 2960 |
Brigitte Mangin | 26 | 48 | 2652 |
Lars Hanson | 19 | 117 | 1138 |
Carl Gustafson | 17 | 34 | 1035 |
Magnus Carlsson | 16 | 37 | 808 |
Per-Johan Nordlund | 14 | 26 | 2738 |
David Allouche | 14 | 26 | 680 |
Mark A. Saab | 13 | 16 | 1153 |
Andreas Gällström | 13 | 34 | 402 |
Hans Hellsten | 12 | 37 | 549 |