Showing papers by "Saint Anselm College published in 2016"

Mobile Spectroscopic Instrumentation in Archaeometry Research.

Abstract: Mobile instrumentation is of growing importance to archaeometry research. Equipment is utilized in the field or at museums, thus avoiding transportation or risk of damage to valuable artifacts. Many spectroscopic techniques are nondestructive and micro-destructive in nature, which preserves the cultural heritage objects themselves. This review includes over 160 references pertaining to the use of mobile spectroscopy for archaeometry. Following a discussion of terminology related to mobile instrumental methods, results of a literature survey on their applications for cultural heritage objects is presented. Sections devoted to specific techniques are then provided: Raman spectroscopy, X-ray fluorescence spectrometry, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, laser-induced breakdown spectroscopy, and less frequently used techniques. The review closes with a discussion of combined instrumental approaches.

Constraining polarized foregrounds for eor experiments. i. 2d Power Spectra from the Paper-32 Imaging ArraY

Abstract: Current-generation low frequency interferometers constructed with the objective of detecting the high-redshift 21 cm background, aim to generate power spectra of the brightness-temperature contrast of neutral hydrogen in primordial intergalactic medium. Two-dimensional power spectra (power in Fourier modes parallel and perpendicular to the line of sight) formed from interferometric visibilities have been shown to delineate a boundary between spectrally-smooth foregrounds (known as the wedge) and spectrally-structured 21 cm background emission (the EoR-window). However, polarized foregrounds are known to possess spectral structure due to Faraday rotation, which can leak into the EoR window. In this work, we create and analyze 2D power spectra from the PAPER-32 imaging array in Stokes I, Q, U and V. These allow us to observe and diagnose systematic effects in our calibration at high signal-to-noise within the Fourier space most relevant to EoR experiments. We observe well-defined windows in the Stokes visibilities, with Stokes Q, U and V power spectra sharing a similar wedge shape to that seen in Stokes I. With modest polarization calibration, we see no evidence that polarization calibration errors move power outside the wedge in any Stokes visibility, to the noise levels attained. Deeper integrations will be required to confirm that this behavior persists to the depth required for EoR detection.

Selected abstracts from the Breastfeeding and Feminism International Conference 2016

Abstract: Table of contentsA1. Infant feeding and poverty: a public health perspective in a global contextLisa H. AmirA2. Mothers’ experiences with galactagogues for lactation: an exploratory cross sectional studyAlessandra Bazzano, Shelley Thibeau, Katherine P. TheallA3. The motherhood journey and breastfeeding: from self-efficacy to resilience and social stigmaAnna Blair, Karin CadwellA4. Breastfeeding as an evolutionary adaptive behaviorEmily A. BronsonA5. Conflict-of-interest in public health policy: as real as that logo on your websiteElizabeth C. BrooksA6. Co-opting sisterhood and motherhood: behind the scenes of Similac’s aggressive social media campaignsJodine ChaseA7. The exclusion of women from the definition of exclusive breastfeedingEllen Chetwynd, Rebecca Costello, Kathryn WoukA8. Healthy maternity policies in the workplace: a state health department’s experience with the “Bring Your Infant to Work” programLindsey Dermid-GrayA9. Implications for a paradigm shift: factors related to breastfeeding among African American womenStephanie Devane-Johnson, Cheryl Woods Giscombe, Miriam LabbokA10. Social experiences of breastfeeding: building bridges between research and policy: an ESRC-funded seminar series in the UKSally DowlingA11. Manager’s perspectives of lactation breaksMelanie FraserA12. The challenging second night: a dialogue from two perspectivesJane Grassley, Deborah McCarter-Spaulding, Becky SpencerA13. The role of lactation consultants in two council breastfeeding services in Melbourne, Australia – some preliminary impressionsJennifer Hocking, Pranee LiamputtongA14. Integrating social marketing and community engagement concepts in community breastfeeding programsSheree H. Keitt, Harumi Reis-ReillyA15. What happens before and after the maternity stay? Creating a community-wide Ten Steps approachMiriam LabbokA16. #RVABREASTFEEDS: cultivating a breastfeeding-friendly communityLeslie LytleA17. Public health vs. free trade: a longitudinal analysis of a global policy to protect breastfeedingMary Ann MerzA18. Legislative advocacy and grassroots organizing for improved breastfeeding laws in VirginiaKate NoonA19. Breastfeeding and the rights of incarcerated womenKrista M OlsonA20. Barriers and support for Puerto Rican breastfeeding working mothersAna M. Parrilla-Rodríguez, José J. Gorrín-Peralta Melissa Pellicier, Zeleida M. Vázquez-RiveraA21. Pumping at work: a daily struggle for Puerto Rican breastfeeding mothers in spite of the lawMelissa PellicierA22. “I saw a wrong and I wanted to stand up for what I thought was right:” a narrative study on becoming a breastfeeding activistJennifer L. PembertonA23. Peer breastfeeding support: advocacy and actionCatherine McEvilly PestlA24. Good intentions: a study of breastfeeding intention and postpartum realities among first-time Central Brooklyn mothersJennifer Pierre, Philip Noyes, Khushbu Srivastava, Sharon Marshall-TaylorA25. Women describing the infant feeding choice: the impact of the WIC breastfeeding classes on infant feeding practices in Ionia, MichiganJennifer Proto, Sarah Hyland Laurie BrinksA26. Local and state programs and national partnership to reduce disparities through community breastfeeding supportHarumi Reis-Reilly, Martelle Esposito, Megan PhillippiA27. Beyond black breastfeeding week: instagram image content analysis for #blackwomendobreastfeed/#bwdbfCynthia L. Sears, Delores James, Cedric Harville, Kristina CarswellA28. Stakeholder views of breastfeeding education in the K-12 environment: a review of the literatureNicola Singletary, L. Suzanne Goodell, April FoglemanA29. “The Breastfeeding Transition”: a framework for explaining changes in global breastfeeding rates as related to large-scale forces shaping the status of womenPaige Hall SmithA30. Breastfeeding, contraception, and ethics, oh my! Advocacy and informed decision-making in the post-partum periodAlison M. Stuebe, Amy G. Bryant, Anne Drapkin LyerlyA31. A hard day’s night: juggling nighttime breastfeeding, sleep, and workCecilia TomoriA32. Empowering change in Indian country through breastfeeding educationAmanda L. Watkins, Joan E. DodgsonA33. Servants and “Little Mothers” take charge: work, class, and breastfeeding rates in the early 20th-century U.S.Jacqueline H. Wolf

Local Economic Impacts of Coal Mining in the United States 1870 to 1970

Abstract: This article expands upon the current “resource curse” literature by using newly collected county data, spanning over a century, to capture the short- and long-run effects of coal mining activity. It provides evidence that increased levels of coal production had positive net impacts on county-level population and manufacturing activity over an initial ten-year span, which become negative over the subsequent decades. The results provide evidence that any existence of a “resource curse” on local areas due to coal mining is a long-run phenomenon, and in the short run there are potential net benefits.

Self-Regulatory Strategies in Daily Life: Selection, Optimization, and Compensation and Everyday Memory Problems

Abstract: The effective use of self-regulatory strategies, such as selection, optimization, and compensation (SOC) requires resources. However, it is theorized that SOC use is most advantageous for those experiencing losses and diminishing resources. The present study explored this seeming paradox within the context of limitations or constraints due to aging, low cognitive resources, and daily stress in relation to everyday memory problems. We examined whether SOC usage varied by age and level of constraints, and if the relationship between resources and memory problems was mitigated by SOC usage. A daily diary paradigm was used to explore day-to-day fluctuations in these relationships. Participants (n=145, ages 22 to 94) completed a baseline interview and a daily diary for seven consecutive days. Multilevel models examined between- and within-person relationships between daily SOC use, daily stressors, cognitive resources, and everyday memory problems. Middle-aged adults had the highest SOC usage, although older adults also showed high SOC use if they had high cognitive resources. More SOC strategies were used on high stress compared to low stress days. Moreover, the relationship between daily stress and memory problems was buffered by daily SOC use, such that on high-stress days, those who used more SOC strategies reported fewer memory problems than participants who used fewer SOC strategies. The paradox of resources and SOC use can be qualified by the type of resource-limitation. Deficits in global resources were not tied to SOC usage or benefits. Conversely, under daily constraints tied to stress, the use of SOC increased and led to fewer memory problems.

The obesity pay gap: gender, body size, and wage inequalities—a longitudinal study of Chinese adults, 1991–2011

Abstract: Sociocultural values promoting Western body-type ideals have proliferated over the past 20 years. An important question is whether the same obesity wage penalties seen in the United States, such as wage reductions for obese individuals, are emerging in China as ideals of beauty change to reflect Western ones. We hypothesize that Westernisation will exacerbate the impact of body size on wages for years to come, particularly for urban non-manual workers whose workplaces call for extensive interpersonal relations with employers, colleagues, and customers. This study examines the economic outcomes for individuals aged 18–55, focusing on 6600 female and 8488 male participants in the longitudinal 1991–2011 China Health and Nutrition Survey. Linear fixed-effects regression models estimate the net effect of body mass index (BMI) on wages, as well as the marginal effect of BMI on wages, by survey year. All analyses control for demographic backgrounds and household fixed effects, and are stratified by gender. The results show that normal-weight women with non-manual jobs in 2011 made 2.79–2.95 times more than they had in 1991, while overweight women made 2.66–2.76 times more, and obese women made only 2.57–2.63 times more. The results also indicate that women with non-manual jobs have been subject to wage disparities since 2000. Specifically, the wage disparity for heavier women living in urban areas with non-manual jobs increased significantly after 2000, while current male obesity rates may have been propelled by social acceptance of larger body sizes among men, particularly for manual workers living in rural areas.

Human Trafficking and Modern-Day Slavery

Abstract: Subject to minimum number of bookings. Please note lunch is not provided. Drink refreshments will be provided. Free onsite car parking is available at this venue. This flyer was compiled in May 2019 and all reasonable care has been taken to ensure its accuracy. We cannot guarantee that all events will be available exactly as described; it may be necessary to vary the content or availability. Information on fees detailed in this flyer was correct at this date. Human Trafficking and Modern-Day Slavery

Planning for Deactivation of Implantable Cardioverter Defibrillators at the End of Life in Patients With Heart Failure.

Abstract: Implantable cardioverter defibrillators (ICDs) may be burdensome in end-stage heart failure. At the end of life, as many as one-fifth to one-third of patients experience an ICD shock. Critical care nurses should be aware of the potential burden of these shocks at the end of life as well as the ethics and organizational policies surrounding ICD deactivation. This literature review examines the issues surrounding ICD therapy at the end of life. Based on this author's findings, recommendations for discussing and implementing ICD deactivation are offered. Health care organizations should have clear policies addressing ICD deactivation to provide for seamless integration of palliative care services throughout the course of heart failure. These policies should empower nurses to activate resources in a timely manner and should clearly outline processes for ICD deactivation.

Characterization of Roman glass tesserae from the Coriglia excavation site (Italy) via energy-dispersive X-ray fluorescence spectrometry and Raman spectroscopy

Abstract: The combined use of handheld energy-dispersive X-ray fluorescence spectrometry, Raman spectroscopy, and micro-energy-dispersive X-ray fluorescence spectrometry permitted the characterization of Roman glass tesserae excavation from the Coriglia (Italy) archeological site. Analyses of ten different glass colors were conducted as spot analyses on intact samples and as both spot analyses and line scans on select cross-sectioned samples. The elemental and molecular information gained from these spectral measurements allowed for the qualitative chemical characterization of the bulk glass, decolorants, opacifiers, and coloring agents. The use of an antimony opacifier in many of the samples supports the late Imperial phasing as determined through numismatic, fresco, ceramics, and architectural evidence. And dealinization of the exterior glass layers caused by the burial environment was confirmed.

Not without My Mommy: The New Woman's Mother Figure in Irmgard Keun's Novels Gilgi—eine von uns (1931) and Das kunstseidene Mädchen (1932)

Abstract: This study puts forward the theory that the most significant influence on the New Woman’s success and the direction she chooses in life is her relationship with her mother. While scholars typically consider political and socioeconomic factors, and especially the media phenomenon of the era, when setting out to explain the emergence of the New Woman, this essay will demonstrate—via an analysis of Irmgard Keun’s novels Gilgi – eine von uns (1931) and Das kunstseidene Madchen (1932)—that the New Woman seeks to understand her mother’s position and the decisions she has made in life to better guide her own.

Random walks with fractally correlated traps: Stretched exponential and power-law survival kinetics.

Abstract: We consider the survival probability f(t) of a random walk with a constant hopping rate w on a host lattice of fractal dimension d and spectral dimension d_{s}≤2, with spatially correlated traps. The traps form a sublattice with fractal dimension d_{a}

Queer Sonorities: Sound as Persuasion in Gertrude Stein’s Tender Buttons

Abstract: This essay considers the feminist implications of Gertrude Stein’s sonic devices in the extended prose poem Tender Buttons, a study in persuasive sound that avoids the foreclosures of semantics and grammar through the ephemerality of sound. Situating domestic space and its conversational tones as the sonic context in which Stein produced her work, I explore how she offers collaborative, embodied, and playful communicative strategies that encourage the reader to hear and speak the sounds of her domestic experiences. In Stein’s prose, vocal readers exceed the impositions of written text through performance and linguistic sonorities enabling the sounds of words (as opposed to their meanings) to slip away from static positions. Readers are encouraged to participate in the process of making meaning, to both sound out and listen to the words on the printed page. Stein’s sound writing, in other words, resonates with feminist communication theories that foreground listening, collaboration, experiential kn...

Constraining Polarized Foregrounds for EoR Experiments I: 2D Power Spectra from the PAPER-32 Imaging Array

Abstract: Current-generation low frequency interferometers constructed with the objective of detecting the high-redshift 21 cm background, aim to generate power spectra of the brightness-temperature contrast of neutral hydrogen in primordial intergalactic medium. Two-dimensional power spectra (power in Fourier modes parallel and perpendicular to the line of sight) formed from interferometric visibilities have been shown to delineate a boundary between spectrally-smooth foregrounds (known as the wedge) and spectrally-structured 21 cm background emission (the EoR-window). However, polarized foregrounds are known to possess spectral structure due to Faraday rotation, which can leak into the EoR window. In this work, we create and analyze 2D power spectra from the PAPER-32 imaging array in Stokes I, Q, U and V. These allow us to observe and diagnose systematic effects in our calibration at high signal-to-noise within the Fourier space most relevant to EoR experiments. We observe well-defined windows in the Stokes visibilities, with Stokes Q, U and V power spectra sharing a similar wedge shape to that seen in Stokes I. With modest polarization calibration, we see no evidence that polarization calibration errors move power outside the wedge in any Stokes visibility, to the noise levels attained. Deeper integrations will be required to confirm that this behavior persists to the depth required for EoR detection.

Comparative jumping mechanics in plethodontid salamanders

Abstract: Plethodontid salamanders have a myriad of defense mechanisms with which to escape predation. One of the most poorly understood mechanisms is jumping, which is driven by lateral body bending; rapid straightening of the body propels the salamander into the air. One previous examination of jumping in one plethodontid salamander found little evidence of ontogenetic changes in the mechanics of jumping. Here, we investigate jumping in six species of plethodontid salamanders, across a wide array of body sizes. Comparing morphological and kinematic variables, jump height scaled with body size and forelimb length. Species differed in morphology, and when comparing kinematic variables across species, only bending duration differed. The lack of scaling patterns leads to several hypotheses, and further investigation of the morphology of the axial musculature is required.

Canaries in the Ethical Coal Mine? Case Vignettes and Empirical Findings for How Psychology Leaders Have Adopted Twitter

Abstract: Twitter, an online application, allows users to post microblog statements in real time. Have psychologists in leadership positions adopted Twitter? What ethical standards are navigated in doing so? Little research has examined the adoption rate of Twitter within a sample of psychologists. This article outlines a series of case vignettes depicting ethical dilemmas encountered by psychologists who adopt Twitter. Data reviewing Twitter adoption by professional psychologists who served as president within psychology advocacy organizations reveal higher adoption rates from student group leaders than professional organization advocacy presidents. Implications for ethical standards and professional development are discussed.

Healthy Weight Knowledge and Body Size Disparities in Chinese Adults.

Abstract: Objectives This study was an exploration of whether raising the level of knowledge regarding healthy eating and physical activity at all socioeconomic status (SES) levels is vital to reducing the SES gradient in body size disparities. Methods This study uses longitudinal data with a total of 20,757 person-years drawn from 11,469 households of individuals aged 18-55 who participated in the 2004, 2006, 2009, and 2011 China Health and Nutrition Survey. Linear mixed-effects regression models capture the link among SES, knowledge of healthy eating and physical activity, and body mass index (BMI). All analyses are stratified by sex. Results The results show there are knowledge gaps among SES groups from 2004-2011 for both men and women. In addition, there is a positive association between knowledge and BMI for men and no association for women. Conversely, the results suggest differentiated effects of knowledge on women's BMI by educational attainment. Conclusions Current intervention programs that focus on raising knowledge regarding what contributes to a healthy weight are limited to reducing body size disparities; understanding social and gender meanings of ideal body size may be the key to curbing the trend toward obesity disparities in China.

Hooking them young: Demystifying computer science and technology among underprivileged high school students

Abstract: This paper examines three different programs to engage refugee, immigrant and underrepresented high school students for a semester-long college campus experience in the field of science, technology and computing. The college is a liberal arts college that values service to the community and is situated in Manchester NH, a refugee resettlement area. The three STEM programs are part of the Access Academy run by the college's center for community engagement. The Access Academy aims to help refugee, immigrant, and underrepresented students graduate high school, and to help them with the college application process. The STEM component is one of the four focus areas of the academy. The goal of the STEM programs is to expose the participants to science, computing, and technology and to broaden their perspective on the importance of these fields in today's world. The paper discusses three different programs: (i) Biodiversity Mapping using GPS technologies; (ii) Computer Construction; and (iii) A Computational Approach to Problem Solving. Surveys, as well as in-depth interviews were used to measure student attitude toward STEM disciplines. Although these were only preliminary surveys, most students seemed to have increased their interest in the STEM fields as well as their interest in pursuing a college degree. These programs were easy to setup and could be replicated at other institution across the country.

The pain of agreement: Calvin and the Consensus Tigurinus

Abstract: In 1549, Calvin signed the ‘Agreement of the Ministers of the Church of Zurich and of John Calvin, Minister of the Church of Geneva, on the Subject of the Sacraments’ (=the Zurich Consensus). There can be no argument that to do so, Calvin had to subscribe to formulations he had never previously publicly accepted. So the question persists as to why Calvin did so? Some have pointed out the wandering path of Calvin's teaching on the Lord's Supper, and have suggested that the Zurich Agreement represented Calvin's thought, at least at that time. This article will argue differently, that Calvin's eucharistic doctrine did change over time, but that this agreement represented a special moment of political expediency, and fervor for evangelical union. Yet even though it was a genuine effort at ecumenical union with other evangelicals supported through doctrinal vagueness, it was also an ironic failure which should cause theologians and historians of the early-modern period to think more about the utility of religi...

Functional Virtual Prototyping Environment for a Family of Map-Reduce Embedded Accelerators

Abstract: This emergence of the heterogeneous computing is based mainly on various forms of parallel accelerators. We present a family of accelerators for embedded computation with a map-reduce architecture based on the partial recursive functions computation model introduced by Stephen Kleene. A three-level virtual prototyping environment is provided to support the development of embedded applications. The first level is written in a Lisp-like functional language. The second is a C-like environment which segregates the intense part of the computation from the complex part. The last one is a low level simulator able to provide support for advanced optimizations. The environment is designed for developing applications by tuning the architecture of a family of many-core machines which provide high performance per Watt and cm2. The energy efficiency of processors backing our architectural approach is in the range of 10 pJ/flop evaluated for the standard cell 28nm technology.

The Raven and the Writing Desk

Abstract: In this essay, I use a dialogue between characters from Lewis Carroll’s Alice’s Adventures in Wonderland to discuss the relationship of mathematics to physical reality. In it, I propose that there are two realities: representational and tangible. Mathematics belongs to the former. We can reconcile the two by taking Eddington’s stance that the universe is nothing more than our description of it.

Vertical Fiscal Gaps and Economic Performance: A Theoretical Review and an Empirical Meta-Analysis

Abstract: How can policymakers reform US federalism for better economic performance? This paper focuses on vertical fiscal gaps: the proportion of subcentral government expenditure funded by central government grants and shared revenue over which subcentral governments lack autonomous control. On one hand, public finance theories show that central grants to subcentral governments can serve a useful purpose in aligning subcentral incentives to public welfare. On the other hand, political economy logic predicts that these grant programs will be a tempting target for rent-seeking politics, harming economic performance. To settle the theoretical conflict, it is necessary to investigate the evidence on the economic effects of vertical fiscal gaps in federal democracies. That evidence shows that, among federal democracies like the United States, vertical fiscal gaps lead to higher subcentral and overall government debt and spending. Moreover, in the United States, cost-sharing grants appear to promote a higher state and local tax burden, and transfers also undermine voter knowledge and public-sector efficiency. These findings are more consistent with political economy theories than with the traditional publicfinance view. Although intergovernmental transfers may sometimes be appropriate, the evidence suggests that in the United States the greater risk comes from their overuse. This paper derives policy implications for the United States.

El proyecto con agentes nativos de la misión jamaicana en Fernando Póo: su herencia colonial

Abstract: Philip. J. Fisher’s play The Island Heritage. Episodes from the Missionary History of Fernando Poo, West Africa. A Play for Young People (1926) has remained unknown for the scholarly work on Equatorial Guinea. As I maintain in this article, the importance of this play rests also on the information she provides about the establishment of the Jamaican Baptist Missionary Society in Fernando Po between 1842 and 1845. Based on Bela Vassady (1979) and Dekar (2001) analysis, this article discuss the role of the Jamaican “native agents” on the Baptist Missionary project as well as its consequences for the colonial British expansion towards the African continent.

“Plunged in the like peril”: The Power of Remembered and Dismembered Bodies in Robert Southwell’s Epistle unto His Father

Abstract: The text of Epistle of Robert Southwell unto His Father is populated by bodies: the body politic that is the omnipresent Elizabethan state, the body of the Southwell family on behalf of whom Southwell claims to make his appeal, the body of the Catholic Church from which Richard Southwell is presently separated, and most significantly the body of Christ to which the young priest would have his father reunited. The detachment of father and son from these various bodies, and consequently from one another, is the reason for the letter’s existence as well as the foundation of its arguments and the source of its considerable drama. This essay argues that the artful persuasiveness of the Epistle lies in the simultaneity of its rhetorical appeals to both a private and public audience, appeals which are strengthened by the author’s awareness of the divided bodies he addresses, and his subsequent decision to deploy a provocative interplay between the actions of remembering and dismembering throughout his text.